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Economy of Jordan vs New Zealand compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Jordan has a GDP of $61.6B compared to $264B for New Zealand, ranking 90/197 and 53/197 by economy size, respectively.

Jordan has $51B in government debt (82.8% of GDP), compared to $145B (54.7% of GDP) in New Zealand.

Jordan vs New Zealand GDP by year

Jordan
New Zealand
1x
Year GDP, current $
Jordan New Zealand
2025 $61,610,052,535 $264,057,413,740
2024 $58,618,380,563 $261,497,198,364
2023 $56,123,472,113 $256,372,177,758
2022 $53,516,930,141 $249,723,029,451
2021 $50,702,940,986 $253,732,493,988
2020 $47,931,770,986 $213,318,129,989
2019 $48,640,273,803 $213,088,034,258
2018 $47,435,850,423 $211,726,161,989
2017 $45,535,614,366 $206,561,943,051
2016 $43,688,498,732 $188,980,351,891
2015 $42,394,049,296 $178,147,457,243
2014 $40,535,098,592 $201,435,445,068
2013 $37,873,362,958 $190,943,478,290
2012 $34,854,017,887 $176,508,049,114
2011 $32,640,291,549 $168,458,838,711
2010 $30,202,773,521 $146,887,902,524
2009 $27,462,496,197 $121,663,439,315
2008 $25,651,620,831 $133,437,126,590
2007 $17,110,437,236 $137,188,946,866
2006 $15,056,981,664 $111,538,810,713
2005 $12,588,998,590 $114,720,129,550
2004 $11,411,706,629 $103,905,210,084
2003 $10,195,627,645 $88,250,885,550
2002 $9,582,510,578 $66,627,729,311
2001 $8,975,814,653 $53,872,425,917
2000 $8,460,789,845 $52,623,281,957
1999 $8,149,929,478 $58,762,260,626
1998 $7,912,270,804 $56,227,169,851
1997 $7,245,839,210 $66,075,143,415
1996 $6,927,503,526 $70,140,835,299
1995 $6,727,597,032 $63,918,703,507
1994 $6,236,295,978 $55,314,732,279
1993 $5,606,400,222 $46,775,620,817
1992 $5,310,833,194 $41,649,829,860
1991 $4,344,467,193 $42,745,329,732
1990 $4,160,087,508 $45,495,129,385
1989 $4,221,373,674 $43,920,222,525
1988 $6,277,451,829 $45,176,811,594
1987 $6,756,209,762 $40,376,354,070
1986 $6,402,050,485 $30,604,668,357
1985 $4,993,601,520 $24,679,795,396
1984 $4,967,162,160 $21,665,975,319
1983 $4,920,692,191 $24,309,279,706
1982 $4,681,240,993 $24,164,603,059
1981 $4,383,944,703 $24,417,617,184
1980 $3,910,044,474 $23,244,547,385
1979 $3,271,368,781 $20,731,243,113
1978 $2,602,208,589 $18,530,518,395
1977 $2,096,778,602 $15,446,825,318
1976 $1,708,521,219 $13,604,832,424
1975 $1,363,073,498 $12,861,983,284
1974 $1,197,483,949 $13,940,981,798
1973 $943,783,840 $12,802,281,898
1972 $788,479,685 $9,567,331,065
1971 $678,159,729 $7,911,136,757
1970 $639,519,744 $6,495,605,331
1969 $698,879,720 $5,814,357,709
1968 $561,119,776 $5,228,045,415
1967 $631,679,747 $6,016,017,227
1966 $657,999,737 $5,917,437,693
1965 $599,759,760 $5,706,251,400
1964 - $7,340,766,415
1963 - $6,699,741,645
1962 - $6,133,158,532
1961 - $5,721,994,864
1960 - $5,536,098,360

