Skip to content

Economy of Argentina vs Guinea-Bissau compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Argentina has a GDP of $683B compared to $2.53B for Guinea-Bissau, ranking 25/197 and 176/197 by economy size, respectively.

Argentina has $549B in government debt (80.3% of GDP), compared to $1.9B (75.3% of GDP) in Guinea-Bissau.

Argentina vs Guinea-Bissau GDP by year

Argentina
Guinea-Bissau
1x
Year GDP, current $
Argentina Guinea-Bissau
2025 $683,097,891,619 $2,527,930,273
2024 $638,365,455,340 $2,197,777,210
2023 $649,461,687,959 $2,076,748,678
2022 $633,993,756,301 $1,856,239,955
2021 $486,564,085,480 $1,907,611,288
2020 $385,740,508,437 $1,705,062,170
2019 $447,754,683,615 $1,596,214,680
2018 $524,819,892,360 $1,554,133,594
2017 $643,628,393,281 $1,469,978,606
2016 $557,532,320,663 $1,245,074,264
2015 $594,749,285,413 $1,152,384,167
2014 $526,319,673,732 $1,135,250,721
2013 $552,025,140,252 $1,109,682,824
2012 $545,982,375,701 $1,049,412,177
2011 $530,158,122,010 $1,157,074,319
2010 $423,627,422,092 $940,112,539
2009 $332,976,484,578 $890,167,833
2008 $361,558,037,110 $952,667,544
2007 $287,530,508,431 $753,162,998
2006 $232,557,260,817 $634,781,901
2005 $198,737,095,012 $639,776,041
2004 $164,657,930,453 $582,169,841
2003 $127,586,973,492 $553,614,800
2002 $97,724,004,252 $466,773,711
2001 $268,696,750,000 $412,610,872
2000 $284,203,750,000 $391,345,597
1999 $283,523,000,000 $579,365,780
1998 $298,948,250,000 $591,034,143
1997 $292,859,000,000 $698,107,222
1996 $272,149,750,000 $702,965,148
1995 $258,031,750,000 $660,195,402
1994 $257,440,000,000 $612,502,085
1993 $236,741,715,015 $615,779,519
1992 $228,778,917,308 $588,309,271
1991 $189,719,984,268 $668,470,891
1990 $141,352,654,305 $634,187,269
1989 $76,629,728,760 $554,072,303
1988 $126,890,235,049 $427,514,322
1987 $108,810,885,301 $451,893,375
1986 $105,872,372,614 $338,524,233
1985 $88,150,891,728 $373,959,151
1984 $116,915,052,107 $359,980,491
1983 $103,979,106,778 $425,225,177
1982 $84,307,486,837 $430,284,022
1981 $78,676,842,367 $402,230,865
1980 $76,961,923,741 $287,648,258
1979 $69,252,328,952 $308,143,183
1978 $89,049,453,088 $318,876,550
1977 $56,781,000,101 $298,871,675
1976 $51,169,499,892 $292,152,321
1975 $52,438,647,922 $283,311,997
1974 $72,436,777,342 $256,769,730
1973 $52,544,000,117 $232,331,281
1972 $34,733,000,536 $227,986,203
1971 $33,293,199,095 $204,167,297
1970 $31,584,210,366 $204,670,551
1969 $31,256,284,544 -
1968 $26,436,857,247 -
1967 $24,256,667,553 -
1966 $28,630,474,728 -
1965 $28,344,705,967 -
1964 $25,605,249,382 -
1963 $18,272,123,664 -
1962 $18,337,691,145 -
1961 $20,132,220,375 -
1960 $15,865,474,315 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/guinea-bissau | CC BY

