Liberia has a GDP of $4.75B compared to $24.3B for Malta, ranking 163/197 and 120/197 by economy size, respectively.
Liberia has $2.68B in government debt (56.5% of GDP), compared to $11.8B (49.3% of GDP) in Malta.
The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.
| Year | GDP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberia
|
Malta
|
|||
| Current $ | Constant $ | Current $ | Constant $ | |
| 1960 | $190,495,600 | $2,785,350,370 | - | - |
| 1961 | $183,920,900 | $2,853,312,513 | - | - |
| 1962 | $191,861,800 | $2,891,678,327 | - | - |
| 1963 | $200,229,600 | $2,957,448,412 | - | - |
| 1964 | $218,929,100 | $3,109,815,009 | - | - |
| 1965 | $229,260,800 | $3,258,892,895 | - | - |
| 1966 | $244,459,500 | $3,509,914,204 | - | - |
| 1967 | $261,024,300 | $3,746,685,675 | - | - |
| 1968 | $276,820,700 | $3,925,360,308 | - | - |
| 1969 | $306,961,800 | $4,211,459,134 | - | - |
| 1970 | $323,099,700 | $4,492,076,772 | $250,728,796 | $948,271,467 |
| 1971 | $341,543,100 | $4,712,405,513 | $264,578,485 | $971,541,988 |
| 1972 | $368,098,000 | $4,907,522,458 | $295,106,628 | $1,028,263,786 |
| 1973 | $386,968,300 | $4,796,809,969 | $345,616,106 | $1,070,897,026 |
| 1974 | $486,955,000 | $5,024,811,956 | $376,081,124 | $1,178,376,577 |
| 1975 | $577,549,300 | $4,850,521,857 | $474,618,321 | $1,408,867,989 |
| 1976 | $596,675,700 | $5,108,120,174 | $527,936,989 | $1,648,616,316 |
| 1977 | $673,010,600 | $5,189,236,333 | $625,563,171 | $1,849,486,528 |
| 1978 | $717,240,400 | $5,439,161,405 | $793,673,402 | $2,055,910,645 |
| 1979 | $814,067,900 | $5,616,740,217 | $1,001,288,847 | $2,271,591,567 |
| 1980 | $854,711,500 | $5,386,545,754 | $1,250,198,601 | $2,431,732,213 |
| 1981 | $846,514,500 | $5,271,448,731 | $1,243,509,394 | $2,512,265,398 |
| 1982 | $863,933,200 | $5,143,197,692 | $1,234,474,404 | $2,569,656,902 |
| 1983 | $823,374,900 | $5,045,638,801 | $1,165,729,707 | $2,553,920,578 |
| 1984 | $848,478,300 | $4,939,311,263 | $1,101,807,023 | $2,577,987,983 |
| 1985 | $851,296,100 | $4,897,657,154 | $1,117,797,439 | $2,644,636,182 |
| 1986 | $840,964,400 | $4,815,445,174 | $1,435,038,441 | $2,747,385,323 |
| 1987 | $972,800,000 | $4,767,213,639 | $1,751,293,461 | $2,860,316,993 |
| 1988 | $1,038,300,000 | $4,669,871,991 | $2,019,503,068 | $3,100,990,824 |
| 1989 | $786,300,000 | $3,424,489,545 | $2,118,655,677 | $3,354,624,138 |
| 1990 | $384,400,000 | $1,676,942,910 | $2,547,328,748 | $3,565,676,657 |
| 1991 | $348,000,000 | $1,438,394,192 | $2,750,216,747 | $3,788,762,970 |
| 1992 | $223,500,000 | $933,723,839 | $3,021,942,759 | $3,966,491,271 |
| 1993 | $160,400,000 | $625,824,712 | $2,709,193,538 | $4,144,219,794 |
| 1994 | $132,200,000 | $489,630,571 | $2,998,505,428 | $4,378,413,969 |
| 1995 | $134,800,000 | $468,741,927 | $3,709,360,097 | $4,656,114,550 |
| 1996 | $159,400,000 | $525,559,091 | $3,822,489,746 | $4,831,991,626 |
| 1997 | $295,900,000 | $1,084,122,317 | $3,787,070,704 | $5,086,008,503 |
| 1998 | $359,600,000 | $1,411,615,368 | $4,010,092,091 | $5,346,697,004 |
| 1999 | $441,800,000 | $1,718,520,972 | $4,111,891,845 | $5,599,059,817 |
| 2000 | $874,000,000 | $2,210,291,804 | $4,036,809,865 | $6,701,025,856 |
| 2001 | $906,000,000 | $2,274,838,397 | $4,070,867,153 | $6,650,321,027 |
