Skip to content

Economy of Denmark vs Jordan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Denmark has a GDP of $463B compared to $61.6B for Jordan, ranking 36/197 and 90/197 by economy size, respectively.

Denmark has $127B in government debt (27.5% of GDP), compared to $51B (82.8% of GDP) in Jordan.

Denmark vs Jordan GDP by year

Denmark
Jordan
1x
Year GDP, current $
Denmark Jordan
2025 $462,526,660,468 $61,610,052,535
2024 $424,524,722,037 $58,618,380,563
2023 $404,651,706,118 $56,123,472,113
2022 $400,114,306,337 $53,516,930,141
2021 $406,110,162,088 $50,702,940,986
2020 $355,631,021,932 $47,931,770,986
2019 $345,401,473,013 $48,640,273,803
2018 $355,293,374,912 $47,435,850,423
2017 $331,610,593,962 $45,535,614,366
2016 $312,181,849,372 $43,688,498,732
2015 $301,758,922,338 $42,394,049,296
2014 $352,832,602,064 $40,535,098,592
2013 $344,631,016,965 $37,873,362,958
2012 $326,792,574,245 $34,854,017,887
2011 $344,315,595,263 $32,640,291,549
2010 $322,345,594,075 $30,202,773,521
2009 $322,619,152,195 $27,462,496,197
2008 $354,979,471,960 $25,651,620,831
2007 $320,213,157,595 $17,110,437,236
2006 $283,386,151,544 $15,056,981,664
2005 $265,150,087,712 $12,588,998,590
2004 $251,986,155,631 $11,411,706,629
2003 $218,421,193,436 $10,195,627,645
2002 $178,788,209,558 $9,582,510,578
2001 $164,881,594,415 $8,975,814,653
2000 $164,043,817,224 $8,460,789,845
1999 $177,887,720,536 $8,149,929,478
1998 $176,877,077,513 $7,912,270,804
1997 $173,241,365,735 $7,245,839,210
1996 $187,481,157,846 $6,927,503,526
1995 $184,848,481,008 $6,727,597,032
1994 $156,017,919,221 $6,236,295,978
1993 $143,111,306,004 $5,606,400,222
1992 $152,966,494,260 $5,310,833,194
1991 $139,180,507,778 $4,344,467,193
1990 $138,217,740,684 $4,160,087,508
1989 $112,312,200,761 $4,221,373,674
1988 $115,540,189,705 $6,277,451,829
1987 $109,183,446,340 $6,756,209,762
1986 $87,748,695,217 $6,402,050,485
1985 $62,452,421,011 $4,993,601,520
1984 $58,868,891,335 $4,967,162,160
1983 $60,331,158,447 $4,920,692,191
1982 $60,084,214,872 $4,681,240,993
1981 $61,459,941,461 $4,383,944,703
1980 $70,811,287,816 $3,910,044,474
1979 $70,393,030,603 $3,271,368,781
1978 $60,320,089,218 $2,602,208,589
1977 $49,711,709,588 $2,096,778,602
1976 $44,503,607,444 $1,708,521,219
1975 $40,418,967,666 $1,363,073,498
1974 $34,125,712,481 $1,197,483,949
1973 $30,718,181,337 $943,783,840
1972 $23,230,667,549 $788,479,685
1971 $19,086,192,720 $678,159,729
1970 $17,075,457,733 $639,519,744
1969 $15,414,902,667 $698,879,720
1968 $13,505,574,133 $561,119,776
1967 $13,059,064,806 $631,679,747
1966 $11,931,740,293 $657,999,737
1965 $10,870,670,865 $599,759,760
1964 $9,677,401,337 -
1963 $8,466,044,980 -
1962 $7,953,274,741 -
1961 $7,058,361,229 -
1960 $6,361,166,545 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/jordan | CC BY

