Skip to content

Netherlands vs Tajikistan statistics compared

Updated on by Georank team

The Netherlands has a population of 18M (ranked 72/197), compared with 10.6M in Tajikistan (ranked 91/197). The Netherlands' land area is 13,000 sq mi versus 53,587 sq mi for Tajikistan (ranked 134th vs. 93rd).

By GDP, The Netherlands ranks 19/197 ($1.23T) and Tajikistan ranks 145/197 ($14.2B). By GDP per capita, The Netherlands ranks 13/197 ($68,219), while Tajikistan ranks 167/197 ($1,341).

Main facts and rankings

Netherlands Tajikistan
Population
18191638
10940854
Population rank 72/197 88/197
GDP
$1.23T
2024
$14.2B
2024
GDP rank 19/197 145/197
GDP per capita
$68,219
2024
$1,341
2024
GDP per capita rank 13/197 167/197
GDP per capita, PPP
$84,218
2024
$5,406
2024
Government debt
$531B
2024
$4.2B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
43.3%
2025
28.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$29,494
2024
$396
2024
Government debt per person rank 25/185 171/185
Average annual personal income after taxes
$45,699
2025
$2,250
2025
Land area
13,000 sq mi
2025
53,587 sq mi
2025
Population density
1,384 ppl/mi²
2024
197.6 ppl/mi²
2024
Fertility rate
1.43
2023
3.07
2023
Median age
42.4 years
2024
23 years
2024
Life expectancy
82.4 years
2025
72.1 years
2025

Netherlands and Tajikistan: Comparison Charts

Netherlands and Tajikistan economies compared

GDP
Netherlands

Tajikistan
Year GDP
Netherlands Tajikistan
1960 $13,282,979,015 -
1961 $14,599,836,396 -
1962 $15,847,582,341 -
1963 $17,193,744,109 -
1964 $20,232,048,553 -
1965 $22,721,869,808 -
1966 $24,741,480,717 -
1967 $27,143,828,099 -
1968 $30,097,635,751 -
1969 $34,086,038,090 -
1970 $38,220,884,519 -
1971 $44,644,730,576 -
1972 $54,787,070,173 -
1973 $71,946,639,603 -
1974 $87,371,810,804 -
1975 $100,397,061,694 -
1976 $109,329,386,564 -
1977 $127,203,923,857 -
1978 $156,089,077,205 -
1979 $179,933,827,310 -
1980 $195,439,301,707 -
1981 $164,375,775,854 -
1982 $158,712,765,536 -
1983 $153,671,294,109 -
1984 $144,124,462,912 -
1985 $144,057,523,222 -
1986 $201,157,708,221 -
1987 $245,406,949,521 -
1988 $262,295,966,105 -
1989 $258,716,904,292 -
1990 $318,799,003,994 $2,629,395,066
1991 $327,982,316,124 $2,536,585,366
1992 $363,497,050,125 $1,908,554,572
1993 $354,070,495,966 $1,646,623,195
1994 $379,688,232,232 $1,522,001,206
1995 $452,967,334,614 $1,231,561,860
1996 $451,372,549,020 $1,043,654,822
1997 $417,506,211,882 $921,518,033
1998 $438,612,530,549 $1,320,199,582
1999 $447,778,514,140 $1,086,612,290
2000 $417,649,282,154 $860,541,842
2001 $432,536,219,669 $1,080,772,551
2002 $475,529,972,123 $1,221,106,220
2003 $582,435,617,082 $1,555,318,261
2004 $661,224,886,143 $2,076,176,869
2005 $688,133,699,636 $2,312,352,021
2006 $737,593,995,289 $2,830,213,849
2007 $853,499,460,873 $3,719,524,541
2008 $957,901,566,041 $5,161,299,725
2009 $878,954,223,140 $4,979,472,364
2010 $852,464,982,433 $5,642,221,099
2011 $913,140,741,333 $6,522,756,255
2012 $845,689,017,066 $7,633,036,903
2013 $883,951,539,007 $8,448,411,318
2014 $901,556,501,756 $9,112,605,459
2015 $775,743,675,303 $8,271,431,485
2016 $797,163,949,290 $6,992,416,097
2017 $848,233,537,846 $7,536,402,853
2018 $929,733,599,797 $7,764,999,999
2019 $928,903,005,576 $8,300,813,599
2020 $932,560,861,701 $8,133,963,551
2021 $1,054,472,123,450 $8,937,805,347
2022 $1,046,540,797,549 $10,713,525,200
2023 $1,154,361,305,398 $12,244,169,293
2024 $1,227,543,925,316 $14,204,575,549