| 2002 | $927,000,000 | $2,360,440,967 | $4,455,127,398 | $6,832,614,316 |
| 2003 | $748,000,000 | $1,648,882,905 | $5,418,315,225 | $7,085,028,943 |
| 2004 | $897,000,000 | $1,692,081,112 | $6,104,141,501 | $7,113,876,329 |
| 2005 | $949,000,000 | $1,781,443,511 | $6,393,234,965 | $7,318,803,721 |
| 2006 | $1,119,000,000 | $1,924,741,223 | $6,749,838,862 | $7,489,779,959 |
| 2007 | $1,373,000,000 | $2,108,270,598 | $7,908,412,374 | $7,867,015,006 |
| 2008 | $1,726,000,000 | $2,258,921,103 | $9,135,419,490 | $8,213,960,298 |
| 2009 | $1,768,000,000 | $2,378,656,131 | $8,734,745,632 | $8,099,347,414 |
| 2010 | $1,998,000,000 | $2,523,749,999 | $9,097,044,182 | $8,601,291,930 |
| 2011 | $2,398,000,000 | $2,730,716,886 | $9,789,361,705 | $8,686,613,622 |
| 2012 | $2,791,614,000 | $2,949,005,327 | $9,609,532,106 | $9,042,989,790 |
| 2013 | $3,177,198,100 | $3,205,193,908 | $10,796,782,634 | $9,611,949,002 |
| 2014 | $3,225,652,000 | $3,227,674,917 | $11,888,032,862 | $10,345,449,266 |
| 2015 | $3,227,075,700 | $3,227,075,700 | $11,340,795,033 | $11,340,795,033 |
| 2016 | $3,398,419,600 | $3,176,896,008 | $12,025,782,885 | $11,803,240,820 |
| 2017 | $3,390,703,400 | $3,254,893,759 | $14,161,366,733 | $13,334,371,306 |
| 2018 | $3,422,754,800 | $3,292,571,599 | $16,153,779,511 | $14,292,992,132 |
| 2019 | $3,319,596,500 | $3,211,334,058 | $16,337,793,531 | $14,876,818,843 |
| 2020 | $3,176,126,300 | $3,115,556,300 | $16,409,900,599 | $14,377,204,308 |
| 2021 | $3,513,049,500 | $3,270,920,146 | $19,723,563,355 | $16,289,342,191 |
| 2022 | $4,001,047,000 | $3,428,189,426 | $19,239,187,084 | $16,984,786,096 |
| 2023 | $4,390,000,000 | $3,588,757,485 | $22,210,718,401 | $18,139,125,340 |
| 2024 | $4,750,000,000 | $3,760,763,574 | $24,322,006,608 | $19,221,900,877 |
Economic indicators
|
Liberia
|
Malta
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$4.75B
2024 |
$24.3B
2024 |
| GDP rank |
163/197
2024 |
120/197
2024 |
| GDP growth |
8.2%
2023-2024 |
9.51%
2023-2024 |
| GDP per capita |
$846
2024 |
$42,347
2024 |
| GDP per capita rank |
185/197
2024 |
28/197
2024 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$1,885
2024 |
$67,364
2024 |
| Government debt |
$2.68B
2024 |
$11.8B
2024 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
56.5%
2025 |
49.3%
2025 |
| Government debt per person |
$478
2024 |
$20,574
2024 |
| Government debt per person rank |
167/185
2024 |
30/185
2024 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$1,418
2025 |
$21,451
2025 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies | n/a |
$4.29B
2024 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
27.1%
2016 |
27.7%
2022 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.9%
2016 |
2.7%
2022 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
22.4%
2025 |
36.3%
2025 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
9.8%
2024-2025 |
1.65%
2023-2024 |
| Unemployment rate |
5.93%
2017 |
3.12%
2024 |
| Population |
5829811
|
583596
|
GDP per capita in Liberia vs Malta
Liberia's GDP per capita is $846, ranking 185/197, compared to $42,347 in Malta, ranking 28/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Liberia ranks 187th at $1,885, while Malta ranks 25th at $67,364.
