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Economy of Denmark vs Jordan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Denmark has a GDP of $429B compared to $53.4B for Jordan, ranking 38/197 and 91/197 by economy size, respectively.

Denmark has $120B in government debt (26.6% of GDP), compared to $51.2B (92.6% of GDP) in Jordan.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Denmark
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Jordan
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Denmark Jordan
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $6,361,166,545 $80,238,063,131 - -
1961 $7,058,361,229 $85,356,314,760 - -
1962 $7,953,274,741 $90,193,305,331 - -
1963 $8,466,044,980 $90,767,855,838 - -
1964 $9,677,401,337 $99,181,979,992 - -
1965 $10,870,670,865 $103,699,971,911 $599,759,760 -
1966 $11,931,740,293 $106,542,294,924 $657,999,737 -
1967 $13,059,064,806 $112,813,620,773 $631,679,747 -
1968 $13,505,574,133 $119,416,599,037 $561,119,776 -
1969 $15,414,902,667 $127,535,877,471 $698,879,720 -
1970 $17,075,457,733 $129,902,945,560 $639,519,744 -
1971 $19,086,192,720 $134,031,029,530 $678,159,729 -
1972 $23,230,667,549 $139,120,989,452 $788,479,685 -
1973 $30,718,181,337 $145,686,794,688 $943,783,840 -
1974 $34,125,712,481 $144,281,984,443 $1,197,483,949 -
1975 $40,418,967,666 $142,247,753,419 $1,363,073,498 -
1976 $44,503,607,444 $150,773,233,048 $1,708,521,219 $5,730,509,541
1977 $49,711,709,588 $153,766,730,433 $2,096,778,602 $6,206,050,653
1978 $60,320,089,218 $157,483,262,379 $2,602,208,589 $7,117,071,955
1979 $70,393,030,603 $163,866,531,124 $3,271,368,781 $8,597,629,976
1980 $70,811,287,816 $162,635,188,845 $3,910,044,474 $9,559,261,689
1981 $61,459,941,461 $161,430,084,232 $4,383,944,703 $11,201,420,243
1982 $60,084,214,872 $167,713,124,649 $4,681,240,993 $11,988,425,688
1983 $60,331,158,447 $172,165,579,297 $4,920,692,191 $11,722,313,981
1984 $58,868,891,335 $179,636,437,842 $4,967,162,160 $12,225,399,096
1985 $62,452,421,011 $187,096,889,700 $4,993,601,520 $11,894,464,002
1986 $87,748,695,217 $195,952,945,326 $6,402,050,485 $12,549,210,740
1987 $109,183,446,340 $196,860,120,911 $6,756,209,762 $12,840,763,338
1988 $115,540,189,705 $197,397,452,814 $6,277,451,829 $13,028,517,104
1989 $112,312,200,761 $198,773,654,972 $4,221,373,674 $11,630,658,935
1990 $138,217,740,684 $202,073,829,845 $4,160,087,508 $11,598,569,492
1991 $139,180,507,778 $205,020,430,124 $4,344,467,193 $11,785,136,086
1992 $152,966,494,260 $209,167,606,432 $5,310,833,194 $13,476,276,723
1993 $143,111,306,004 $209,002,572,327 $5,606,400,222 $14,080,955,882
1994 $156,017,919,221 $220,068,623,481 $6,236,295,978 $14,780,987,323
1995 $184,848,481,008 $226,754,355,587 $6,727,597,032 $15,697,537,789
1996 $187,481,157,846 $233,320,596,409 $6,927,503,526 $16,025,148,664
1997 $173,241,365,735 $240,713,316,197 $7,245,839,210 $16,555,336,763
1998 $176,877,077,513 $246,313,036,680 $7,912,270,804 $17,054,012,096
1999 $177,887,720,536 $253,621,896,626 $8,149,929,478 $17,632,063,087
2000 $164,043,817,224 $263,066,798,869 $8,460,789,845 $18,380,669,692
2001 $164,881,594,415 $265,566,018,287 $8,975,814,653 $19,349,323,187
2002 $178,788,209,558 $266,778,406,880 $9,582,510,578 $20,468,450,875
2003 $218,421,193,436 $267,955,142,441 $10,195,627,645 $21,320,279,754
2004 $251,986,155,631 $275,394,519,881 $11,411,706,629 $23,146,833,798
2005 $265,150,087,712 $281,892,753,289 $12,588,998,590 $25,032,512,559
2006 $283,386,151,544 $292,651,155,543 $15,056,981,664 $27,058,387,611
2007 $320,213,157,595 $295,540,131,122 $17,110,437,236 $29,270,727,369
2008 $354,979,471,960 $294,307,201,414 $22,658,715,989 $31,384,186,979
2009 $322,619,152,195 $279,666,951,317 $24,537,876,056 $32,960,837,542
2010 $322,345,594,075 $284,093,791,187 $27,133,804,225 $33,723,826,288
2011 $344,315,595,263 $287,817,703,286 $29,524,149,155 $34,646,908,078
2012 $326,792,574,245 $287,802,068,160 $31,634,561,690 $35,488,605,512
2013 $344,631,016,965 $291,810,211,099 $34,454,440,141 $36,414,839,440
2014 $352,832,602,064 $295,539,545,107 $36,847,643,521 $37,647,146,046
2015 $301,758,922,338 $301,758,922,338 $38,587,017,887 $38,587,017,887
2016 $312,181,849,372 $311,032,111,298 $39,892,551,127 $39,356,512,808
2017 $331,610,593,962 $320,538,736,986 $41,608,435,915 $40,330,034,783
2018 $355,293,374,912 $326,500,781,503 $43,370,860,704 $41,103,996,750
2019 $345,401,473,013 $332,088,518,944 $44,503,006,338 $41,823,826,702
2020 $355,631,021,932 $326,176,991,232 $43,700,383,099 $41,362,613,666
2021 $408,378,204,640 $350,255,593,093 $46,296,100,141 $42,874,683,401
2022 $401,945,576,108 $355,650,135,426 $48,764,963,380 $44,009,762,840
2023 $407,091,920,305 $364,524,261,929 $51,088,476,338 $45,279,041,101
2024 $429,457,372,072 $377,924,893,185 $53,352,289,577 $46,405,988,481