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jordan/new-zealand | CC BY

GDP per capita in Jordan vs New Zealand by year

Jordan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
New Zealand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Jordan New Zealand
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $5,348 - $49,591 -
2024 $5,074 $10,821 $49,432 $55,551
2023 $4,906 $10,412 $49,302 $54,697
2022 $4,754 $9,927 $49,142 $54,034
2021 $4,582 $9,182 $49,902 $48,249
2020 $4,411 $9,579 $42,055 $45,513
2019 $4,558 $9,429 $42,872 $45,278
2018 $4,534 $9,042 $43,204 $42,527
2017 $4,449 $9,266 $42,912 $42,244
2016 $4,366 $8,748 $40,088 $39,989
2015 $4,442 $8,967 $38,649 $37,513
2014 $4,611 $9,145 $44,600 $37,331
2013 $4,739 $9,817 $42,985 $36,263
2012 $4,594 $9,739 $40,042 $33,055
2011 $4,363 $9,632 $38,426 $32,739
2010 $4,139 $9,417 $33,762 $31,305
2009 $3,845 $9,291 $28,277 $30,746
2008 $3,670 $8,983 $31,325 $29,896
2007 $2,506 $8,416 $32,480 $29,331
2006 $2,343 $8,046 $26,655 $27,732
2005 $2,088 $7,697 $27,751 $25,677
2004 $1,940 $7,074 $25,420 $25,124
2003 $1,776 $6,500 $21,914 $23,996
2002 $1,706 $6,256 $16,874 $23,306
2001 $1,632 $5,948 $13,883 $22,511
2000 $1,571 $5,641 $13,641 $21,500
1999 $1,545 $5,402 $15,322 $20,579
1998 $1,532 $5,264 $14,738 $19,323
1997 $1,436 $5,171 $17,474 $19,100
1996 $1,410 $5,055 $18,794 $18,392
1995 $1,416 $5,027 $17,400 $17,864
1994 $1,367 $4,830 $15,280 $17,108
1993 $1,289 $4,726 $13,094 $15,900
1992 $1,287 $4,654 $11,793 $14,877
1991 $1,110 $4,195 $12,230 $14,501
1990 $1,149 $4,317 $13,663 $14,812
1989 $1,260 - $13,312 -
1988 $1,966 - $13,759 -
1987 $2,217 - $12,331 -
1986 $2,200 - $9,428 -
1985 $1,797 - $7,601 -
1984 $1,871 - $6,714 -
1983 $1,939 - $7,598 -
1982 $1,929 - $7,656 -
1981 $1,885 - $7,814 -
1980 $1,750 - $7,467 -
1979 $1,519 - $6,668 -
1978 $1,249 - $5,937 -
1977 $1,039 - $4,951 -
1976 $873 - $4,374 -
1975 $718 - $4,172 -
1974 $651 - $4,611 -
1973 $531 - $4,323 -
1972 $460 - $3,295 -
1971 $412 - $2,773 -
1970 $409 - $2,311 -
1969 $474 - $2,097 -
1968 $409 - $1,902 -
1967 $497 - $2,208 -
1966 $558 - $2,211 -
1965 $546 - $2,171 -
1964 - - $2,839 -
1963 - - $2,646 -
1962 - - $2,471 -
1961 - - $2,365 -
1960 - - $2,334 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jordan/new-zealand | CC BY

Jordan's GDP per capita is $5,348, ranking 120/197, compared to $49,591 in New Zealand, ranking 26/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Jordan ranks 131st at $10,821, while New Zealand ranks 38th at $55,551.

Economic indicators

Jordan New Zealand
Gross domestic product
$61.6B
2025
$264B
2025
GDP rank
90/197
2025
53/197
2025
GDP growth
2.83%
2024-2025
0.46%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$5,348
2025
$49,591
2025
GDP per capita rank
120/197
2025
26/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$10,821
2024
$55,551
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
131/197
2024
38/197
2024
Government debt
$51B
2025
$145B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
82.8%
2025
54.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$4,430
2025
$27,139
2025
Government debt per person rank
91/185
2025
27/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,506
2026
$36,222
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$37.4B
2025
$103B
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
5
2026
Income share by richest 10%
27.4%
2010
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
3.5%
2010
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
33.7%
2025
41.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.77%
2024-2025
2.84%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
5.75%
2025
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
16.8%
2024
5.26%
2025
Population
11538682
5380024

