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Economy of Jordan vs United Kingdom compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Jordan has a GDP of $53.4B compared to $3.69T for the United Kingdom, ranking 90/197 and 6/197 by economy size, respectively.

Jordan has $48.1B in government debt (90.2% of GDP), compared to $3.73T (101.2% of GDP) in the United Kingdom.

Jordan vs United Kingdom GDP by year

Jordan
United Kingdom
1x
Year GDP, current $
Jordan United Kingdom
2024 $53,352,289,577 $3,686,033,044,482
2023 $51,088,476,338 $3,420,796,653,789
2022 $48,764,963,380 $3,181,244,350,465
2021 $46,296,100,141 $3,194,559,188,926
2020 $43,700,383,099 $2,724,001,478,305
2019 $44,503,006,338 $2,875,710,080,015
2018 $43,370,860,704 $2,897,028,009,916
2017 $41,608,435,915 $2,699,118,387,873
2016 $39,892,551,127 $2,706,807,606,539
2015 $38,587,017,887 $2,945,579,890,258
2014 $36,847,643,521 $3,085,362,169,410
2013 $34,454,440,141 $2,796,908,333,283
2012 $31,634,561,690 $2,719,715,961,540
2011 $29,524,149,155 $2,675,590,034,129
2010 $27,133,804,225 $2,496,740,681,057
2009 $24,537,876,056 $2,429,358,155,476
2008 $22,658,715,989 $2,945,251,838,235
2007 $17,110,437,236 $3,104,699,879,952
2006 $15,056,981,664 $2,719,558,417,663
2005 $12,588,998,590 $2,551,361,818,182
2004 $11,411,706,629 $2,429,774,807,763
2003 $10,195,627,645 $2,061,227,755,102
2002 $9,582,510,578 $1,790,536,570,743
2001 $8,975,814,653 $1,656,171,009,069
2000 $8,460,789,845 $1,671,597,821,153
1999 $8,149,929,478 $1,693,458,987,219
1998 $7,912,270,804 $1,660,821,464,061
1997 $7,245,839,210 $1,569,317,288,802
1996 $6,927,503,526 $1,425,287,051,482
1995 $6,727,597,032 $1,349,094,208,616
1994 $6,236,295,978 $1,140,489,745,944
1993 $5,606,400,222 $1,061,388,722,256
1992 $5,310,833,194 $1,179,659,529,660
1991 $4,344,467,193 $1,142,797,178,131
1990 $4,160,087,508 $1,093,169,389,205
1989 $4,221,373,674 $926,884,816,754
1988 $6,277,451,829 $910,122,732,124
1987 $6,756,209,762 $745,162,608,269
1986 $6,402,050,485 $601,452,653,181
1985 $4,993,601,520 $489,285,164,271
1984 $4,967,162,160 $461,487,097,632
1983 $4,920,692,191 $489,618,008,186
1982 $4,681,240,993 $515,048,916,841
1981 $4,383,944,703 $540,765,675,241
1980 $3,910,044,474 $564,947,710,899
1979 $3,271,368,781 $438,994,070,309
1978 $2,602,208,589 $335,883,029,722
1977 $2,096,778,602 $263,066,457,352
1976 $1,708,521,219 $232,614,555,256
1975 $1,363,073,498 $241,756,637,168
1974 $1,197,483,949 $206,131,369,799
1973 $943,783,840 $192,537,971,583
1972 $788,479,685 $169,965,034,965
1971 $678,159,729 $148,113,896,325
1970 $639,519,744 $130,671,946,244
1969 $698,879,720 $116,464,702,803
1968 $561,119,776 $107,759,910,068
1967 $631,679,747 $113,116,888,211
1966 $657,999,737 $108,572,752,102
1965 $599,759,760 $101,824,755,079
1964 - $94,407,558,351
1963 - $86,561,961,812
1962 - $81,247,564,157
1961 - $77,741,965,703
1960 - $73,233,967,692

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/jordan/united-kingdom | CC BY