Economic indicators

Denmark Jordan
Gross domestic product
$429B
2024
$53.4B
2024
GDP rank
38/197
2024
91/197
2024
GDP growth
5.49%
2023-2024
4.43%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$71,852
2024
$4,618
2024
GDP per capita rank
12/197
2024
124/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$79,514
2024
$10,821
2024
Government debt
$120B
2024
$51.2B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
26.6%
2025
92.6%
2025
Government debt per person
$20,114
2024
$4,429
2024
Government debt per person rank
31/185
2024
88/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$50,067
2025
$5,420
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$151B
2004
$24.9B
2024
Number of billionaires
9
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2023
27.4%
2010
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
3.5%
2010
Government expenditure, % of GDP
48.4%
2025
31.3%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.37%
2023-2024
1.56%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
1.6%
2025
6.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.15%
2024
16.6%
2023
Population
6018959
11575983

GDP per capita in Denmark vs Jordan

Denmark's GDP per capita is $71,852, ranking 12/197, compared to $4,618 in Jordan, ranking 124/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Denmark ranks 14th at $79,514, while Jordan ranks 131st at $10,821.

Denmark
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Jordan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Denmark Jordan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $1,389 - - -
1961 $1,531 - - -
1962 $1,711 - - -
1963 $1,807 - - -
1964 $2,049 - - -
1965 $2,284 - $546 -
1966 $2,487 - $558 -
1967 $2,701 - $497 -
1968 $2,776 - $409 -
1969 $3,151 - $474 -
1970 $3,464 - $409 -
1971 $3,846 - $412 -
1972 $4,654 - $460 -
1973 $6,117 - $531 -
1974 $6,764 - $651 -
1975 $7,988 - $718 -
1976 $8,773 - $873 -
1977 $9,770 - $1,039 -
1978 $11,818 - $1,249 -
1979 $13,757 - $1,519 -
1980 $13,822 - $1,750 -
1981 $12,000 - $1,885 -
1982 $11,740 - $1,929 -
1983 $11,797 - $1,939 -
1984 $11,517 - $1,871 -
1985 $12,213 - $1,797 -
1986 $17,137 - $2,200 -
1987 $21,296 - $2,217 -
1988 $22,525 - $1,966 -
1989 $21,882 - $1,260 -
1990 $26,886 $18,227 $1,149 $4,317
1991 $27,003 $19,055 $1,110 $4,195
1992 $29,579 $19,818 $1,287 $4,654
1993 $27,582 $20,204 $1,289 $4,726
1994 $29,968 $21,655 $1,367 $4,830
1995 $35,321 $22,662 $1,416 $5,027
1996 $35,622 $23,714 $1,410 $5,055
1997 $32,780 $24,881 $1,436 $5,171
1998 $33,346 $25,797 $1,532 $5,264
1999 $33,426 $26,642 $1,545 $5,402
2000 $30,722 $28,642 $1,571 $5,641
2001 $30,768 $29,462 $1,632 $5,948
2002 $33,257 $30,667 $1,706 $6,256
2003 $40,519 $30,868 $1,776 $6,500
2004 $46,625 $33,020 $1,940 $7,074
2005 $48,926 $34,238 $2,088 $7,697
2006 $52,119 $37,400 $2,343 $8,046
2007 $58,632 $39,112 $2,506 $8,416
2008 $64,617 $41,467 $3,242 $8,983
2009 $58,413 $40,503 $3,436 $9,291
2010 $58,105 $43,042 $3,718 $9,417
2011 $61,810 $44,444 $3,947 $9,632
2012 $58,444 $44,755 $4,170 $9,739
2013 $61,378 $46,869 $4,311 $9,817
2014 $62,520 $47,880 $4,191 $9,145
2015 $53,094 $48,910 $4,043 $8,967
2016 $54,501 $51,821 $3,987 $8,748
2017 $57,522 $55,272 $4,066 $9,266
2018 $61,325 $57,234 $4,145 $9,042
2019 $59,404 $60,595 $4,170 $9,429
2020 $60,985 $62,682 $4,022 $9,579
2021 $69,728 $69,715 $4,183 $9,182
2022 $68,091 $77,400 $4,332 $9,927
2023 $68,454 $73,737 $4,466 $10,412
2024 $71,852 $79,514 $4,618 $10,821