Netherlands and Tajikistan economies compared

GDP per capita
Netherlands

Tajikistan
Year GDP per capita
Netherlands Tajikistan
1960 $1,156 -
1961 $1,254 -
1962 $1,342 -
1963 $1,437 -
1964 $1,668 -
1965 $1,848 -
1966 $1,986 -
1967 $2,155 -
1968 $2,364 -
1969 $2,647 -
1970 $2,931 -
1971 $3,384 -
1972 $4,110 -
1973 $5,353 -
1974 $6,450 -
1975 $7,346 -
1976 $7,937 -
1977 $9,180 -
1978 $11,196 -
1979 $12,817 -
1980 $13,812 -
1981 $11,537 -
1982 $11,089 -
1983 $10,696 -
1984 $9,992 -
1985 $9,941 -
1986 $13,804 -
1987 $16,734 -
1988 $17,771 -
1989 $17,423 -
1990 $21,322 $487
1991 $21,764 $458
1992 $23,939 $338
1993 $23,156 $287.6
1994 $24,683 $261.3
1995 $29,301 $207
1996 $29,064 $172
1997 $26,745 $150.1
1998 $27,924 $213.7
1999 $28,319 $175
2000 $26,225 $136.9
2001 $26,956 $168.7
2002 $29,447 $187
2003 $35,897 $233.6
2004 $40,611 $306
2005 $42,165 $334
2006 $45,124 $401
2007 $52,101 $517
2008 $58,247 $703
2009 $53,172 $665
2010 $51,306 $737
2011 $54,702 $834
2012 $50,474 $952
2013 $52,602 $1,028
2014 $53,457 $1,082
2015 $45,794 $957
2016 $46,809 $789
2017 $49,514 $829
2018 $53,955 $834
2019 $53,555 $871
2020 $53,468 $834
2021 $60,142 $897
2022 $59,123 $1,052
2023 $64,572 $1,178
2024 $68,219 $1,341

Netherlands vs. Tajikistan life expectancy calculator

Life expectancy
Netherlands

Tajikistan
Year Life expectancy, years
Netherlands Tajikistan
1950 71.4 49.3
1951 71.5 49.6
1952 72.1 49.9
1953 71.7 50.2
1954 72.4 50.5
1955 72.5 50.8
1956 72.5 51.1
1957 73 51.4
1958 73.1 51.8
1959 73.2 52.2
1960 73.4 52.5
1961 73.6 52.9
1962 73.2 53.4
1963 73.4 53.8
1964 73.7 54.2
1965 73.6 54.7
1966 73.6 55.1
1967 73.8 55.5
1968 73.6 55.9
1969 73.6 56.3
1970 73.6 56.6
1971 73.9 56.9
1972 73.8 57.2
1973 74.2 57.4
1974 74.6 57.7
1975 74.6 57.9
1976 74.7 58.1
1977 75.3 58.2
1978 75.2 58.4
1979 75.6 58.5
1980 75.8 58.6
1981 76 58.8
1982 76.1 60.2
1983 76.3 60.5
1984 76.3 60.7
1985 76.4 61
1986 76.4 61.8
1987 76.8 61.6
1988 77 61.8
1989 76.8 61.7
1990 77 61.6
1991 77.2 61.7
1992 77.4 57.1
1993 77 55.5
1994 77.5 60.1
1995 77.6 61.4
1996 77.6 60.8
1997 77.9 61.9
1998 78 62.4
1999 78 63.1
2000 78.1 63.5
2001 78.3 64.2
2002 78.4 64.9
2003 78.7 65.9
2004 79.2 66.6
2005 79.5 66.5
2006 79.8 67
2007 80.3 67.4
2008 80.4 67.9
2009 80.7 68.2
2010 80.8 68.4
2011 81.1 68.7
2012 81.1 69.1
2013 81.3 69.6
2014 81.7 69.7
2015 81.5 69.7
2016 81.6 70
2017 81.7 70.5
2018 81.8 70.7
2019 82.1 71
2020 81.4 68.6
2021 81.4 69.6
2022 81.9 71.6
2023 82.2 71.8
2024 82.3 71.9
2025 82.4 72.1