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Jordan
Spending

Debt
New Zealand
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Jordan New Zealand
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 33.7% 82.8% 41.6% 54.7%
2024 34.6% 82.1% 41.7% 51.4%
2023 33.9% 81% 41% 47.3%
2022 32.8% 80.7% 41.7% 46.9%
2021 33.8% 79.9% 41.8% 47.5%
2020 33% 77.9% 41.9% 43.2%
2019 32.7% 69.4% 38.7% 31.8%
2018 33.3% 67.9% 36.1% 28.1%
2017 31.7% 69.1% 35.6% 31.1%
2016 30% 70.7% 36.4% 33.4%
2015 32.3% 71.4% 37.2% 34.2%
2014 36.3% 68.2% 37.6% 34.2%
2013 34.5% 68.8% 38.6% 34.6%
2012 28.3% 64% 39.7% 35.7%
2011 29.3% 56.1% 42.3% 34.7%
2010 26.6% 53.4% 42.9% 29.6%
2009 30.7% 51.8% 40.3% 24.3%
2008 29.6% 47.9% 38.4% 19%
2007 32.4% 58.2% 37% 16.3%
2006 34% 60% 37.8% 18.4%
2005 36.6% 66.1% 37.1% 20.8%
2004 35.1% 73.8% 36.1% 22.5%
2003 35% 80.4% 36.6% 24.7%
2002 31.6% 85.9% 36.7% 26.4%
2001 30.6% 85.5% 37.2% 28.2%
2000 31.2% 89.9% 38.2% 30%
1999 31.8% 98.7% 39.2% 32%
1998 32.3% 96.3% 40.1% 34.5%
1997 30.7% 94.7% 39.3% 34.6%
1996 32.6% 101.2% 39.8% 37.3%
1995 32.1% 102.4% 41.6% 43.5%
1994 30.6% 112.1% 42.7% 48.9%
1993 32.5% 122.1% 46.7% 54.6%
1992 31.7% 134.7% 52.4% 58.7%
1991 39.6% 180.5% 52.9% 58%
1990 39.9% 197.7% 49.5% 55.5%
1989 42.5% 195.4% 47.8% 54.9%
1988 44.3% 129.3% 46.1% 54.7%
1987 42.1% 101.9% 46.1% 62.9%
1986 33.8% 84.3% 46.9% 68.5%
1985 42.4% 85.2% 46.2% 64.1%
1984 - - 40.7% 62.8%
1983 - - 41.4% 59.6%
1982 - - 39.9% 51.5%
1981 - - 39.1% 50.5%
1980 - - 38% 52.2%
1979 - - 38.4% 52%
1978 - - 36.6% 50%
1977 - - 30% 44.6%
1976 - - 31.6% 47.6%
1975 - - 30.1% 41.4%
1974 - - 27.3% 39.6%
1973 - - 27.1% 44%
1972 - - 26.4% 46%
1971 - - 26.8% 71.3%
1970 - - 24.8% 76.5%
1969 - - 25.9% 85.8%
1968 - - 26.2% 86.5%
1967 - - 26% 59.7%
1966 - - 25% 58.2%
1965 - - 24.9% 59.6%
1964 - - 19.4% 61.8%
1963 - - 19.4% 64.5%
1962 - - 21.6% 65%
1961 - - 21.1% 64.6%
1960 - - 25.3% 68.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jordan/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, Jordan's government spending was $20.8B, accounting for 33.7% of its GDP, while New Zealand spent $110B, or 41.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 82.8% in Jordan and 54.7% in New Zealand, ranking 39/185 and 91/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Jordan