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Denmark's government spending was $200B, accounting for 48.4% of its GDP, while Jordan's spent $17.8B, or 31.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 26.6% in Denmark and 92.6% in Jordan, ranking 166/185 and 29/185, respectively.

Denmark
Government spending

Government debt
Jordan
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Denmark Jordan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 16.4% 20.1% - -
1961 15.6% 16.4% - -
1962 17% 15.3% - -
1963 18.2% 13.7% - -
1964 17.6% 14.5% - -
1965 17.1% 12.9% - -
1966 21.1% 11.2% - -
1967 22.2% 10.1% - -
1968 24.3% 9.36% - -
1969 25.3% 8.36% - -
1970 24.4% 7.62% - -
1971 42.2% 12.9% - -
1972 42.1% 11.5% - -
1973 39.5% 8.94% - -
1974 43.6% 6.2% - -
1975 45.3% 7.01% - -
1976 45% 11.4% - -
1977 45.6% 15.2% - -
1978 47.2% 25.5% - -
1979 49.6% 31.8% - -
1980 52.7% 39.2% - -
1981 56.3% 51.7% - -
1982 57.7% 64.5% - -
1983 57.9% 74.2% - -
1984 56.6% 77.7% - -
1985 55.5% 74.7% 42.4% 85.2%
1986 52.3% 66.8% 33.8% 84.3%
1987 54% 62.5% 42.1% 101.9%
1988 56.1% 64.7% 44.3% 129.3%
1989 56.2% 62.2% 42.5% 195.4%
1990 55.1% 62.4% 44% 227.5%
1991 55.5% 63.2% 44.9% 207.7%
1992 56.4% 66.7% 35.5% 155.1%
1993 59.5% 78.7% 36.4% 140.6%
1994 59.5% 75.3% 34.3% 129%
1995 58.7% 71.5% 35.5% 117.8%
1996 58.2% 68.3% 36.2% 116.5%
1997 56.2% 64.4% 33.9% 109%
1998 55.6% 60.3% 34.9% 110.8%
1999 54.7% 56.8% 32.7% 109%
2000 52.9% 53.6% 33.1% 99.3%
2001 53% 50.1% 32.1% 94.4%
2002 53.1% 50.3% 32.9% 94.9%
2003 53.5% 48.2% 36% 88.8%
2004 52.8% 46.2% 36.6% 81.5%
2005 51.1% 39.4% 37.3% 73%
2006 49.7% 33.2% 34.7% 66.3%
2007 49.5% 29.5% 35.8% 64.3%
2008 50.3% 35.5% 34% 54.2%
2009 56.3% 43% 34.5% 58%
2010 56.5% 46.1% 32% 59.4%
2011 56.3% 50% 35.6% 62.1%
2012 57.9% 48.7% 36.8% 70.5%
2013 55.6% 47.8% 33.6% 75.6%
2014 55.1% 48.7% 35.6% 75%
2015 54.4% 44.6% 32.7% 78.4%
2016 52.4% 41.7% 28.4% 77.4%
2017 50.6% 40.2% 28.7% 75.7%
2018 50.8% 38.5% 30.1% 74.3%
2019 49.8% 38.3% 30.1% 78%
2020 53.3% 46.3% 31.7% 87.9%
2021 49.4% 40.5% 32.2% 98.2%
2022 44.9% 34.1% 32.6% 97.9%
2023 46.8% 33.6% 32.8% 97%
2024 46.5% 28% 33.3% 95.9%
2025 48.4% 26.6% 31.3% 92.6%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Denmark's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $19.3B, equivalent to 4.5% of GDP. This compares to Jordan's deficit of -$4.41B, or -8.26% of GDP.