GDP per capita in Argentina vs Guinea-Bissau by year

Argentina
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Guinea-Bissau
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Argentina Guinea-Bissau
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $14,898 - $1,124 -
2024 $13,970 $30,431 $998 $3,119
2023 $14,262 $30,221 $964 $2,990
2022 $13,962 $29,809 $882 $2,789
2021 $10,738 $26,300 $927 $2,523
2020 $8,536 $22,393 $847 $2,340
2019 $9,956 $23,517 $811 $2,247
2018 $11,753 $24,410 $809 $2,058
2017 $14,533 $23,385 $783 $2,082
2016 $12,700 $20,106 $680 $1,824
2015 $13,680 $19,899 $645 $1,730
2014 $12,233 $19,487 $652 $1,456
2013 $12,964 $19,929 $654 $1,416
2012 $12,950 $19,430 $635 $1,402
2011 $12,704 $19,105 $720 $1,472
2010 $10,260 $17,848 $600 $1,370
2009 $8,150 $16,182 $583 $1,315
2008 $8,944 $17,277 $640 $1,309
2007 $7,185 $16,455 $519 $1,260
2006 $5,869 $14,844 $449 $1,226
2005 $5,068 $13,465 $463 $1,187
2004 $4,242 $12,118 $431 $1,105
2003 $3,320 $10,933 $420 $1,089
2002 $2,570 $9,953 $362 $1,095
2001 $7,141 $11,118 $327 $1,064
2000 $7,637 $11,500 $317 $1,014
1999 $7,706 $11,464 $479 $1,001
1998 $8,219 $11,836 $498 $861
1997 $8,147 $11,403 $599 $1,118
1996 $7,663 $10,496 $615 $1,052
1995 $7,358 $9,891 $589 $945
1994 $7,438 $10,103 $561 $909
1993 $6,932 $9,472 $582 $890
1992 $6,790 $8,668 $574 $880
1991 $5,709 $7,961 $672 $877
1990 $4,315 $7,158 $651 $824
1989 $2,375 - $578 -
1988 $3,993 - $454 -
1987 $3,477 - $488 -
1986 $3,436 - $371 -
1985 $2,906 - $417 -
1984 $3,915 - $407 -
1983 $3,538 - $489 -
1982 $2,915 - $503 -
1981 $2,764 - $477 -
1980 $2,748 - $347 -
1979 $2,512 - $376 -
1978 $3,282 - $403 -
1977 $2,126 - $403 -
1976 $1,947 - $421 -
1975 $2,027 - $435 -
1974 $2,845 - $419 -
1973 $2,098 - $392 -
1972 $1,409 - $389 -
1971 $1,373 - $348 -
1970 $1,323 - $350 -
1969 $1,330 - - -
1968 $1,142 - - -
1967 $1,064 - - -
1966 $1,275 - - -
1965 $1,282 - - -
1964 $1,176 - - -
1963 $853 - - -
1962 $870 - - -
1961 $971 - - -
1960 $778 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/guinea-bissau | CC BY

Argentina's GDP per capita is $14,898, ranking 70/197, compared to $1,124 in Guinea-Bissau, ranking 177/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Argentina ranks 73rd at $30,431, while Guinea-Bissau ranks 179th at $3,119.

Economic indicators

Argentina Guinea-Bissau
Gross domestic product
$683B
2025
$2.53B
2025
GDP rank
25/197
2025
176/197
2025
GDP growth
4.37%
2024-2025
5.82%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$14,898
2025
$1,124
2025
GDP per capita rank
70/197
2025
177/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$30,431
2024
$3,119
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
73/197
2024
179/197
2024
Government debt
$549B
2025
$1.9B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.3%
2025
75.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$11,965
2025
$846
2025
Government debt per person rank
52/185
2025
149/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$8,751
2026
$1,483
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$52.9B
2022
n/a
Number of billionaires
5
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
31.2%
2024
26.1%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
1.9%
2024
3.4%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
31.6%
2025
19.9%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
41.9%
2024-2025
0.9%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
29%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
7.38%
2025
2.67%
2022
Population
46083022
2323460