| Year | Current $ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Liberia
|
Malta
|
|||
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 1960 | $167.2 | - | - | - |
| 1961 | $157.5 | - | - | - |
| 1962 | $160.3 | - | - | - |
| 1963 | $163.1 | - | - | - |
| 1964 | $173.9 | - | - | - |
| 1965 | $177.6 | - | - | - |
| 1966 | $184.6 | - | - | - |
| 1967 | $192.2 | - | - | - |
| 1968 | $198.6 | - | - | - |
| 1969 | $214.7 | - | - | - |
| 1970 | $220.3 | - | $828 | - |
| 1971 | $227.1 | - | $874 | - |
| 1972 | $238.6 | - | $976 | - |
| 1973 | $244.4 | - | $1,144 | - |
| 1974 | $299.4 | - | $1,245 | - |
| 1975 | $346 | - | $1,560 | - |
| 1976 | $347 | - | $1,727 | - |
| 1977 | $381 | - | $2,038 | - |
| 1978 | $394 | - | $2,559 | - |
| 1979 | $435 | - | $3,196 | - |
| 1980 | $443 | - | $3,948 | - |
| 1981 | $426 | - | $3,898 | - |
| 1982 | $422 | - | $3,788 | - |
| 1983 | $391 | - | $3,527 | - |
| 1984 | $390 | - | $3,333 | - |
| 1985 | $380 | - | $3,322 | - |
| 1986 | $364 | - | $4,195 | - |
| 1987 | $409 | - | $5,084 | - |
| 1988 | $424 | - | $5,814 | - |
| 1989 | $312 | - | $6,041 | - |
| 1990 | $172.9 | $787 | $7,192 | $10,079 |
| 1991 | $177.9 | $793 | $7,559 | $10,777 |
| 1992 | $107.8 | $497 | $8,220 | $11,421 |
| 1993 | $74.4 | $328 | $7,296 | $12,095 |
| 1994 | $61.5 | $262.6 | $8,000 | $12,929 |
| 1995 | $62.1 | $254.4 | $9,828 | $13,940 |
| 1996 | $71.4 | $282.2 | $10,062 | $14,655 |
| 1997 | $122.6 | $548 | $9,893 | $15,462 |
| 1998 | $134.7 | $652 | $10,408 | $16,218 |
| 1999 | $156.6 | $762 | $10,609 | $16,899 |
| 2000 | $298.5 | $965 | $10,348 | $18,211 |
| 2001 | $300 | $987 | $10,358 | $18,437 |
| 2002 | $299.5 | $1,013 | $11,251 | $19,532 |
| 2003 | $239.8 | $716 | $13,594 | $20,815 |
| 2004 | $284.1 | $745 | $15,212 | $21,569 |
| 2005 | $287.5 | $774 | $15,831 | $22,227 |
| 2006 | $321 | $815 | $16,654 | $23,224 |
| 2007 | $374 | $873 | $19,444 | $25,013 |
| 2008 | $452 | $915 | $22,315 | $26,654 |
| 2009 | $448 | $939 | $21,176 | $26,768 |
| 2010 | $492 | $980 | $21,947 | $28,912 |
| 2011 | $568 | $1,041 | $23,517 | $29,426 |
| 2012 | $638 | $1,157 | $22,878 | $30,716 |
| 2013 | $711 | $1,360 | $25,416 | $33,138 |
| 2014 | $707 | $1,419 | $27,425 | $35,206 |
| 2015 | $693 | $1,340 | $25,530 | $38,379 |
| 2016 | $715 | $1,490 | $26,459 | $40,999 |
| 2017 | $699 | $1,665 | $30,317 | $45,763 |
| 2018 | $692 | $1,800 | $33,382 | $48,177 |
| 2019 | $658 | $1,900 | $32,422 | $51,392 |
| 2020 | $617 | $1,660 | $31,834 | $49,988 |
| 2021 | $668 | $1,539 | $38,065 | $56,805 |
| 2022 | $745 | $1,692 | $36,224 | $60,489 |
| 2023 | $799 | $1,795 | $40,182 | $63,085 |
| 2024 | $846 | $1,885 | $42,347 | $67,364 |
Spending and national debt comparison
In 2024, Liberia's government spending was $1.04B, accounting for 22.4% of its GDP, while Malta's spent $9.04B, or 36.3% of GDP.