GDP per capita in Denmark vs Jordan by year

Denmark
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Jordan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Denmark Jordan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $76,970 - $5,348 -
2024 $71,026 $81,878 $5,074 $10,821
2023 $68,044 $77,892 $4,906 $10,412
2022 $67,781 $78,914 $4,754 $9,927
2021 $69,341 $69,715 $4,582 $9,182
2020 $60,985 $62,682 $4,411 $9,579
2019 $59,404 $60,595 $4,558 $9,429
2018 $61,325 $57,234 $4,534 $9,042
2017 $57,522 $55,272 $4,449 $9,266
2016 $54,501 $51,821 $4,366 $8,748
2015 $53,094 $48,897 $4,442 $8,967
2014 $62,520 $47,880 $4,611 $9,145
2013 $61,378 $46,869 $4,739 $9,817
2012 $58,444 $44,755 $4,594 $9,739
2011 $61,810 $44,444 $4,363 $9,632
2010 $58,105 $43,038 $4,139 $9,417
2009 $58,413 $40,524 $3,845 $9,291
2008 $64,617 $41,467 $3,670 $8,983
2007 $58,632 $39,110 $2,506 $8,416
2006 $52,119 $37,392 $2,343 $8,046
2005 $48,926 $34,238 $2,088 $7,697
2004 $46,625 $33,016 $1,940 $7,074
2003 $40,519 $30,864 $1,776 $6,500
2002 $33,257 $30,667 $1,706 $6,256
2001 $30,768 $29,459 $1,632 $5,948
2000 $30,722 $28,648 $1,571 $5,641
1999 $33,426 $26,642 $1,545 $5,402
1998 $33,346 $25,799 $1,532 $5,264
1997 $32,780 $24,887 $1,436 $5,171
1996 $35,622 $23,723 $1,410 $5,055
1995 $35,321 $22,677 $1,416 $5,027
1994 $29,968 $21,669 $1,367 $4,830
1993 $27,582 $20,217 $1,289 $4,726
1992 $29,579 $19,830 $1,287 $4,654
1991 $27,003 $19,067 $1,110 $4,195
1990 $26,886 $18,225 $1,149 $4,317
1989 $21,882 - $1,260 -
1988 $22,525 - $1,966 -
1987 $21,296 - $2,217 -
1986 $17,137 - $2,200 -
1985 $12,213 - $1,797 -
1984 $11,517 - $1,871 -
1983 $11,797 - $1,939 -
1982 $11,740 - $1,929 -
1981 $12,000 - $1,885 -
1980 $13,822 - $1,750 -
1979 $13,757 - $1,519 -
1978 $11,818 - $1,249 -
1977 $9,770 - $1,039 -
1976 $8,773 - $873 -
1975 $7,988 - $718 -
1974 $6,764 - $651 -
1973 $6,117 - $531 -
1972 $4,654 - $460 -
1971 $3,846 - $412 -
1970 $3,464 - $409 -
1969 $3,151 - $474 -
1968 $2,776 - $409 -
1967 $2,701 - $497 -
1966 $2,487 - $558 -
1965 $2,284 - $546 -
1964 $2,049 - - -
1963 $1,807 - - -
1962 $1,711 - - -
1961 $1,531 - - -
1960 $1,389 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/jordan | CC BY

Denmark's GDP per capita is $76,970, ranking 11/197, compared to $5,348 in Jordan, ranking 120/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Denmark ranks 14th at $81,878, while Jordan ranks 131st at $10,821.

Economic indicators

Denmark Jordan
Gross domestic product
$463B
2025
$61.6B
2025
GDP rank
36/197
2025
90/197
2025
GDP growth
2.93%
2024-2025
2.83%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$76,970
2025
$5,348
2025
GDP per capita rank
11/197
2025
120/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$81,878
2024
$10,821
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
14/197
2024
131/197
2024
Government debt
$127B
2025
$51B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
27.5%
2025
82.8%
2025
Government debt per person
$21,192
2025
$4,430
2025
Government debt per person rank
32/185
2025
91/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$52,602
2026
$4,506
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$151B
2004
$37.4B
2025
Number of millionaires
376,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
9
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2023
27.4%
2010
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
3.5%
2010
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.6%
2025
33.7%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.89%
2024-2025
1.77%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
1.6%
2025
5.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.4%
2025
16.8%
2024
Population
6042125
11538682