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Argentina
Spending

Debt
Guinea-Bissau
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Argentina Guinea-Bissau
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 31.6% 80.3% 19.9% 75.3%
2024 31% 84.7% 20.4% 82.4%
2023 37.6% 154.6% 21.9% 79.4%
2022 37.6% 84.3% 21.3% 80.7%
2021 37.9% 81% 25% 78.8%
2020 42.5% 103.8% 25% 77.6%
2019 38.1% 89.8% 18.8% 65.1%
2018 38.9% 85.2% 19.5% 59.1%
2017 41.1% 57% 18.1% 51.8%
2016 41.5% 53.1% 20.5% 59.1%
2015 41.4% 52.6% 21.5% 56.3%
2014 38.9% 44.7% 23% 60.1%
2013 37.6% 43.5% 12.4% 49.6%
2012 36.8% 40.4% 13% 47.4%
2011 34.9% 38.9% 17.3% 45.6%
2010 33.4% 43.5% 18.5% 61.7%
2009 34.5% 55.4% 20.6% 148.3%
2008 30.8% 53.8% 21.8% 148.8%
2007 29.6% 62.1% 23.7% 164%
2006 26.6% 70.8% 19.8% 190.4%
2005 24.4% 80.3% 20.2% 203.7%
2004 23% 117.9% 23% 202%
2003 22% 125.2% 17% 183.4%
2002 21.9% 147.2% 14.1% 197.5%
2001 26.4% 48% 19.1% 204.4%
2000 25.2% 40.8% 23.5% 217.1%
1999 25.5% 38.9% 12.1% 109.9%
1998 23.1% 34.1% 8.72% 109.1%
1997 22.6% 31.7% 12.7% 94.3%
1996 22.7% 32.6% 8.93% 117.3%
1995 22.9% 30.7% 8.14% 103.3%
1994 22.9% 28.4% 18.4% 105.5%
1993 22% 26.9% 13.1% 112.4%
1992 12.1% 25% 10.1% 85.3%
1991 11.4% 35.7% 9.19% 88.9%
1990 11% 48.5% - -
1989 11% 118.2% - -
1988 12.3% 61.4% - -
1987 13.7% 74.1% - -
1986 13.7% 55.9% - -
1985 14.7% 55.2% - -
1984 13% 54.6% - -
1983 14.2% 64.2% - -
1982 15.9% 52.2% - -
1981 17% 26.5% - -
1980 15.2% 11.4% - -
1979 14.5% 12.4% - -
1978 14.9% 17.5% - -
1977 12.6% 25.1% - -
1976 13% 28.7% - -
1975 12.5% 33.8% - -
1974 14% 13% - -
1973 12.6% 12% - -
1972 11.2% 17.1% - -
1971 11.7% 15.2% - -
1970 12% 13.5% - -
1969 12.3% 9.63% - -
1968 12.8% 9.43% - -
1967 13% 10.9% - -
1966 12.1% 13.4% - -
1965 11.6% 15.9% - -
1964 11.8% 16.8% - -
1963 11.2% 23.4% - -
1962 11.3% 25.1% - -
1961 12.3% 8.69% - -
1960 11.3% 8.39% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/guinea-bissau | CC BY

In 2025, Argentina's government spending was $216B, accounting for 31.6% of its GDP, while Guinea-Bissau spent $502M, or 19.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.3% in Argentina and 75.3% in Guinea-Bissau, ranking 43/185 and 49/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Argentina