GDP per capita in Jordan vs United Kingdom by year

Jordan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Jordan United Kingdom
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $4,618 $10,821 $53,246 $62,009
2023 $4,466 $10,412 $49,944 $59,911
2022 $4,332 $9,927 $47,057 $59,022
2021 $4,183 $9,182 $47,691 $51,004
2020 $4,022 $9,579 $40,813 $48,230
2019 $4,170 $9,429 $43,159 $50,065
2018 $4,145 $9,042 $43,703 $47,212
2017 $4,066 $9,266 $40,917 $46,113
2016 $3,987 $8,748 $41,258 $44,085
2015 $4,043 $8,967 $45,255 $42,515
2014 $4,191 $9,145 $47,746 $41,267
2013 $4,311 $9,817 $43,607 $39,948
2012 $4,170 $9,739 $42,688 $38,337
2011 $3,947 $9,632 $42,296 $37,224
2010 $3,718 $9,417 $39,778 $36,484
2009 $3,436 $9,291 $39,009 $35,042
2008 $3,242 $8,983 $47,652 $36,745
2007 $2,506 $8,416 $50,629 $35,522
2006 $2,343 $8,046 $44,695 $34,727
2005 $2,088 $7,697 $42,240 $32,726
2004 $1,940 $7,074 $40,504 $32,051
2003 $1,776 $6,500 $34,557 $30,314
2002 $1,706 $6,256 $30,159 $29,089
2001 $1,632 $5,948 $28,014 $27,913
2000 $1,571 $5,641 $28,384 $26,536
1999 $1,545 $5,402 $28,858 $24,494
1998 $1,532 $5,264 $28,396 $23,689
1997 $1,436 $5,171 $26,910 $23,071
1996 $1,410 $5,055 $24,503 $21,947
1995 $1,416 $5,027 $23,253 $20,595
1994 $1,367 $4,830 $19,709 $19,605
1993 $1,289 $4,726 $18,389 $18,336
1992 $1,287 $4,654 $20,487 $17,349
1991 $1,110 $4,195 $19,901 $16,791
1990 $1,149 $4,317 $19,095 $16,505
1989 $1,260 - $16,239 -
1988 $1,966 - $15,987 -
1987 $2,217 - $13,119 -
1986 $2,200 - $10,611 -
1985 $1,797 - $8,652 -
1984 $1,871 - $8,179 -
1983 $1,939 - $8,692 -
1982 $1,929 - $9,146 -
1981 $1,885 - $9,599 -
1980 $1,750 - $10,032 -
1979 $1,519 - $7,805 -
1978 $1,249 - $5,977 -
1977 $1,039 - $4,681 -
1976 $873 - $4,138 -
1975 $718 - $4,300 -
1974 $651 - $3,666 -
1973 $531 - $3,426 -
1972 $460 - $3,030 -
1971 $412 - $2,650 -
1970 $409 - $2,348 -
1969 $474 - $2,101 -
1968 $409 - $1,952 -
1967 $497 - $2,059 -
1966 $558 - $1,987 -
1965 $546 - $1,874 -
1964 - - $1,748 -
1963 - - $1,613 -
1962 - - $1,526 -
1961 - - $1,472 -
1960 - - $1,398 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/jordan/united-kingdom | CC BY

Jordan's GDP per capita is $4,618, ranking 123/197, compared to $53,246 in the United Kingdom, ranking 22/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Jordan ranks 131st at $10,821, while the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009.

Economic indicators

Jordan United Kingdom
Gross domestic product
$53.4B
2024
$3.69T
2024
GDP rank
90/197
2024
6/197
2024
GDP growth
2.49%
2023-2024
1.13%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$4,618
2024
$53,246
2024
GDP per capita rank
123/197
2024
22/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$10,821
2024
$62,009
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
131/197
2024
32/197
2024
Government debt
$48.1B
2024
$3.73T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
90.2%
2024
101.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$4,167
2024
$53,900
2024
Government debt per person rank
91/185
2024
7/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,787
2026
$39,230
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$24.9B
2024
$3.1T
2022
Number of millionaires n/a
2,624,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
55
2025
Income share by richest 10%
27.4%
2010
24.6%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
3.5%
2010
3%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
33%
2024
44%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
1.56%
2023-2024
3.27%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
5.75%
2025
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
16.6%
2023
4.36%
2024
Population
11555022
70154914