Netherlands and Tajikistan population clocks and comparison

Population
Netherlands

Tajikistan
Year Population
Netherlands Tajikistan
1960 11,486,631 2,112,131
1961 11,638,712 2,181,805
1962 11,805,689 2,255,026
1963 11,965,966 2,331,736
1964 12,127,120 2,411,260
1965 12,294,732 2,492,998
1966 12,456,251 2,577,184
1967 12,598,201 2,664,130
1968 12,729,721 2,753,848
1969 12,877,984 2,845,273
1970 13,038,526 2,936,779
1971 13,194,497 3,028,837
1972 13,328,593 3,123,691
1973 13,439,322 3,222,290
1974 13,545,056 3,324,499
1975 13,666,335 3,430,425
1976 13,774,037 3,540,076
1977 13,856,185 3,653,265
1978 13,941,700 3,768,508
1979 14,038,270 3,882,691
1980 14,149,800 3,995,256
1981 14,247,208 4,109,022
1982 14,312,690 4,227,171
1983 14,367,070 4,350,874
1984 14,424,211 4,480,026
1985 14,491,632 4,619,003
1986 14,572,278 4,772,139
1987 14,665,037 4,939,059
1988 14,760,094 5,114,989
1989 14,848,907 5,267,249
1990 14,951,510 5,398,768
1991 15,069,798 5,541,205
1992 15,184,166 5,649,400
1993 15,290,368 5,724,993
1994 15,382,838 5,825,368
1995 15,459,006 5,948,584
1996 15,530,498 6,066,523
1997 15,610,650 6,139,829
1998 15,707,209 6,176,397
1999 15,812,088 6,208,370
2000 15,925,513 6,284,735
2001 16,046,180 6,407,377
2002 16,148,929 6,531,669
2003 16,225,302 6,658,575
2004 16,281,779 6,790,547
2005 16,319,868 6,924,720
2006 16,346,101 7,057,566
2007 16,381,696 7,194,477
2008 16,445,593 7,338,403
2009 16,530,388 7,490,230
2010 16,615,394 7,652,141
2011 16,693,074 7,824,785
2012 16,754,962 8,014,084
2013 16,804,432 8,216,724
2014 16,865,008 8,425,552
2015 16,939,923 8,643,840
2016 17,030,314 8,865,631
2017 17,131,296 9,085,946
2018 17,231,624 9,307,333
2019 17,344,874 9,529,966
2020 17,441,500 9,749,310
2021 17,533,044 9,966,908
2022 17,700,982 10,182,222
2023 17,877,117 10,389,799
2024 17,994,237 10,590,927

Fertility rates in Netherlands and Tajikistan

Fertility rate
Netherlands

Tajikistan
Year Fertility rate
Netherlands Tajikistan
1960 3.12 6.24
1961 3.22 6.35
1962 3.18 6.48
1963 3.19 6.62
1964 3.17 6.68
1965 3.04 6.74
1966 2.9 6.82
1967 2.81 6.89
1968 2.72 6.91
1969 2.75 6.91
1970 2.57 6.91
1971 2.36 6.91
1972 2.15 6.89
1973 1.9 6.84
1974 1.77 6.77
1975 1.66 6.69
1976 1.63 6.6
1977 1.58 6.49
1978 1.58 6.4
1979 1.56 6.31
1980 1.6 6.21
1981 1.56 6.12
1982 1.5 6.03
1983 1.47 5.98
1984 1.49 5.96
1985 1.51 5.94
1986 1.55 5.91
1987 1.56 5.84
1988 1.55 5.75
1989 1.55 5.61
1990 1.62 5.46
1991 1.61 5.28
1992 1.59 5.06
1993 1.57 4.92
1994 1.57 4.79
1995 1.53 4.66
1996 1.53 3.94
1997 1.56 4.06
1998 1.63 4.07
1999 1.65 3.85
2000 1.72 3.49
2001 1.71 3.49
2002 1.73 3.47
2003 1.75 3.42
2004 1.72 3.51
2005 1.71 3.4
2006 1.72 3.34
2007 1.72 3.37
2008 1.77 3.39
2009 1.79 3.43
2010 1.79 3.46
2011 1.76 3.46
2012 1.72 3.42
2013 1.68 3.43
2014 1.71 3.46
2015 1.66 3.46
2016 1.66 3.38
2017 1.62 3.29
2018 1.59 3.29
2019 1.57 3.28
2020 1.54 3.21
2021 1.62 3.17
2022 1.49 3.13
2023 1.43 3.07