Guinea-Bissau
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Argentina Guinea-Bissau
2025 -0.38% -6.69%
2024 0.46% -7.26%
2023 -5.33% -8.15%
2022 -3.84% -6.06%
2021 -4.33% -5.88%
2020 -8.67% -9.64%
2019 -4.44% -3.86%
2018 -5.44% -4.76%
2017 -6.69% -1.32%
2016 -6.65% -5.34%
2015 -6% -3.16%
2014 -4.25% -2.44%
2013 -3.25% -1.67%
2012 -3.02% -2.12%
2011 -2.75% -1.35%
2010 -1.39% -0.23%
2009 -1.83% 2.68%
2008 0.35% -0.73%
2007 0.76% -8.77%
2006 1.65% -4.57%
2005 3.34% -4.96%
2004 3.97% -5.92%
2003 1.5% -5.63%
2002 -1.91% -3.7%
2001 -5.36% -1.83%
2000 -3.42% -2.8%
1999 -3.71% -4.06%
1998 -1.83% -5.95%
1997 -1.84% -2.56%
1996 -2.81% 3.48%
1995 -2.07% 2.45%
1994 -1.25% -5.54%
1993 -0.02% -0.34%
1992 1.54% -0.25%
1991 0.96% 1.61%
1990 -0.14% -
1989 -0.25% -
1988 -1.75% -
1987 1.89% -
1986 3.3% -
1985 3.6% -
1984 -1.39% -
1983 -2.89% -
1982 -4.68% -
1981 -3.93% -
1980 -1.14% -
1979 -1.5% -
1978 -1.36% -
1977 -0.54% -
1976 -2.39% -
1975 -2.9% -
1974 -1.08% -
1973 -1.48% -
1972 -0.12% -
1971 0.32% -
1970 1.01% -
1969 0.54% -
1968 0.25% -
1967 0.66% -
1966 -0.98% -
1965 -0.89% -
1964 -1.34% -
1963 -0.65% -
1962 -0.47% -
1961 1.73% -
1960 -1.98% -
1959 -4.82% -
1958 -6.61% -
1957 -2.72% -
1956 -3.77% -
1955 -3.75% -
1954 -3.21% -
1953 -3.1% -
1952 -3.01% -
1951 -3.52% -
1950 -3.38% -
1949 -3.98% -
1948 -2.73% -
1947 -1.6% -
1946 -4.12% -
1945 -5.25% -
1944 -4.61% -
1943 -3.86% -
1942 -2.9% -
1941 -2.85% -
1940 -2.31% -
1939 -3.09% -
1938 -2.09% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -1.44% -
1935 -1.16% -
1934 -1.56% -
1933 -1.27% -
1932 -1.19% -
1931 -2.98% -
1930 -3.94% -
1929 -1.95% -
1928 -1.52% -
1927 -3.3% -
1926 -1% -
1925 -0.46% -
1924 -0.68% -
1923 -0.93% -
1922 -1.86% -
1921 -0.99% -
1920 0.2% -
1919 -0.3% -
1918 -1.14% -
1917 -2.18% -
1916 -2.13% -
1915 -2.64% -
1914 -3.03% -
1913 -0.61% -
1912 -0.78% -
1911 -2.19% -
1910 -2.24% -
1909 -2.57% -
1908 0.28% -
1907 -0.2% -
1906 -0.32% -
1905 -3.52% -
1904 0.15% -
1903 -0.25% -
1902 -2.2% -
1901 -0.54% -
1900 -0.42% -
1899 -0.4% -
1898 -9.31% -
1897 -1.46% -
1896 -4.19% -
1895 -1.59% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 0.06% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -4.48% -
1890 -1.82% -
1889 -2.88% -
1888 -0.69% -
1887 0.35% -
1886 -2.39% -
1885 -2.67% -
1884 -4.07% -
1883 -4.19% -
1882 -5.42% -
1881 -2.31% -
1880 -2.15% -
1879 -1.09% -
1878 -1.08% -
1877 -1.68% -
1876 -4.15% -
1875 -3.08% -
1874 -2.59% -
1873 -1.39% -
1872 -1.18% -
1871 -5.54% -
1870 -2.74% -
1869 -1.61% -
1868 -1.8% -
1867 -1.08% -
1866 -2.09% -
1865 -0.79% -
1864 0.51% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/guinea-bissau | CC BY

In 2025, Argentina's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $2.6B, equivalent to 0.38% of GDP. This compares to Guinea-Bissau's deficit of $169M, or 6.69% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Argentina recorded a fiscal deficit in 26 of those years, while Guinea-Bissau ran a deficit in 31 years. On average, Argentina posted an annual deficit equal to 2.23% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.35% of GDP for Guinea-Bissau.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Argentina

