Latvia has a population of 1.87M (ranked 149/197), compared with 40.6M in Yemen (ranked 38/197). Latvia's land area is 24,027 sq mi versus 203,850 sq mi for Yemen (ranked 121st vs. 49th).
By GDP, Latvia ranks 99/197 ($43.7B) and Yemen ranks 125/197 ($21.6B). By GDP per capita, Latvia ranks 54/197 ($23,409), while Yemen ranks 191/197 ($634).
Main facts and rankings
Latvia
|
Yemen
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Population |
1829763
|
43325643
|
| Population rank | 149/197 | 37/197 |
| GDP |
$43.7B
2024 |
$21.6B
2018 |
| GDP rank | 99/197 | 125/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$23,409
2024 |
$634
2018 |
| GDP per capita rank | 54/197 | 191/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$43,394
2024 |
$3,164
2013 |
| Government debt |
$20.4B
2024 |
$18.8B
2018 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
46.8%
2024 |
70.9%
2024 |
| Government debt per person |
$10,945
2024 |
$551
2018 |
| Government debt per person rank | 53/185 | 165/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$17,033
2026 |
$1,127
2026 |
| Land area | 24,027 sq mi | 203,850 sq mi |
| Population density |
76.2 ppl/mi²
2026 |
210.9 ppl/mi²
2026 |
| Fertility rate |
1.36
2023 |
4.59
2023 |
| Median age |
44.3 years
2024 |
19.3 years
2024 |
| Life expectancy |
76.6 years
2026 |
69.7 years
2026 |
Latvia and Yemen: Comparison Charts
Latvia and Yemen economies compared
| Year | GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
Latvia
|
Yemen
|
|
| 2024 | $43,684,254,432 | - |
| 2023 | $42,779,550,937 | - |
| 2022 | $38,003,198,509 | - |
| 2021 | $38,183,326,785 | - |
| 2020 | $33,379,927,435 | - |
| 2019 | $33,099,503,951 | - |
| 2018 | $33,247,935,477 | $21,606,160,663 |
| 2017 | $29,391,059,767 | $26,842,229,045 |
| 2016 | $27,117,105,060 | $31,317,825,274 |
| 2015 | $26,344,565,877 | $42,444,490,074 |
| 2014 | $30,277,203,767 | $43,228,585,321 |
| 2013 | $29,152,128,168 | $40,415,233,436 |
| 2012 | $27,116,149,949 | $35,401,331,610 |
| 2011 | $26,575,547,901 | $32,726,417,878 |
| 2010 | $23,468,324,572 | $30,906,749,533 |
| 2009 | $25,691,530,442 | $25,130,278,213 |
| 2008 | $34,135,200,994 | $26,910,855,807 |
| 2007 | $29,420,499,248 | $21,650,528,674 |
| 2006 | $20,434,922,247 | $19,063,143,370 |
| 2005 | $16,306,935,905 | $16,731,566,717 |
| 2004 | $13,827,070,379 | $13,867,634,371 |
| 2003 | $11,244,337,720 | $11,777,532,662 |
| 2002 | $9,249,030,241 | $10,693,430,511 |
| 2001 | $8,190,888,740 | $9,852,990,693 |
| 2000 | $7,761,252,607 | $9,679,316,770 |
| 1999 | $7,324,192,890 | $7,639,325,296 |
| 1998 | $6,974,112,951 | $6,322,175,566 |
| 1997 | $6,349,481,007 | $6,838,298,531 |
| 1996 | $5,799,465,288 | $6,496,163,616 |
| 1995 | $5,608,208,785 | $12,796,345,679 |
| 1994 | - | $28,019,483,764 |
| 1993 | - | $21,736,802,664 |
| 1992 | - | $17,959,367,194 |
| 1991 | - | $14,665,445,462 |
| 1990 | - | $12,643,821,569 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/latvia/yemen | CC BY 