Over the past 40 years, Denmark recorded a fiscal deficit in 16 of those years, while Jordan ran a deficit in 39 years. On average, Denmark posted an annual surplus equal to +0.54% of GDP, compared to deficit of -5.93% of GDP for Jordan.

Deficit/surplus
Denmark

Jordan
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Denmark Jordan
1880 -2.65% -
1881 0.42% -
1882 0.35% -
1883 0.73% -
1884 1.2% -
1885 0.48% -
1886 -0.39% -
1887 -0.68% -
1888 -0.49% -
1889 -0.55% -
1890 -0.97% -
1891 -0.76% -
1892 -0.73% -
1893 -0.42% -
1894 -0.26% -
1895 -0.17% -
1896 -0.07% -
1897 -0.61% -
1898 -0.43% -
1899 -0.59% -
1900 -0.84% -
1901 -0.71% -
1902 -0.06% -
1903 0.03% -
1904 -0.1% -
1905 0.22% -
1906 -0.42% -
1907 0.26% -
1908 -0.82% -
1909 -2.49% -
1910 -1.72% -
1911 -1.02% -
1912 0.13% -
1913 0.07% -
1914 0.43% -
1915 -0.48% -
1916 1.51% -
1917 3.1% -
1918 1.95% -
1919 -0.38% -
1920 -0.46% -
1921 -2.41% -
1922 -1.33% -
1923 -0.56% -
1924 -0.8% -
1925 -3.1% -
1926 -0.48% -
1927 -2.33% -
1928 -4.99% -
1929 0.13% -
1930 0.03% -
1931 -1.67% -
1932 -3.22% -
1933 1.69% -
1934 0.03% -
1935 -0.97% -
1936 -1.36% -
1937 0.22% -
1938 0.03% -
1939 0% -
1940 0% -
1941 0% -
1942 0% -
1943 0% -
1944 0% -
1945 -1.03% -
1946 2.69% -
1947 0.84% -
1948 1.07% -
1949 0.63% -
1950 1.08% -
1951 0.79% -
1952 1.18% -
1953 1.75% -
1954 -0.84% -
1955 -1.17% -
1956 -0.01% -
1957 0.26% -
1958 0.25% -
1959 0.79% -
1960 1.25% -
1961 1.73% -
1962 -0.09% -
1963 1.2% -
1964 1.79% -
1965 2.13% -
1966 0.99% -
1967 1.49% -
1968 -0.06% -
1969 0.3% -
1970 0.7% -
1971 4.96% -
1972 5.01% -
1973 4.97% -
1974 3.7% -
1975 -1.23% -
1976 0.19% -
1977 0.37% -
1978 0.41% -
1979 -0.69% -
1980 -2.32% -
1981 -5.84% -
1982 -8.22% -
1983 -6.29% -
1984 -3.58% -
1985 -1.38% -6.9%
1986 3.23% -2.39%
1987 2.46% -13.4%
1988 1.46% -13%
1989 0.3% -6.89%
1990 -1.78% -7.45%
1991 -3.15% -10.2%
1992 -2.6% 1.87%
1993 -3.73% -2.14%
1994 -3.85% -2.3%
1995 -3.5% -1.72%
1996 -2.4% -3.25%
1997 -1.22% -2.97%
1998 -0.28% -5.4%
1999 1.06% -2.69%
2000 1.79% -3.99%
2001 1.13% -2.77%
2002 0.25% -4.44%
2003 0.14% -2.52%
2004 2.23% -1.09%
2005 5.2% -5.36%
2006 5.29% -3.82%
2007 5.31% -5.03%
2008 3.46% -4.8%
2009 -2.75% -8.84%
2010 -2.52% -7.81%
2011 -1.77% -9.82%
2012 -3.2% -14.3%
2013 -0.94% -10.1%
2014 1.43% -8.48%
2015 -0.9% -8.39%
2016 0.3% -3.66%
2017 1.69% -3.57%
2018 0.81% -4.61%
2019 4.28% -5.83%
2020 0.36% -9.07%
2021 4.1% -7.46%
2022 3.44% -6.95%
2023 3.31% -7.64%
2024 4.5% -8.26%
2025 1.2% -5.32%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Denmark has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.95%, compared with 3.03% in Jordan. In 2024, inflation was 1.37% in Denmark and 1.56% in Jordan.