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Jordan
Spending

Debt
United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Jordan United Kingdom
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 33% 90.2% 44% 101.2%
2023 32.9% 89% 44.8% 100.4%
2022 33.3% 88.6% 44.1% 99.6%
2021 34.1% 87.6% 45.8% 105.1%
2020 33.7% 104.5% 50% 105.8%
2019 32.4% 92.9% 38.8% 85.7%
2018 32% 87.4% 38.9% 86.3%
2017 29.6% 86.1% 39.2% 86.7%
2016 29.8% 85% 39.6% 87.8%
2015 31.7% 83.4% 40.4% 87.9%
2014 39.2% 78.6% 41.2% 87.1%
2013 36.4% 78.1% 41.8% 85.3%
2012 32.2% 73.8% 43.6% 84.5%
2011 27.4% 63.9% 43.5% 81.4%
2010 29.8% 59.5% 44.7% 75.9%
2009 35.9% 55.5% 44.6% 64.9%
2008 35.8% 53.2% 41% 50.8%
2007 37.7% 64.4% 38.7% 43.2%
2006 34.7% 65.6% 38.4% 42.1%
2005 37.3% 80.5% 38.4% 41%
2004 36.6% 86% 38% 39.8%
2003 36% 94.6% 37.2% 36.8%
2002 32.9% 91.3% 35.9% 35.4%
2001 32.1% 89.7% 34.7% 35%
2000 33.1% 85.6% 33.9% 37.7%
1999 32.7% 98.1% 33.9% 40.4%
1998 34.9% 99.8% 34.5% 42%
1997 33.9% 98.1% 34.9% 44.1%
1996 36.2% 104.9% 35.7% 43.7%
1995 35.5% 106.1% 37.6% 43.7%
1994 34.3% 116.2% 37.5% 40.7%
1993 36.4% 126.6% 37.8% 38%
1992 35.5% 139.6% 37.8% 33.2%
1991 44.9% 187% 35.9% 28.5%
1990 44% 204.8% 35% 28.5%
1989 42.5% 195.4% 39.7% 31.4%
1988 44.3% 129.3% 40.3% 36.6%
1987 42.1% 101.9% 42.7% 41.8%
1986 33.8% 84.3% 44.6% 42.9%
1985 42.4% 85.2% 48.7% 42.9%
1984 - - 50.3% 44.1%
1983 - - 50.4% 44.2%
1982 - - 50.8% 44.7%
1981 - - 51.2% 41.1%
1980 - - 47.6% 43.7%
1979 - - 45.1% 44.5%
1978 - - 46.2% 47.3%
1977 - - 46.8% 53.7%
1976 - - 49.2% 47.7%
1975 - - 49.1% 49.6%
1974 - - 47.8% 56.2%
1973 - - 43.5% 58.5%
1972 - - 42.3% 65%
1971 - - 41.2% 67.9%
1970 - - 42% 73.4%
1969 - - 39.2% 82.8%
1968 - - 40.3% 88.5%
1967 - - 40.1% 89.1%
1966 - - 35.7% 91.9%
1965 - - 34.6% 94.6%
1964 - - 32.8% 101.1%
1963 - - 37.4% 108.6%
1962 - - 33.8% 110.5%
1961 - - 31.5% 113.8%
1960 - - 33.1% 117.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/jordan/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Jordan's government spending was $17.6B, accounting for 33% of its GDP, while the United Kingdom spent $1.62T, or 44% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 90.2% in Jordan and 101.2% in the United Kingdom, ranking 32/185 and 22/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Jordan