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Denmark
Spending

Debt
Jordan
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Denmark Jordan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 47.6% 27.5% 33.7% 82.8%
2024 47.3% 30.5% 34.6% 82.1%
2023 47.4% 33% 33.9% 81%
2022 45.1% 33.3% 32.8% 80.7%
2021 49.7% 39.6% 33.8% 79.9%
2020 53.3% 45.2% 33% 77.9%
2019 49.8% 38.3% 32.7% 69.4%
2018 50.8% 38.5% 33.3% 67.9%
2017 50.6% 40.2% 31.7% 69.1%
2016 52.4% 41.7% 30% 70.7%
2015 54.4% 44.6% 32.3% 71.4%
2014 55.1% 48.7% 36.3% 68.2%
2013 55.6% 47.8% 34.5% 68.8%
2012 57.9% 48.7% 28.3% 64%
2011 56.3% 50% 29.3% 56.1%
2010 56.5% 46.1% 26.6% 53.4%
2009 56.3% 43% 30.7% 51.8%
2008 50.3% 35.5% 29.6% 47.9%
2007 49.5% 29.5% 32.4% 58.2%
2006 49.7% 33.2% 34% 60%
2005 51.1% 39.4% 36.6% 66.1%
2004 52.8% 46.2% 35.1% 73.8%
2003 53.5% 48.2% 35% 80.4%
2002 53.1% 50.3% 31.6% 85.9%
2001 53% 50.1% 30.6% 85.5%
2000 52.9% 53.6% 31.2% 89.9%
1999 54.7% 56.8% 31.8% 98.7%
1998 55.6% 60.3% 32.3% 96.3%
1997 56.2% 64.4% 30.7% 94.7%
1996 58.2% 68.3% 32.6% 101.2%
1995 58.7% 71.5% 32.1% 102.4%
1994 59.5% 75.3% 30.6% 112.1%
1993 59.5% 78.7% 32.5% 122.1%
1992 56.4% 66.7% 31.7% 134.7%
1991 55.5% 63.2% 39.6% 180.5%
1990 55.1% 62.4% 39.9% 197.7%
1989 56.2% 62.2% 42.5% 195.4%
1988 56.1% 64.7% 44.3% 129.3%
1987 54% 62.5% 42.1% 101.9%
1986 52.3% 66.8% 33.8% 84.3%
1985 55.5% 74.7% 42.4% 85.2%
1984 56.6% 77.7% - -
1983 57.9% 74.2% - -
1982 57.7% 64.5% - -
1981 56.3% 51.7% - -
1980 52.7% 39.2% - -
1979 49.6% 31.8% - -
1978 47.2% 25.5% - -
1977 45.6% 15.2% - -
1976 45% 11.4% - -
1975 45.3% 7.01% - -
1974 43.6% 6.2% - -
1973 39.5% 8.94% - -
1972 42.1% 11.5% - -
1971 42.2% 12.9% - -
1970 24.4% 7.62% - -
1969 25.3% 8.36% - -
1968 24.3% 9.36% - -
1967 22.2% 10.1% - -
1966 21.1% 11.2% - -
1965 17.1% 12.9% - -
1964 17.6% 14.5% - -
1963 18.2% 13.7% - -
1962 17% 15.3% - -
1961 15.6% 16.4% - -
1960 16.4% 20.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1991, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/jordan | CC BY

In 2025, Denmark's government spending was $220B, accounting for 47.6% of its GDP, while Jordan spent $20.8B, or 33.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 27.5% in Denmark and 82.8% in Jordan, ranking 161/185 and 39/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Denmark