Inflation
Denmark

Jordan
Year Inflation
Denmark Jordan Denmark Jordan
1996 2.13% 6.5%
1997 2.18% 3.04%
1998 1.85% 3.09%
1999 2.5% 0.61%
2000 2.9% 0.67%
2001 2.34% 1.77%
2002 2.42% 1.83%
2003 2.08% 1.63%
2004 1.15% 3.36%
2005 1.82% 3.49%
2006 1.92% 6.25%
2007 1.69% 4.74%
2008 3.42% 14%
2009 1.3% -0.74%
2010 2.31% 4.85%
2011 2.76% 4.16%
2012 2.4% 4.52%
2013 0.79% 4.82%
2014 0.56% 2.9%
2015 0.45% -0.88%
2016 0.25% -0.78%
2017 1.15% 3.32%
2018 0.81% 4.46%
2019 0.76% 0.76%
2020 0.42% 0.33%
2021 1.85% 1.35%
2022 7.7% 4.23%
2023 3.31% 2.08%
2024 1.37% 1.56%

Top exports between countries

Denmark
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $22.7M
Animal & marine products $11.9M
Chemicals & pharma $8.43M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.37M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.12M
Metals $1.33M
Miscellaneous $1.11M
Raw agricultural goods $1.09M
Raw materials & minerals $266K
Wood & paper products $124K
Jordan
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $1.64M
Machinery & equipment $571K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $449K
Raw agricultural goods $142K
Chemicals & pharma $89K
Metals $56K
Textiles & consumer goods $37K
Wood & paper products $21K
Miscellaneous $12K

Balance of trade

Denmark Jordan
Current account balance
$52.1B
2024
-$3.13B
2024
Current account balance ranking
11/189
2024
156/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+12.1%
2024
-5.86%
2024
Goods imports
$132B
2024
$23.9B
2024
Goods exports
$172B
2024
$13.3B
2024
Service imports
$125B
2024
$6.5B
2024
Service exports
$129B
2024
$9.45B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
58.9%
2024
57.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
69.7%
2024
42.6%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Denmark Jordan
Economic freedom 79.1 59.4
Economic freedom ranking 8/197 101/197
Property rights 99.3 54.4
Government integrity 98 48.8
Judicial effectiveness 90.5 43.5
Tax burden 45 83.9
Government spending 33.6 68.5
Fiscal health 98.2 2.8
Business freedom 93 62.4
Labor freedom 64.9 55.6
Monetary freedom 76.6 79.9
Trade freedom 79.6 82.4
Investment freedom 90 70
Financial freedom 80 60

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Denmark is 79.1, ranking 8/197, compared to 59.4 for Jordan, ranking 101/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Denmark
Jordan
Year Economic freedom index
Denmark Jordan
1995 - 62.7
1996 67.3 60.8
1997 67.5 63.6
1998 67.5 66.8
1999 68.1 67.4
2000 68.3 67.5
2001 68.3 68.3
2002 71.1 66.2
2003 73.2 65.3
2004 72.4 66.1
2005 75.3 66.7
2006 75.4 63.7
2007 77 64.5
2008 79.2 64.1
2009 79.6 65.4
2010 77.9 66.1
2011 78.6 68.9
2012 76.2 69.9
2013 76.1 70.4
2014 76.1 69.2
2015 76.3 69.3
2016 75.3 68.3
2017 75.1 66.7
2018 76.6 64.9
2019 76.7 66.5
2020 78.3 66
2021 77.8 64.6
2022 78 60.1
2023 77.6 58.8
2024 77.8 58.3
2025 79.1 59.4

More economic indicators

Denmark Jordan
Services, % of GDP
64%
2024
60.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2024
25.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.74%
2024
5.07%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$441B
2024
$51.2B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$82,240
2024
$10,570
2024
Total reserves including gold
$108B
2024
$21.9B
2024
Total reserves ranking
25/177
2024
60/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$11.9B
2024
-$1.58B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$18.5B
2024
$1.63B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$30.4B
2024
$54.1M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
n/a
7.66%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.4%
2021
14.2%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.6%
2024
25.2%
2021

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.