Latvia and Yemen economies compared
| Year | GDP per capita | |
|---|---|---|
|
Latvia
|
Yemen
|
|
| 2024 | $23,409 | - |
| 2023 | $22,710 | - |
| 2022 | $20,221 | - |
| 2021 | $20,262 | - |
| 2020 | $17,564 | - |
| 2019 | $17,295 | - |
| 2018 | $17,252 | $634 |
| 2017 | $15,132 | $811 |
| 2016 | $13,839 | $975 |
| 2015 | $13,322 | $1,362 |
| 2014 | $15,186 | $1,430 |
| 2013 | $14,484 | $1,379 |
| 2012 | $13,329 | $1,245 |
| 2011 | $12,903 | $1,186 |
| 2010 | $11,188 | $1,155 |
| 2009 | $11,996 | $969 |
| 2008 | $15,678 | $1,072 |
| 2007 | $13,371 | $890 |
| 2006 | $9,212 | $810 |
| 2005 | $7,284 | $734 |
| 2004 | $6,110 | $628 |
| 2003 | $4,915 | $549 |
| 2002 | $4,004 | $513 |
| 2001 | $3,505 | $487 |
| 2000 | $3,278 | $493 |
| 1999 | $3,064 | $401 |
| 1998 | $2,894 | $343 |
| 1997 | $2,610 | $383 |
| 1996 | $2,360 | $375 |
| 1995 | $2,257 | $764 |
| 1994 | - | $1,735 |
| 1993 | - | $1,397 |
| 1992 | - | $1,198 |
| 1991 | - | $1,016 |
| 1990 | - | $910 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/latvia/yemen | CC BY
Latvia vs. Yemen life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
Latvia
|
Yemen
|
|
| 2026 | 76.6 | 69.7 |
| 2025 | 76.5 | 69.6 |
| 2024 | 76.3 | 69.4 |
| 2023 | 76.2 | 69.3 |
| 2022 | 74.9 | 68 |
| 2021 | 73.2 | 66 |
| 2020 | 75.5 | 66.4 |
| 2019 | 75.6 | 66.6 |
| 2018 | 75 | 65.9 |
| 2017 | 74.8 | 67.1 |
| 2016 | 74.8 | 67.1 |
| 2015 | 74.7 | 66.8 |
| 2014 | 74.3 | 68 |
| 2013 | 74.2 | 68 |
| 2012 | 73.9 | 67.6 |
| 2011 | 73.7 | 67.4 |
| 2010 | 73 | 67.2 |
| 2009 | 72.7 | 66.9 |
| 2008 | 72 | 66.6 |
| 2007 | 70.8 | 66.2 |
| 2006 | 70.6 | 65.8 |
| 2005 | 70.6 | 65.4 |
| 2004 | 70.9 | 64.9 |
| 2003 | 70.6 | 64.4 |
| 2002 | 70.2 | 63.8 |
| 2001 | 69.9 | 63.3 |
| 2000 | 70.2 | 62.8 |
| 1999 | 69.6 | 62.3 |
| 1998 | 68.9 | 61.8 |
| 1997 | 69.2 | 61.3 |
| 1996 | 68.6 | 60.9 |
| 1995 | 66 | 60.5 |
| 1994 | 65.2 | 59.8 |
| 1993 | 66.6 | 59.7 |
| 1992 | 68.5 | 59.3 |
| 1991 | 69.2 | 58.8 |
| 1990 | 69.5 | 58.5 |
| 1989 | 70.4 | 58 |
| 1988 | 70.9 | 57.4 |
| 1987 | 71 | 56.8 |
| 1986 | 71 | 54 |
| 1985 | 69.6 | 55.4 |
| 1984 | 69.4 | 54.6 |
| 1983 | 69.4 | 53.6 |
| 1982 | 69.6 | 52.4 |
| 1981 | 69.1 | 51.7 |
| 1980 | 69.1 | 50.6 |
| 1979 | 68.8 | 49.5 |
| 1978 | 69.3 | 48.5 |
| 1977 | 69.4 | 47.4 |
| 1976 | 69.4 | 46.4 |
| 1975 | 69.3 | 45.5 |
| 1974 | 70.1 | 44.5 |
| 1973 | 70.2 | 43.6 |
| 1972 | 70.3 | 42.7 |
| 1971 | 70.6 | 41.8 |
| 1970 | 70.2 | 40.6 |
| 1969 | 70.2 | 39.6 |
| 1968 | 70.5 | 38 |
| 1967 | 70.9 | 37.1 |
| 1966 | 71.2 | 36.3 |
| 1965 | 71.2 | 35.6 |
| 1964 | 71.5 | 34.9 |
| 1963 | 70.3 | 33.4 |
| 1962 | 69.9 | 33.7 |
| 1961 | 70.5 | 34.1 |
| 1960 | 70.3 | 33.5 |
| 1959 | 69.5 | 32.9 |
| 1958 | 68.9 | 32.4 |
| 1957 | 68.3 | 31.8 |
| 1956 | 67.6 | 31.3 |
| 1955 | 67.1 | 30.8 |
| 1954 | 66.7 | 30.4 |
| 1953 | 66.2 | 30 |
| 1952 | 65.7 | 29.6 |
| 1951 | 65.2 | 29.3 |
| 1950 | 64.6 | 28.9 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).