Jordan
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Denmark Jordan
2025 2.85% -6.35%
2024 4.46% -7.27%
2023 3.43% -6.49%
2022 3.39% -4.9%
2021 4.08% -6.62%
2020 0.36% -7.56%
2019 4.28% -5.06%
2018 0.81% -4.23%
2017 1.69% -3.22%
2016 0.3% -2.62%
2015 -0.9% -5.18%
2014 1.43% -6.75%
2013 -0.94% -8.78%
2012 -3.2% -3.33%
2011 -1.77% -1.21%
2010 -2.52% 0.19%
2009 -2.75% -2.28%
2008 3.46% 1.92%
2007 5.31% 2.76%
2006 5.29% -1.86%
2005 5.2% -2.2%
2004 2.23% 0.56%
2003 0.14% -1.6%
2002 0.25% -3.21%
2001 1.13% -1.13%
2000 1.79% -1.85%
1999 1.06% -1.13%
1998 -0.28% -5.59%
1997 -1.22% -2.68%
1996 -2.4% -2.69%
1995 -3.5% -1.45%
1994 -3.85% -1.67%
1993 -3.73% -1.43%
1992 -2.6% 2.07%
1991 -3.15% -8.1%
1990 -1.78% -6.82%
1989 0.3% -6.89%
1988 1.46% -13%
1987 2.46% -13.4%
1986 3.23% -2.39%
1985 -1.38% -6.9%
1984 -3.58% -
1983 -6.29% -
1982 -8.22% -
1981 -5.84% -
1980 -2.32% -
1979 -0.69% -
1978 0.41% -
1977 0.37% -
1976 0.19% -
1975 -1.23% -
1974 3.7% -
1973 4.97% -
1972 5.01% -
1971 4.96% -
1970 0.7% -
1969 0.3% -
1968 -0.06% -
1967 1.49% -
1966 0.99% -
1965 2.13% -
1964 1.79% -
1963 1.2% -
1962 -0.09% -
1961 1.73% -
1960 1.25% -
1959 0.79% -
1958 0.25% -
1957 0.26% -
1956 -0.01% -
1955 -1.17% -
1954 -0.84% -
1953 1.75% -
1952 1.18% -
1951 0.79% -
1950 1.08% -
1949 0.63% -
1948 1.07% -
1947 0.84% -
1946 2.69% -
1945 -1.03% -
1944 0% -
1943 0% -
1942 0% -
1941 0% -
1940 0% -
1939 0% -
1938 0.03% -
1937 0.22% -
1936 -1.36% -
1935 -0.97% -
1934 0.03% -
1933 1.69% -
1932 -3.22% -
1931 -1.67% -
1930 0.03% -
1929 0.13% -
1928 -4.99% -
1927 -2.33% -
1926 -0.48% -
1925 -3.1% -
1924 -0.8% -
1923 -0.56% -
1922 -1.33% -
1921 -2.41% -
1920 -0.46% -
1919 -0.38% -
1918 1.95% -
1917 3.1% -
1916 1.51% -
1915 -0.48% -
1914 0.43% -
1913 0.07% -
1912 0.13% -
1911 -1.02% -
1910 -1.72% -
1909 -2.49% -
1908 -0.82% -
1907 0.26% -
1906 -0.42% -
1905 0.22% -
1904 -0.1% -
1903 0.03% -
1902 -0.06% -
1901 -0.71% -
1900 -0.84% -
1899 -0.59% -
1898 -0.43% -
1897 -0.61% -
1896 -0.07% -
1895 -0.17% -
1894 -0.26% -
1893 -0.42% -
1892 -0.73% -
1891 -0.76% -
1890 -0.97% -
1889 -0.55% -
1888 -0.49% -
1887 -0.68% -
1886 -0.39% -
1885 0.48% -
1884 1.2% -
1883 0.73% -
1882 0.35% -
1881 0.42% -
1880 -2.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/jordan | CC BY

In 2025, Denmark's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $13.2B, equivalent to 2.85% of GDP. This compares to Jordan's deficit of $3.91B, or 6.35% of GDP.