Netherlands and Tajikistan demographics compared

Median age
Netherlands

Tajikistan
Year Median age, years
Netherlands Tajikistan
1960 28.8 21.6
1961 28.8 21.4
1962 28.7 20.9
1963 28.7 20.4
1964 28.6 19.6
1965 28.6 18.9
1966 28.6 18.4
1967 28.5 18.1
1968 28.6 17.9
1969 28.6 17.8
1970 28.6 17.8
1971 28.7 17.8
1972 28.9 17.8
1973 29 17.8
1974 29.3 17.8
1975 29.4 17.9
1976 29.8 17.9
1977 30.3 18
1978 30.7 18
1979 31 18.1
1980 31.3 18.1
1981 31.6 18.1
1982 31.9 18.2
1983 32.3 18.2
1984 32.6 18.2
1985 32.9 18.2
1986 33.2 18.3
1987 33.5 18.3
1988 33.8 18.3
1989 34.1 18.2
1990 34.3 18.1
1991 34.6 18
1992 34.8 17.9
1993 35.1 17.8
1994 35.4 17.7
1995 35.7 17.7
1996 36.1 17.7
1997 36.4 17.9
1998 36.7 18
1999 37 18.2
2000 37.3 18.5
2001 37.5 18.7
2002 37.8 18.9
2003 38.1 19.2
2004 38.5 19.4
2005 38.9 19.6
2006 39.3 19.8
2007 39.7 20.1
2008 40 20.4
2009 40.3 20.6
2010 40.7 20.8
2011 41 21
2012 41.3 21.2
2013 41.6 21.4
2014 41.8 21.6
2015 42 21.7
2016 42.2 21.9
2017 42.3 22
2018 42.4 22.2
2019 42.5 22.3
2020 42.5 22.5
2021 42.6 22.6
2022 42.5 22.7
2023 42.4 22.9
2024 42.4 23

Interactive Maps

Use the buttons below to switch between world maps comparing statistics for the Netherlands and Tajikistan.

GDP per capita

GDP

Life expectancy

Population

Population density

Fertility rate

Median age

Land area

National statistics comparison

Finance

Netherlands Tajikistan
GNI, Atlas method
$1.13T
2024
$17.5B
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.7%
2025
30.3%
2025
Education expenditure, % of GDP
5.18%
2022
5.44%
2023
Military expenditure, % of GDP
1.53%
2023
1.22%
2023
Armed forces personnel
41,000
2020
17,000
2020
Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
-1.9%
2025
-2.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.64%
2024
0.08%
2016
Services, % of GDP
70.3%
2024
34.7%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
33.6%
2023
Economic freedom index
78.2
2025
51.5
2025
Income share by richest 10%
21.4%
2021
28.2%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2021
2.9%
2024
Number of millionaires
1,231,625
2024
n/a
Percentage of millionaires
8.62%
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
13
2025
n/a
Percentage of billionaires
0.00009%
2025
n/a
Listed domestic companies
103
2018
n/a
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$1.1T
2017
n/a
Total reserves including gold
$79.1B
2024
$3.3B
2023
Personal remittances received
$4.72B
2024
$6.8B
2024
International tourist arrivals
7,265,000
2020
1,035,000
2018
International tourism as share of exports
1.44%
2020
7.27%
2020
Banked people share
99.2%
2024
54.5%
2024