Debt-to-GDP ratio is 56.5% in Liberia and 49.3% in Malta, ranking 93/185 and 112/185, respectively.
| Year | % of GDP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Liberia
|
Malta
|
|||
| Government spending | Government debt | Government spending | Government debt | |
| 1995 | - | - | - | 45.3% |
| 1996 | - | - | - | 51.5% |
| 1997 | - | - | - | 60.8% |
| 1998 | - | - | - | 66.4% |
| 1999 | - | - | - | 69.8% |
| 2000 | 15.2% | 489% | 42.9% | 64.4% |
| 2001 | 12.6% | 484% | 44.4% | 70% |
| 2002 | 13.2% | 481% | 43.6% | 65.1% |
| 2003 | 9.85% | 658% | 45.6% | 68.6% |
| 2004 | 12.1% | 543% | 42% | 70.4% |
| 2005 | 12.8% | 535% | 42.5% | 70.2% |
| 2006 | 11.1% | 472% | 42.5% | 64.5% |
| 2007 | 17.2% | 394% | 41.2% | 62% |
| 2008 | 21.6% | 233.1% | 42.1% | 61.5% |
| 2009 | 23.7% | 130.9% | 41.1% | 66% |
| 2010 | 25.2% | 25.6% | 40.1% | 65% |
| 2011 | 30.1% | 22.7% | 41.5% | 68.9% |
| 2012 | 30.8% | 20.5% | 41.7% | 65.6% |
| 2013 | 27.4% | 20.6% | 40.1% | 64.9% |
| 2014 | 33.4% | 24.3% | 39.6% | 60.7% |
| 2015 | 37.1% | 24.8% | 37.8% | 55% |
| 2016 | 35.8% | 28.6% | 35.5% | 53.1% |
| 2017 | 35.1% | 31.8% | 32.7% | 45.6% |
| 2018 | 32.7% | 37.1% | 34.5% | 41.4% |
| 2019 | 32.3% | 48.6% | 34.9% | 39.2% |
| 2020 | 35.3% | 58.7% | 42.1% | 48.6% |
| 2021 | 29.8% | 53.3% | 39.5% | 49.6% |
| 2022 | 26.9% | 54.3% | 37.7% | 49.3% |
| 2023 | 27.2% | 58.8% | 36.5% | 47.7% |
| 2024 | 21.9% | 56.5% | 37.2% | 48.6% |
| 2025 | 22.4% | 56.5% | 36.3% | 49.3% |
Government deficit by year
In 2024, Liberia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$128M, equivalent to -2.69% of GDP. This compares to Malta's deficit of -$922M, or -3.79% of GDP.
Over the past 25 years, Liberia recorded a fiscal deficit in 20 of those years, while Malta ran a deficit in 21 years. On average, Liberia posted an annual deficit equal to -2.25% of GDP, compared to deficit of -3.24% of GDP for Malta.
| Year | Deficit/surplus, % of GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
Liberia
|
Malta
|
|
| 2000 | -0.08% | -5.83% |
| 2001 | -0.98% | -6.5% |
| 2002 | -1.63% | -5.62% |
| 2003 | 0.39% | -9.04% |
| 2004 | -0.56% | -4.28% |
| 2005 | -0.55% | -2.83% |
| 2006 | 4.42% | -2.46% |
| 2007 | 2.44% | -2.05% |
| 2008 | -2.68% | -4.06% |
| 2009 | -1.39% | -3.11% |
| 2010 | 1.17% | -2.22% |
| 2011 | -4.43% | -2.99% |
| 2012 | -2.86% | -3.31% |
| 2013 | 1.29% | -2.19% |
| 2014 | -4.92% | -1.49% |
| 2015 | -3.74% | -0.84% |
| 2016 | -3.83% | 1.1% |
| 2017 | -7.14% | 3.4% |
| 2018 | -4.7% | 1.86% |
| 2019 | -4.92% | 0.72% |
| 2020 | -4.02% | -8.72% |
| 2021 | -2.5% | -6.96% |
| 2022 | -5.33% | -5.22% |
| 2023 | -7.07% | -4.58% |
| 2024 | -2.69% | -3.79% |
| 2025 | -3.47% | -3.35% |
Inflation comparison by year
Over the past 26 years, Liberia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 10.4%, compared with 2.17% in Malta. In 2024, inflation was 9.8% in Liberia and 1.65% in Malta.