New Zealand
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Jordan New Zealand
2025 -6.35% -3.86%
2024 -7.27% -3.21%
2023 -6.49% -3.22%
2022 -4.9% -3.96%
2021 -6.62% -3.35%
2020 -7.56% -4.21%
2019 -5.06% -2.44%
2018 -4.23% 1.31%
2017 -3.22% 1.38%
2016 -2.62% 0.98%
2015 -5.18% 0.37%
2014 -6.75% -0.33%
2013 -8.78% -1.28%
2012 -3.33% -2.18%
2011 -1.21% -4.94%
2010 0.19% -5.49%
2009 -2.28% -1.8%
2008 1.92% 1.48%
2007 2.76% 3.6%
2006 -1.86% 4.62%
2005 -2.2% 5.13%
2004 0.56% 4.49%
2003 -1.6% 3.69%
2002 -3.21% 2.56%
2001 -1.13% 1.29%
2000 -1.85% 0.18%
1999 -1.13% -1.1%
1998 -5.59% -0.47%
1997 -2.68% 1.24%
1996 -2.69% 2.58%
1995 -1.45% 3.7%
1994 -1.67% 2%
1993 -1.43% -1.51%
1992 2.07% -6.25%
1991 -8.1% -6.12%
1990 -6.82% -2.72%
1989 -6.89% -2.16%
1988 -13% -1.88%
1987 -13.4% -3.43%
1986 -2.39% -5.33%
1985 -6.9% -6.97%
1984 - -8.68%
1983 - -6.64%
1982 - -6.26%
1981 - -6.02%
1980 - -4.9%
1979 - -6.55%
1978 - -3.41%
1977 - -1.09%
1976 - -2.07%
1975 - 0.11%
1974 - 0.03%
1973 - -0.07%
1972 - 0.12%
1971 - 0.09%
1970 - -0.05%
1969 - 0.17%
1968 - 0.03%
1967 - 0.02%
1966 - 0.09%
1965 - 0.26%
1964 - -0.08%
1963 - -0.26%
1962 - 0.02%
1961 - 0.03%
1960 - 0.05%
1959 - 0.03%
1958 - -0.02%
1957 - 0.32%
1956 - 1.33%
1955 - 0.73%
1954 - 0.22%
1953 - 0.43%
1952 - 1.73%
1951 - 1.17%
1950 - 0.78%
1949 - 0.53%
1948 - 0.36%
1947 - 1.07%
1946 - 0.31%
1945 - 0.32%
1944 - 0.59%
1943 - 1.24%
1942 - 0.56%
1941 - 0.64%
1940 - 0.13%
1939 - 0.34%
1938 - 0.38%
1937 - 0.23%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 1.19%
1934 - -0.55%
1933 - 0.02%
1932 - -1.77%
1931 - -1.12%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.37%
1928 - 0.12%
1927 - 0.4%
1926 - 0.72%
1925 - 0.78%
1924 - 1.2%
1923 - 0.95%
1922 - -0.2%
1921 - 3.55%
1920 - 1.51%
1919 - 2.9%
1918 - 4.35%
1917 - 3.89%
1916 - 1.46%
1915 - 0.06%
1914 - 0.45%
1913 - 0.79%
1912 - 0.89%
1911 - 1.24%
1910 - 0.36%
1909 - 0.31%
1908 - 1.26%
1907 - 1.13%
1906 - 0.97%
1905 - 1.41%
1904 - 1.42%
1903 - 0.55%
1902 - 0.63%
1901 - 1.11%
1900 - 1.59%
1899 - 1.15%
1898 - 1.38%
1897 - 0.86%
1896 - 0.65%
1895 - 0.32%
1894 - 0.76%
1893 - 1.14%
1892 - 0.09%
1891 - 0.46%
1890 - 0.05%
1889 - 0.59%
1888 - -1.64%
1887 - -1.63%
1886 - -0.53%
1885 - -0.47%
1884 - -0.1%
1883 - 0.38%
1882 - 0.18%
1881 - -2.33%
1880 - -2.39%
1879 - -0.55%
1878 - -0.85%
1877 - -2.53%
1876 - -5.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jordan/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, Jordan's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3.91B, equivalent to 6.35% of GDP. This compares to New Zealand's deficit of $10.2B, or 3.86% of GDP.