Guinea-Bissau
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Argentina Guinea-Bissau
2025 41.9% 0.9%
2024 219.9% 3.7%
2023 133.5% 7.2%
2022 72.4% 7.9%
2021 48.4% 3.3%
2020 42% 1.5%
2019 53.5% 0.3%
2018 34.3% 0.4%
2017 25.7% -0.2%
2016 - 2.7%
2015 - 1.5%
2014 - -1%
2013 10.6% 0.8%
2012 10% 2.1%
2011 9.8% 5.1%
2010 10.5% 1.1%
2009 6.3% -1.6%
2008 8.6% 10.4%
2007 8.8% 4.6%
2006 10.9% 2%
2005 9.6% 3.4%
2004 4.4% 0.8%
2003 13.4% -3.5%
2002 25.9% 3.3%
2001 -1.1% 3.3%
2000 -0.9% 8.6%
1999 -1.2% -2.1%
1998 0.9% 8.1%
1997 - 49.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/guinea-bissau | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Argentina has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 31.9%, compared with 2.66% in Guinea-Bissau. In 2025, inflation was 41.9% in Argentina and 0.9% in Guinea-Bissau.

Top exports between countries

Argentina
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $819K
Miscellaneous $301K
Guinea-Bissau
Export category Export value

Balance of trade

Argentina Guinea-Bissau
Current account balance
-$7.58B
2025
-$162M
2024
Current account balance ranking
169/190
2025
87/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.11%
2025
-7.36%
2024
Goods imports
$71.8B
2025
$414M
2024
Goods exports
$87.2B
2025
$229M
2024
Service imports
$29.3B
2025
$198M
2024
Service exports
$18B
2025
$51M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
14.8%
2025
27%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
15.6%
2025
13.9%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Argentina Guinea-Bissau
Economic freedom 57.4 43.2
Economic freedom ranking 117/197 181/197
Property rights 41.2 28.4
Government integrity 41.2 21
Judicial effectiveness 58.2 13.2
Tax burden 67.8 89
Government spending 62.3 86.5
Fiscal health 72.2 6.5
Business freedom 56.8 34.6
Labor freedom 53.5 55.9
Monetary freedom 28.9 75.9
Trade freedom 67.4 47
Investment freedom 70 30
Financial freedom 70 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Argentina
Guinea-Bissau
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Argentina Guinea-Bissau
2026 57.4 43.2
2025 54.2 43.6
2024 49.9 42.7
2023 51 44.6
2022 50.1 46
2021 52.7 54.9
2020 53.1 53.3
2019 52.2 54
2018 52.3 56.9
2017 50.4 56.1
2016 43.8 51.8
2015 44.1 52
2014 44.6 51.3
2013 46.7 51.1
2012 48 50.1
2011 51.7 46.5
2010 51.2 43.6
2009 52.3 45.4
2008 54.2 44.4
2007 54 46.1
2006 53.4 46.5
2005 51.7 46
2004 53.9 42.6
2003 56.3 43.1
2002 65.7 42.3
2001 68.6 42.5
2000 70 34.7
1999 70.6 33.5
1998 70.9 -
1997 73.3 -
1996 74.7 -
1995 68 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/guinea-bissau | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Argentina is 57.4, ranking 117/197, compared to 43.2 for Guinea-Bissau, ranking 181/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Argentina Guinea-Bissau
Services, % of GDP
56.2%
2025
39.1%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
22.9%
2025
15.7%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.53%
2025
40.6%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$672B
2025
$2.45B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$31,920
2025
$3,320
2025
Total reserves including gold
$41B
2025
n/a
Total reserves ranking
54/177
2025
n/a
Net foreign direct investment
-$300M
2025
-$26.3M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$11.6B
2024
$26.7M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.76B
2024
$389K
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
6.32%
2024
1.77%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
38.1%
2024
50.5%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
16.1%
2025
25.8%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/guinea-bissau | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1991–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.