Energy

Netherlands Tajikistan
Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita
3,418 kg
2023
375 kg
2022
GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use
$22.9
2023
$12
2022
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
122.9 megatons
2023
9.31 megatons
2023
CO2 emissions per capita
6.87 tons
2023
0.9 tons
2023
Fossil fuel energy use share
83.5%
2023
60.9%
2022
Renewable energy use share
12.2%
2021
34.9%
2021
Alternative and nuclear energy use share
9.01%
2023
44.8%
2022
Net energy imports use share
87%
2023
28%
2022
Electric power consumption per capita
6,189 kWh
2023
1,476 kWh
2022
Renewable electricity output share
33.1%
2021
93.4%
2021
Hydroelectric share
0.06%
2023
92.7%
2022
Nuclear share
3.28%
2023
0%
2021
Electricity access
100%
2023
100%
2023

Society

Netherlands Tajikistan
% of world population
0.22%
2024
0.13%
2024
Annual migration change
+121,628
2024
-21,236
2024
Urban population
93.5%
2024
28.5%
2024
Male:Female ratio
50:50
2024
50:50
2024
Average male height
6.03 ft
2025
5.52 ft
2025
Average female height
5.59 ft
2025
5.19 ft
2025
Quality of life index
92.1
2025
27.7
2025
Corruption Perceptions Index
78
2024
19
2024
Higher education index
95
2025
14
2025
Homicides per 100K people
0.69
2023
0.91
2020
Road traffic mortality per 100K people
4
2019
15.7
2019
Visa free countries
175
2025
72
2025
Adult literacy rate
99%
2003
99.7%
2010
English speaking
90.9%
2023
5%
2025
People using the Internet
97%
2023
56.8%
2023

Health

Netherlands Tajikistan
Government health expenditure per capita
$5,796
2022
$78.6
2022
Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita
$581
2022
$51.2
2022
Life expectancy
82.4 years
2025
72.1 years
2025
Foreign aid share of health expenditure
0.01%
2022
11.3%
2022
Physicians per 1,000 people
3.91
2021
2.13
2021
Age at first childbirth
30.4 years
2023
23.2 years
2017
Maternal mortality per 100K births
4
2023
14
2023
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
4
2023
27.3
2023
Obesity rate
15%
2022
24.6%
2022
Diabetes prevalence
5%
2024
8%
2024
Air quality index
77
2025
5
2025
Tobacco use prevalence
21.3%
2022
n/a
Pure alcohol consumption per capita
8.71 liters
2020
0.74 liters
2020

Territory

Netherlands Tajikistan
% of world land
0.02%
2025
0.09%
2025
Land area per capita
722 sq mi
2024
5,060 sq mi
2024
Agricultural land area
6,961 sq mi
2025
14,976 sq mi
2025
Forest area
1,437 sq mi
2025
1,648 sq mi
2025
Roads length
88,123 mi
2022
18,641 mi
2018