| Year | Inflation | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Liberia
|
Malta
|
Liberia
|
Malta
|
| 1996 | - | 2.05% | |
| 1997 | - | 3.11% | |
| 1998 | - | 2.39% | |
| 1999 | 2% | 2.13% | |
| 2000 | 5.3% | 2.37% | |
| 2001 | 12.1% | 2.93% | |
| 2002 | 14.2% | 2.19% | |
| 2003 | 10.3% | 1.3% | |
| 2004 | 3.6% | 2.79% | |
| 2005 | 6.9% | 3.01% | |
| 2006 | 9.5% | 2.77% | |
| 2007 | 11.4% | 1.25% | |
| 2008 | 17.5% | 4.26% | |
| 2009 | 7.4% | 2.08% | |
| 2010 | 7.3% | 1.52% | |
| 2011 | 8.5% | 2.96% | |
| 2012 | 6.8% | 2.38% | |
| 2013 | 7.6% | 1.18% | |
| 2014 | 9.9% | 0.31% | |
| 2015 | 7.7% | 1.1% | |
| 2016 | 8.8% | 0.64% | |
| 2017 | 12.4% | 1.36% | |
| 2018 | 23.5% | 1.16% | |
| 2019 | 27% | 1.64% | |
| 2020 | 17% | 0.64% | |
| 2021 | 7.8% | 1.5% | |
| 2022 | 7.6% | 6.15% | |
| 2023 | 10.1% | 5.09% | |
| 2024 | 8.2% | 1.65% | |
| 2025 | 9.8% | - | |
Top exports between countries
Balance of trade
|
Liberia
|
Malta
|
|
|---|---|---|
Current account balance
|
$64.8M
2022 |
$1.38B
2024 |
| Current account balance ranking |
71/189
2022 |
51/189
2024 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
+1.62%
2022 |
+5.69%
2024 |
| Goods imports |
$1.53B
2022 |
$7.31B
2024 |
| Goods exports |
$1.03B
2022 |
$4.58B
2024 |
| Service imports |
$434M
2022 |
$17.2B
2024 |
| Service exports |
$192M
2022 |
$24.7B
2024 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP | n/a |
106.1%
2024 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
28.5%
2025 |
123.5%
2024 |
Economic freedom indices
The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.
|
Liberia
|
Malta
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 48.5 | 66.8 |
| Economic freedom ranking | 170/197 | 54/197 |
| Property rights | 32.8 | 86.2 |
| Government integrity | 24.9 | 55 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 22.7 | 81.5 |
| Tax burden | 86 | 70 |
| Government spending | 76.6 | 57.5 |
| Fiscal health | 53.6 | 44.8 |
| Business freedom | 39 | 80.7 |
| Labor freedom | 43.5 | 65.2 |
| Monetary freedom | 70.7 | 70.5 |
| Trade freedom | 57 | 79.6 |
| Investment freedom | 55 | 60 |
| Financial freedom | 20 | 50 |
Economic freedom by year comparison
The Economic Freedom Index for Liberia is 48.5, ranking 170/197, compared to 66.8 for Malta, ranking 54/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.
| Year | Economic freedom index | |
|---|---|---|
|
Liberia
|
Malta
|
|
| 1995 | - | 56.3 |
| 1996 | - | 55.8 |
| 1997 | - | 57.9 |
| 1998 | - | 61.2 |
| 1999 | - | 59.3 |
| 2000 | - | 58.3 |
| 2001 | - | 62.9 |
| 2002 | - | 62.2 |
| 2003 | - | 61.1 |
| 2004 | - | 63.3 |
| 2005 | - | 68.9 |
| 2006 | - | 67.3 |
| 2007 | - | 66.1 |
| 2008 | - | 66 |
| 2009 | 48.1 | 66.1 |
| 2010 | 46.2 | 67.2 |
| 2011 | 46.5 | 65.7 |
| 2012 | 48.6 | 67 |
| 2013 | 49.3 | 67.5 |
| 2014 | 52.4 | 66.4 |
| 2015 | 52.7 | 66.5 |
| 2016 | 52.2 | 66.7 |
| 2017 | 49.1 | 67.7 |
| 2018 | 50.9 | 68.5 |
| 2019 | 49.7 | 68.6 |
| 2020 | 49 | 69.5 |
| 2021 | 49.2 | 70.2 |
| 2022 | 47.9 | 71.5 |
| 2023 | 49.6 | 67.5 |
| 2024 | 49.9 | 64.5 |
| 2025 | 48.5 | 66.8 |
More economic indicators
|
Liberia
|
Malta
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
42.1%
2024 |
80.8%
2024 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
23.3%
2024 |
11.4%
2024 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
33.6%
2024 |
0.21%
2024 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$4.27B
2024 |
$19.9B
2024 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$1,760
2024 |
$57,860
2024 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$600M
2022 |
$1.42B
2024 |
| Total reserves ranking |
153/177
2022 |
137/177
2024 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$960M
2022 |
-$11.6B
2024 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$747M
2024 |
$42.5B
2024 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$89.8M
2024 |
$30.9B
2024 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
3.02%
2023 |
n/a |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
50.9%
2016 |
16.7%
2021 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
n/a |
18.8%
2024 |
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GDP per capita
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.