GeoRank.org/facts/latvia/yemen | CC BY
Latvia and Yemen population clocks and comparison
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
Latvia
|
Yemen
|
|
| 2024 | 1,866,124 | 40,583,164 |
| 2023 | 1,883,710 | 39,390,799 |
| 2022 | 1,879,383 | 38,222,876 |
| 2021 | 1,884,490 | 37,140,230 |
| 2020 | 1,900,449 | 36,134,863 |
| 2019 | 1,913,822 | 35,111,408 |
| 2018 | 1,927,174 | 34,085,182 |
| 2017 | 1,942,248 | 33,090,921 |
| 2016 | 1,959,537 | 32,109,010 |
| 2015 | 1,977,527 | 31,159,379 |
| 2014 | 1,993,782 | 30,226,309 |
| 2013 | 2,012,647 | 29,312,952 |
| 2012 | 2,034,319 | 28,433,647 |
| 2011 | 2,059,709 | 27,582,897 |
| 2010 | 2,097,555 | 26,754,387 |
| 2009 | 2,141,669 | 25,927,724 |
| 2008 | 2,177,322 | 25,111,941 |
| 2007 | 2,200,325 | 24,318,082 |
| 2006 | 2,218,357 | 23,543,083 |
| 2005 | 2,238,799 | 22,790,085 |
| 2004 | 2,263,122 | 22,095,167 |
| 2003 | 2,287,955 | 21,456,379 |
| 2002 | 2,310,173 | 20,835,086 |
| 2001 | 2,337,170 | 20,226,147 |
| 2000 | 2,367,550 | 19,624,141 |
| 1999 | 2,390,482 | 19,029,420 |
| 1998 | 2,410,019 | 18,446,013 |
| 1997 | 2,432,851 | 17,873,936 |
| 1996 | 2,457,222 | 17,313,177 |
| 1995 | 2,485,056 | 16,740,058 |
| 1994 | 2,520,742 | 16,149,147 |
| 1993 | 2,563,290 | 15,563,914 |
| 1992 | 2,614,338 | 14,989,494 |
| 1991 | 2,650,581 | 14,430,201 |
| 1990 | 2,663,151 | 13,887,862 |
| 1989 | 2,666,955 | 13,364,174 |
| 1988 | 2,653,434 | 12,859,708 |
| 1987 | 2,626,583 | 12,369,912 |
| 1986 | 2,599,892 | 11,901,040 |
| 1985 | 2,578,873 | 11,453,825 |
| 1984 | 2,562,047 | 11,025,597 |
| 1983 | 2,546,011 | 10,621,499 |
| 1982 | 2,531,080 | 10,241,006 |
| 1981 | 2,519,421 | 9,882,362 |
| 1980 | 2,511,701 | 9,543,358 |
| 1979 | 2,505,953 | 9,224,194 |
| 1978 | 2,497,921 | 8,926,586 |
| 1977 | 2,485,073 | 8,648,222 |
| 1976 | 2,470,989 | 8,384,113 |
| 1975 | 2,456,130 | 8,133,598 |
| 1974 | 2,437,186 | 7,896,783 |
| 1973 | 2,415,819 | 7,672,796 |
| 1972 | 2,395,674 | 7,460,068 |
| 1971 | 2,376,389 | 7,257,462 |
| 1970 | 2,359,164 | 7,065,279 |
| 1969 | 2,343,173 | 6,875,859 |
| 1968 | 2,323,619 | 6,690,524 |
| 1967 | 2,301,220 | 6,516,444 |
| 1966 | 2,283,217 | 6,351,494 |
| 1965 | 2,265,919 | 6,195,593 |
| 1964 | 2,240,623 | 6,048,006 |
| 1963 | 2,210,919 | 5,911,135 |
| 1962 | 2,181,586 | 5,782,221 |
| 1961 | 2,152,681 | 5,655,232 |
| 1960 | 2,120,979 | 5,532,301 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/latvia/yemen | CC BY
Fertility rates in Latvia and Yemen
| Year | Fertility rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Latvia
|
Yemen
|
|
| 2023 | 1.36 | 4.59 |
| 2022 | 1.47 | 4.59 |
| 2021 | 1.57 | 4.6 |
| 2020 | 1.55 | 4.6 |
| 2019 | 1.61 | 4.6 |
| 2018 | 1.6 | 4.61 |
| 2017 | 1.69 | 4.61 |
| 2016 | 1.74 | 4.61 |
| 2015 | 1.7 | 4.62 |
| 2014 | 1.65 | 4.62 |
| 2013 | 1.52 | 4.62 |
| 2012 | 1.44 | 4.63 |
| 2011 | 1.33 | 4.63 |
| 2010 | 1.36 | 4.81 |
| 2009 | 1.46 | 5 |
| 2008 | 1.58 | 5.11 |
| 2007 | 1.54 | 5.26 |
| 2006 | 1.46 | 5.41 |
| 2005 | 1.39 | 5.56 |
| 2004 | 1.29 | 5.71 |
| 2003 | 1.32 | 5.84 |
| 2002 | 1.26 | 5.97 |
| 2001 | 1.22 | 6.14 |
| 2000 | 1.25 | 6.32 |