United Kingdom
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Jordan United Kingdom
2024 -7.33% -5.75%
2023 -6.89% -6.05%
2022 -6.8% -4.56%
2021 -8.45% -7.72%
2020 -10.1% -13.2%
2019 -7.19% -2.47%
2018 -5.78% -2.27%
2017 -3.61% -2.49%
2016 -3.71% -3.31%
2015 -7.1% -4.59%
2014 -15.5% -5.53%
2013 -16.1% -5.34%
2012 -13.8% -7.45%
2011 -5.61% -7.38%
2010 -5.43% -9.22%
2009 -8.66% -10.1%
2008 -5.38% -5.09%
2007 -5.45% -2.65%
2006 -3.82% -2.76%
2005 -5.36% -3.15%
2004 -1.09% -3.16%
2003 -2.52% -3.22%
2002 -4.44% -1.96%
2001 -2.77% 0.34%
2000 -3.99% 1.4%
1999 -2.69% 0.76%
1998 -5.4% -0.21%
1997 -2.97% -2.01%
1996 -3.25% -3.65%
1995 -1.72% -4.99%
1994 -2.3% -5.74%
1993 -2.14% -6.62%
1992 1.87% -5.41%
1991 -10.2% -2.77%
1990 -7.45% -1.54%
1989 -6.89% 0.77%
1988 -13% 0.46%
1987 -13.4% -1.79%
1986 -2.39% -2.56%
1985 -6.9% -5.57%
1984 - -6.39%
1983 - -6.26%
1982 - -5.66%
1981 - -7.03%
1980 - -5.65%
1979 - -5.79%
1978 - -6.63%
1977 - -4.41%
1976 - -5.61%
1975 - -5.08%
1974 - -4.06%
1973 - -4.29%
1972 - -1.66%
1971 - 1.48%
1970 - 2.61%
1969 - 1.03%
1968 - -2.3%
1967 - -4.57%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.06%
1964 - -1.76%
1963 - -5.47%
1962 - -0.49%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.75%
1959 - -0.58%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - -1.04%
1956 - 0.55%
1955 - -0.39%
1954 - -1.65%
1953 - -2.84%
1952 - -1.26%
1951 - 2.03%
1950 - 0.34%
1949 - 3.01%
1948 - -0.39%
1947 - -15.8%
1946 - -22.5%
1945 - -30.9%
1944 - -29.7%
1943 - -33.3%
1942 - -31.6%
1941 - -32%
1940 - -12.1%
1939 - -2.99%
1938 - 0%
1937 - 0.82%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 0.37%
1934 - 0.48%
1933 - 0.99%
1932 - -0.15%
1931 - 0.8%
1930 - 1.01%
1929 - 0.75%
1928 - 1.75%
1927 - 1.62%
1926 - 0.6%
1925 - 0.84%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - 2.23%
1922 - 2.45%
1921 - 1.15%
1920 - 4.2%
1919 - -6.28%
1918 - -34.4%
1917 - -48.8%
1916 - -50.6%
1915 - -30%
1914 - -14.6%
1913 - 0.25%
1912 - 0.22%
1911 - 0.51%
1910 - 1.75%
1909 - -1.25%
1908 - 0.34%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.58%
1905 - 0.36%
1904 - 0.2%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.77%
1901 - -2.74%
1900 - -2.96%
1899 - -0.79%
1898 - 0.01%
1897 - 0.25%
1896 - 0.17%
1895 - 0.3%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - -0.007%
1892 - 0.14%
1891 - 0.19%
1890 - 0.23%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - 0.27%
1887 - 0.25%
1886 - 0.07%
1885 - -0.21%
1884 - -0.04%
1883 - 0.06%
1882 - 0.02%
1881 - 0.06%
1880 - 0.1%
1879 - -0.86%
1878 - -0.18%
1877 - -0.18%
1876 - 0.09%
1875 - 0%
1874 - 0.09%
1873 - 0%
1872 - 0.55%
1871 - 0.29%
1870 - 0%
1869 - 0.77%
1868 - -0.45%
1867 - -0.45%
1866 - 0.11%
1865 - 0%
1864 - 0.24%
1863 - 0%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.4%
1860 - -0.43%
1859 - 0%
1858 - -0.15%
1857 - -0.15%
1856 - -0.6%
1855 - -3.57%
1854 - -3.39%
1853 - 0.5%
1852 - 0.35%
1851 - 0.35%
1850 - 0.37%
1849 - 0.34%
1848 - -0.17%
1847 - -6.13%
1846 - 0.52%
1845 - 0.56%
1844 - 0.59%
1843 - 0.44%
1842 - -0.87%
1841 - -0.42%
1840 - -0.2%
1839 - -0.18%
1838 - -0.19%
1837 - -0.21%
1836 - 0.59%
1835 - 0.42%
1834 - 0.23%
1833 - 0.24%
1832 - 0%
1831 - 0%
1830 - 0.45%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/jordan/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Jordan's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3.91B, equivalent to 7.33% of GDP. This compares to the United Kingdom's deficit of $212B, or 5.75% of GDP.