Over the past 41 years, Denmark recorded a fiscal deficit in 16 of those years, while Jordan ran a deficit in 36 years. On average, Denmark posted an annual surplus equal to 0.6% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.91% of GDP for Jordan.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Denmark

Jordan
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Denmark Jordan
2025 1.89% 1.77%
2024 1.37% 1.56%
2023 3.31% 2.08%
2022 7.7% 4.23%
2021 1.85% 1.35%
2020 0.42% 0.33%
2019 0.76% 0.76%
2018 0.81% 4.46%
2017 1.15% 3.32%
2016 0.25% -0.78%
2015 0.45% -0.88%
2014 0.56% 2.9%
2013 0.79% 4.82%
2012 2.4% 4.52%
2011 2.76% 4.16%
2010 2.31% 4.85%
2009 1.3% -0.74%
2008 3.42% 14%
2007 1.69% 4.74%
2006 1.92% 6.25%
2005 1.82% 3.49%
2004 1.15% 3.36%
2003 2.08% 1.63%
2002 2.42% 1.83%
2001 2.34% 1.77%
2000 2.9% 0.67%
1999 2.5% 0.61%
1998 1.85% 3.09%
1997 2.18% 3.04%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/jordan | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Denmark has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.94%, compared with 2.87% in Jordan. In 2025, inflation was 1.89% in Denmark and 1.77% in Jordan.

Top exports between countries

Denmark
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $35.5M
Animal & marine products $14.7M
Chemicals & pharma $12M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $4.77M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.33M
Raw agricultural goods $1.54M
Metals $1.41M
Wood & paper products $490K
Miscellaneous $430K
Raw materials & minerals $294K
Jordan
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $628K
Raw agricultural goods $475K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $307K
Raw materials & minerals $214K
Machinery & equipment $164K
Textiles & consumer goods $81K
Metals $56K
Wood & paper products $31K
Miscellaneous $27K

Balance of trade

Denmark Jordan
Current account balance
$51.8B
2024
-$3.13B
2024
Current account balance ranking
13/190
2024
152/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+12.2%
2024
-5.33%
2024
Goods imports
$132B
2024
$23.9B
2024
Goods exports
$172B
2024
$13.3B
2024
Service imports
$125B
2024
$6.5B
2024
Service exports
$129B
2024
$9.45B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
59.1%
2025
57.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
70.1%
2025
42.6%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Denmark Jordan
Economic freedom 79 59.3
Economic freedom ranking 8/197 104/197
Property rights 99.9 52.3
Government integrity 98 51
Judicial effectiveness 89.3 44
Tax burden 43.4 84.1
Government spending 34.8 67.2
Fiscal health 98 5.2
Business freedom 90.4 62.7
Labor freedom 65 51.3
Monetary freedom 80.1 81.2
Trade freedom 79.4 82
Investment freedom 90 70
Financial freedom 80 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Denmark
Jordan
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Denmark Jordan
2026 79 59.3
2025 79.1 59.4
2024 77.8 58.3
2023 77.6 58.8
2022 78 60.1
2021 77.8 64.6
2020 78.3 66
2019 76.7 66.5
2018 76.6 64.9
2017 75.1 66.7
2016 75.3 68.3
2015 76.3 69.3
2014 76.1 69.2
2013 76.1 70.4
2012 76.2 69.9
2011 78.6 68.9
2010 77.9 66.1
2009 79.6 65.4
2008 79.2 64.1
2007 77 64.5
2006 75.4 63.7
2005 75.3 66.7
2004 72.4 66.1
2003 73.2 65.3
2002 71.1 66.2
2001 68.3 68.3
2000 68.3 67.5
1999 68.1 67.4
1998 67.5 66.8
1997 67.5 63.6
1996 67.3 60.8
1995 - 62.7

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/jordan | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Denmark is 79, ranking 8/197, compared to 59.3 for Jordan, ranking 104/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Denmark Jordan
Services, % of GDP
62.7%
2025
56.8%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
24.8%
2025
27.4%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.17%
2025
5.56%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$464B
2025
$60.6B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$85,460
2025
$12,440
2025
Total reserves including gold
$128B
2025
$26.6B
2025
Total reserves ranking
24/177
2025
61/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
-$1.58B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$18.2B
2024
$1.63B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$30.7B
2024
$54.1M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
7.85%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.4%
2021
14.2%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.1%
2025
23%
2021

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/jordan | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1991, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.