| 1999 | 1.16 | 6.49 |
| 1998 | 1.09 | 6.64 |
| 1997 | 1.11 | 6.82 |
| 1996 | 1.16 | 7 |
| 1995 | 1.25 | 7.53 |
| 1994 | 1.39 | 7.8 |
| 1993 | 1.51 | 8.05 |
| 1992 | 1.73 | 8.27 |
| 1991 | 1.86 | 8.46 |
| 1990 | 2.02 | 8.61 |
| 1989 | 2.05 | 8.71 |
| 1988 | 2.11 | 8.79 |
| 1987 | 2.15 | 8.83 |
| 1986 | 2.12 | 8.86 |
| 1985 | 2.08 | 8.86 |
| 1984 | 2.09 | 8.85 |
| 1983 | 2.07 | 8.83 |
| 1982 | 1.97 | 8.79 |
| 1981 | 1.88 | 8.75 |
| 1980 | 1.86 | 8.71 |
| 1979 | 1.87 | 8.67 |
| 1978 | 1.87 | 8.5 |
| 1977 | 1.89 | 8.47 |
| 1976 | 1.93 | 8.42 |
| 1975 | 1.96 | 8.37 |
| 1974 | 1.97 | 8.33 |
| 1973 | 1.98 | 8.29 |
| 1972 | 2 | 8.27 |
| 1971 | 2 | 8.26 |
| 1970 | 1.96 | 8.23 |
| 1969 | 1.88 | 8.22 |
| 1968 | 1.83 | 8.19 |
| 1967 | 1.8 | 8.17 |
| 1966 | 1.76 | 8.14 |
| 1965 | 1.74 | 8.1 |
| 1964 | 1.79 | 8.07 |
| 1963 | 1.85 | 8.03 |
| 1962 | 1.91 | 8.01 |
| 1961 | 1.94 | 8 |
| 1960 | 1.94 | 7.99 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/latvia/yemen | CC BY
Latvia and Yemen demographics compared
| Year | Median age, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
Latvia
|
Yemen
|
|
| 2024 | 44.3 | 19.3 |
| 2023 | 44.1 | 19.2 |
| 2022 | 44 | 19.2 |
| 2021 | 43.9 | 19.1 |
| 2020 | 43.8 | 19.1 |
| 2019 | 43.6 | 19.1 |
| 2018 | 43.4 | 19 |
| 2017 | 43.2 | 18.9 |
| 2016 | 43 | 18.8 |
| 2015 | 42.8 | 18.7 |
| 2014 | 42.5 | 18.5 |
| 2013 | 42.3 | 18.3 |
| 2012 | 42 | 18.1 |
| 2011 | 41.6 | 17.9 |
| 2010 | 41.1 | 17.7 |
| 2009 | 40.5 | 17.4 |
| 2008 | 40.1 | 17.2 |
| 2007 | 39.9 | 16.9 |
| 2006 | 39.7 | 16.7 |
| 2005 | 39.4 | 16.4 |
| 2004 | 39.2 | 16.2 |
| 2003 | 38.9 | 16 |
| 2002 | 38.6 | 15.8 |
| 2001 | 38.3 | 15.6 |
| 2000 | 37.9 | 15.4 |
| 1999 | 37.6 | 15.2 |
| 1998 | 37.3 | 15 |
| 1997 | 36.9 | 14.9 |
| 1996 | 36.6 | 14.8 |
| 1995 | 36.2 | 14.7 |
| 1994 | 36 | 14.6 |
| 1993 | 35.6 | 14.6 |
| 1992 | 35.2 | 14.6 |
| 1991 | 34.8 | 14.6 |
| 1990 | 34.6 | 14.6 |
| 1989 | 34.5 | 14.6 |
| 1988 | 34.6 | 14.7 |
| 1987 | 34.6 | 14.8 |
| 1986 | 34.7 | 14.9 |
| 1985 | 34.7 | 15 |
| 1984 | 34.7 | 15.1 |
| 1983 | 34.6 | 15.3 |
| 1982 | 34.7 | 15.5 |
| 1981 | 34.8 | 15.7 |
| 1980 | 34.9 | 15.9 |
| 1979 | 35.1 | 16.1 |
| 1978 | 35.1 | 16.3 |
| 1977 | 35.1 | 16.6 |
| 1976 | 35 | 16.8 |
| 1975 | 34.9 | 17 |
| 1974 | 34.7 | 17.3 |
| 1973 | 34.6 | 17.6 |
| 1972 | 34.5 | 17.8 |
| 1971 | 34.3 | 18.1 |
| 1970 | 34.2 | 18.4 |
| 1969 | 34.1 | 18.7 |
| 1968 | 34 | 18.9 |
| 1967 | 33.8 | 19.1 |
| 1966 | 33.5 | 19.2 |
| 1965 | 33.2 | 19.3 |
| 1964 | 33 | 19.4 |
| 1963 | 32.8 | 19.5 |
| 1962 | 32.6 | 19.6 |
| 1961 | 32.4 | 19.6 |
| 1960 | 32.3 | 19.7 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/latvia/yemen | CC BY
Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to switch between world maps comparing statistics for Latvia and Yemen.
National statistics comparison
Finance
|
Latvia
|
Yemen
|
|
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$40.4B
2024 |
$25.3B
2018 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
44.5%
2024 |
8.91%
2024 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
4.32%
2022 |
5.46%