Over the past 40 years, Jordan recorded a fiscal deficit in 39 of those years, while the United Kingdom ran a deficit in 35 years. On average, Jordan posted an annual deficit equal to 6.14% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.96% of GDP for the United Kingdom.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Jordan

United Kingdom
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Jordan United Kingdom
2024 1.56% 3.27%
2023 2.08% 6.79%
2022 4.23% 7.92%
2021 1.35% 2.52%
2020 0.33% 0.99%
2019 0.76% 1.74%
2018 4.46% 2.29%
2017 3.32% 2.56%
2016 -0.78% 1.01%
2015 -0.88% 0.37%
2014 2.9% 1.45%
2013 4.82% 2.29%
2012 4.52% 2.57%
2011 4.16% 3.86%
2010 4.85% 2.49%
2009 -0.74% 1.96%
2008 14% 3.52%
2007 4.74% 2.39%
2006 6.25% 2.46%
2005 3.49% 2.09%
2004 3.36% 1.39%
2003 1.63% 1.38%
2002 1.83% 1.52%
2001 1.77% 1.53%
2000 0.67% 1.18%
1999 0.61% 1.75%
1998 3.09% 1.82%
1997 3.04% 2.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/jordan/united-kingdom | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Jordan has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.91%, compared with 2.4% in the United Kingdom. In 2024, inflation was 1.56% in Jordan and 3.27% in the United Kingdom.

Top exports between countries

Jordan
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $54.6M
Raw agricultural goods $14.4M
Machinery & equipment $6.07M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.36M
Chemicals & pharma $1.71M
Raw materials & minerals $1.52M
Metals $1.16M
Miscellaneous $979K
Wood & paper products $344K
Precious metals & jewellery $71K
United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $414M
Chemicals & pharma $53.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $26.2M
Wood & paper products $15.5M
Animal & marine products $12.9M
Textiles & consumer goods $12.8M
Metals $6.22M
Precious metals & jewellery $3.77M
Raw materials & minerals $2.58M
Raw agricultural goods $2.39M

Balance of trade

Jordan United Kingdom
Current account balance
-$3.13B
2024
-$80.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
158/190
2024
189/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-5.86%
2024
-2.19%
2024
Goods imports
$23.9B
2024
$763B
2024
Goods exports
$13.3B
2024
$494B
2024
Service imports
$6.5B
2024
$411B
2024
Service exports
$9.45B
2024
$648B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
57.1%
2024
31.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
42.6%
2024
31%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Jordan United Kingdom
Economic freedom 59.3 70.4
Economic freedom ranking 104/197 35/197
Property rights 52.3 93.6
Government integrity 51 83
Judicial effectiveness 44 83.1
Tax burden 84.1 61.7
Government spending 67.2 41.1
Fiscal health 5.2 32.4
Business freedom 62.7 83.6
Labor freedom 51.3 61.2
Monetary freedom 81.2 71.9
Trade freedom 82 82.8
Investment freedom 70 70
Financial freedom 60 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Jordan
United Kingdom
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Jordan United Kingdom
2026 59.3 70.4
2025 59.4 69.3
2024 58.3 68.6
2023 58.8 69.9
2022 60.1 72.7
2021 64.6 78.4
2020 66 79.3
2019 66.5 78.9
2018 64.9 78
2017 66.7 76.4
2016 68.3 76.4
2015 69.3 75.8
2014 69.2 74.9
2013 70.4 74.8
2012 69.9 74.1
2011 68.9 74.5
2010 66.1 76.5
2009 65.4 79
2008 64.1 79.4
2007 64.5 79.9
2006 63.7 80.4
2005 66.7 79.2
2004 66.1 77.7
2003 65.3 77.5
2002 66.2 78.5
2001 68.3 77.6
2000 67.5 77.3
1999 67.4 76.2
1998 66.8 76.5
1997 63.6 76.4
1996 60.8 76.4
1995 62.7 77.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/jordan/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Jordan is 59.3, ranking 104/197, compared to 70.4 for the United Kingdom, ranking 35/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Jordan United Kingdom
Services, % of GDP
60.4%
2024
72.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.1%
2024
17.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.07%
2024
0.64%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$51.2B
2024
$3.42T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$10,570
2024
$61,460
2024
Total reserves including gold
$21.9B
2024
$175B
2024
Total reserves ranking
60/177
2024
19/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.58B
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.63B
2024
-$13B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$54.1M
2024
-$72.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
8.64%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.2%
2020
18.6%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
25.2%
2021
19.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jordan/united-kingdom | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.