In-depth comparisons

Facts comparisons

Facts vs Netherlands vs Tajikistan
Afghanistan Compare Compare
Albania Compare Compare
Algeria Compare Compare
Andorra Compare Compare
Angola Compare Compare
Antigua Compare Compare
Argentina Compare Compare
Armenia Compare Compare
Australia Compare Compare
Austria Compare Compare
Azerbaijan Compare Compare
Bahamas Compare Compare
Bahrain Compare Compare
Bangladesh Compare Compare
Barbados Compare Compare
Belarus Compare Compare
Belgium Compare Compare
Belize Compare Compare
Benin Compare Compare
Bhutan Compare Compare
Bolivia Compare Compare
Bosnia Compare Compare
Botswana Compare Compare
Brazil Compare Compare
Brunei Compare Compare
Bulgaria Compare Compare
Burkina Faso Compare Compare
Burundi Compare Compare
Cambodia Compare Compare
Cameroon Compare Compare
Canada Compare Compare
Cape Verde Compare Compare
Cayman Islands Compare Compare
CAR Compare Compare
Chad Compare Compare
Chile Compare Compare
China Compare Compare
Colombia Compare Compare
Comoros Compare Compare
Congo Compare Compare
Costa Rica Compare Compare
Croatia Compare Compare
Cuba Compare Compare
Curacao Compare Compare
Cyprus Compare Compare
Czech Republic Compare Compare
DR Congo Compare Compare
Denmark Compare Compare
Djibouti Compare Compare
Dominica Compare Compare
Dominican Republic Compare Compare
East Timor Compare Compare
Ecuador Compare Compare
Egypt Compare Compare
El Salvador Compare Compare
Equatorial Guinea Compare Compare
Eritrea Compare Compare
Estonia Compare Compare
Eswatini Compare Compare
Ethiopia Compare Compare
Fiji Compare Compare
Finland Compare Compare
France Compare Compare
Gabon Compare Compare
Gambia Compare Compare
Georgia Compare Compare
Germany Compare Compare
Ghana Compare Compare
Greece Compare Compare
Grenada Compare Compare
Guatemala Compare Compare
Guinea Compare Compare
Guinea-Bissau Compare Compare
Guyana Compare Compare
Haiti Compare Compare
Honduras Compare Compare
Hungary Compare Compare
Iceland Compare Compare
India Compare Compare
Indonesia Compare Compare
Iran Compare Compare
Iraq Compare Compare
Ireland Compare Compare
Israel Compare Compare
Italy Compare Compare
Ivory Coast Compare Compare
Jamaica Compare Compare
Japan Compare Compare
Jordan Compare Compare
Kazakhstan Compare Compare
Kenya Compare Compare
Kiribati Compare Compare
Kuwait Compare Compare
Kyrgyzstan Compare Compare
Laos Compare Compare
Latvia Compare Compare
Lebanon Compare Compare
Lesotho Compare Compare
Liberia Compare Compare
Libya Compare Compare
Liechtenstein Compare Compare
Lithuania Compare Compare
Luxembourg Compare Compare
Madagascar Compare Compare
Malawi Compare Compare
Malaysia Compare Compare
Maldives Compare Compare
Mali Compare Compare
Malta Compare Compare
Marshall Islands Compare Compare
Mauritania Compare Compare
Mauritius Compare Compare
Mexico Compare Compare
Moldova Compare Compare
Monaco Compare Compare
Mongolia Compare Compare
Montenegro Compare Compare
Morocco Compare Compare
Mozambique Compare Compare
Myanmar Compare Compare
Namibia Compare Compare
Nauru Compare Compare
Nepal Compare Compare
New Zealand Compare Compare
Nicaragua Compare Compare
Niger Compare Compare
Nigeria Compare Compare
North Korea Compare Compare
North Macedonia Compare Compare
Norway Compare Compare
Oman Compare Compare
Pakistan Compare Compare
Palau Compare Compare
Palestine Compare Compare
Panama Compare Compare
Papua New Guinea Compare Compare
Paraguay Compare Compare
Peru Compare Compare
Philippines Compare Compare
Poland Compare Compare
Portugal Compare Compare
Qatar Compare Compare
Romania Compare Compare
Russia Compare Compare
Rwanda Compare Compare
Saint Kitts Compare Compare
Saint Lucia Compare Compare
Saint Vincent Compare Compare
Samoa Compare Compare
San Marino Compare Compare
Sao Tome Compare Compare
Saudi Arabia Compare Compare
Senegal Compare Compare
Serbia Compare Compare
Seychelles Compare Compare
Sierra Leone Compare Compare
Singapore Compare Compare
Slovakia Compare Compare
Slovenia Compare Compare
Solomon Islands Compare Compare
Somalia Compare Compare
South Africa Compare Compare
South Korea Compare Compare
South Sudan Compare Compare
Spain Compare Compare
Sri Lanka Compare Compare
Sudan Compare Compare
Suriname Compare Compare
Sweden Compare Compare
Switzerland Compare Compare
Syria Compare Compare
Taiwan Compare Compare
Tanzania Compare Compare
Thailand Compare Compare
Togo Compare Compare
Tonga Compare Compare
Trinidad Compare Compare
Tunisia Compare Compare
Turkey Compare Compare
Turkmenistan Compare Compare
Tuvalu Compare Compare
Uganda Compare Compare
Ukraine Compare Compare
UAE Compare Compare
United Kingdom Compare Compare
United States Compare Compare
Uruguay Compare Compare
Uzbekistan Compare Compare
Vanuatu Compare Compare
Vatican Compare Compare
Venezuela Compare Compare
Vietnam Compare Compare
Yemen Compare Compare
Zambia Compare Compare
Zimbabwe Compare Compare