Over the past 41 years, Jordan recorded a fiscal deficit in 36 of those years, while New Zealand ran a deficit in 24 years. On average, Jordan posted an annual deficit equal to 3.91% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.92% of GDP for New Zealand.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Jordan

New Zealand
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Jordan New Zealand
2025 1.77% 2.84%
2024 1.56% 2.92%
2023 2.08% 5.73%
2022 4.23% 7.17%
2021 1.35% 3.94%
2020 0.33% 1.71%
2019 0.76% 1.62%
2018 4.46% 1.6%
2017 3.32% 1.85%
2016 -0.78% 0.65%
2015 -0.88% 0.29%
2014 2.9% 1.23%
2013 4.82% 1.13%
2012 4.52% 1.06%
2011 4.16% 4.03%
2010 4.85% 2.3%
2009 -0.74% 2.12%
2008 14% 3.96%
2007 4.74% 2.38%
2006 6.25% 3.37%
2005 3.49% 3.04%
2004 3.36% 2.29%
2003 1.63% 1.75%
2002 1.83% 2.68%
2001 1.77% 2.63%
2000 0.67% 2.62%
1999 0.61% -0.11%
1998 3.09% 1.27%
1997 3.04% 1.19%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jordan/new-zealand | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Jordan has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.87%, compared with 2.39% in New Zealand. In 2025, inflation was 1.77% in Jordan and 2.84% in New Zealand.

Top exports between countries

Jordan
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $412K
Textiles & consumer goods $174K
Chemicals & pharma $85K
Raw materials & minerals $79K
Raw agricultural goods $50K
Machinery & equipment $18K
Animal & marine products $7K
Metals $2K
New Zealand
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $50.4M
Chemicals & pharma $531K
Miscellaneous $495K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $454K
Machinery & equipment $403K
Raw agricultural goods $325K
Transport & tourism services $300K
Metals $252K
Textiles & consumer goods $49K
Raw materials & minerals $14K

Balance of trade

Jordan New Zealand
Current account balance
-$3.13B
2024
-$9.56B
2025
Current account balance ranking
152/190
2024
174/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-5.33%
2024
-3.62%
2025
Goods imports
$23.9B
2024
$48.2B
2025
Goods exports
$13.3B
2024
$47.2B
2025
Service imports
$6.5B
2024
$20.3B
2025
Service exports
$9.45B
2024
$19.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
57.1%
2024
26%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
42.6%
2024
24.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Jordan New Zealand
Economic freedom 59.3 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 104/197 13/197
Property rights 52.3 85.4
Government integrity 51 90
Judicial effectiveness 44 95.9
Tax burden 84.1 66.1
Government spending 67.2 48
Fiscal health 5.2 72.2
Business freedom 62.7 89.1
Labor freedom 51.3 68.6
Monetary freedom 81.2 77.4
Trade freedom 82 90.6
Investment freedom 70 70
Financial freedom 60 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Jordan
New Zealand
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Jordan New Zealand
2026 59.3 77.8
2025 59.4 78.1
2024 58.3 77.8
2023 58.8 78.9
2022 60.1 80.6
2021 64.6 83.9
2020 66 84.1
2019 66.5 84.4
2018 64.9 84.2
2017 66.7 83.7
2016 68.3 81.6
2015 69.3 82.1
2014 69.2 81.2
2013 70.4 81.4
2012 69.9 82.1
2011 68.9 82.3
2010 66.1 82.1
2009 65.4 82
2008 64.1 80.7
2007 64.5 81.4
2006 63.7 82
2005 66.7 82.3
2004 66.1 81.5
2003 65.3 81.1
2002 66.2 80.7
2001 68.3 81.1
2000 67.5 80.9
1999 67.4 81.7
1998 66.8 79.2
1997 63.6 79
1996 60.8 78.1
1995 62.7 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jordan/new-zealand | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Jordan is 59.3, ranking 104/197, compared to 77.8 for New Zealand, ranking 13/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Jordan New Zealand
Services, % of GDP
56.8%
2025
68.2%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
27.4%
2025
19.4%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.56%
2025
4.01%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$60.6B
2025
$248B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$12,440
2025
$53,600
2025
Total reserves including gold
$26.6B
2025
$28.2B
2025
Total reserves ranking
61/177
2025
59/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.58B
2024
-$3.58B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.63B
2024
$1.76B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$54.1M
2024
$882M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7.85%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.2%
2020
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23%
2021
23.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jordan/new-zealand | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.