2012 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
3.26%
2024 |
3.97%
2014 |
| Armed forces personnel |
9,000
2020 |
40,000
2020 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
-1.82%
2024 |
-2.48%
2024 |
| Unemployment rate |
6.88%
2024 |
13.5%
2014 |
| Services, % of GDP |
64.6%
2024 |
41.8%
2018 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
18.5%
2024 |
25.4%
2018 |
| Economic freedom index |
71.6
2026 |
53.7
2015 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
26.2%
2023 |
29.4%
2014 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.6%
2023 |
3%
2014 |
| Listed domestic companies |
56
2003 |
n/a |
| Total reserves including gold |
$5.14B
2024 |
$1.25B
2022 |
| Personal remittances received |
$1.34B
2024 |
$3.43B
2024 |
| International tourist arrivals |
3,204,000
2020 |
398,000
2015 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
7.25%
2007 |
12.4%
2016 |
| Banked people share |
95%
2024 |
11.9%
2022 |
Energy
|
Latvia
|
Yemen
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
2,240 kg
2023 |
68.9 kg
2022 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$19
2023 |
$11.2
2013 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
6.81 megatons
2024 |
10.6 megatons
2024 |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
3.65 tons
2024 |
0.26 tons
2024 |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
47.8%
2023 |
93.1%
2022 |
| Renewable energy use share |
44%
2021 |
3.7%
2021 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
8.79%
2023 |
1.64%
2022 |
| Net energy imports use share |
34.3%
2023 |
-11%
2022 |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
3,617 kWh
2023 |
54 kWh
2022 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
63.6%
2021 |
21.1%
2021 |
| Hydroelectric share |
59.4%
2023 |
0%
2021 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
0%
2021 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
83.6%
2023 |
Society
|
Latvia
|
Yemen
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.02%
2024 |
0.5%
2024 |
| Annual migration change |
-7,330
2025 |
-16,291
2025 |
| Urban population |
68.5%
2024 |
36.8%
2024 |
| Male:Female ratio |
46.4:53.6
2024 |
50.7:49.3
2024 |
| Average male height |
5.94 ft
2025 |
5.39 ft
2025 |
| Average female height |
5.54 ft
2025 |
5.08 ft
2025 |
| Quality of life index |
75.4
2026 |
17.2
2026 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
60
2025 |
13
2025 |
| Higher education index |
70
2026 |
17
2026 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
2.5
2023 |
6.31
2013 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
8.1
2019 |
29.4
2019 |
| Visa free countries |
171
2025 |
44
2025 |
| Adult literacy rate |
99.9%
2021 |
54.1%
2004 |
| English speaking |
45.9%
2023 |
9%
2023 |
| People using the Internet |
92.7%
2024 |
13.8%
2020 |
Health
|
Latvia
|
Yemen
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$1,645
2023 |
$47.8
2023 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$577
2023 |
$33
2023 |
| Life expectancy |
76.6 years
2026 |
69.7 years
2026 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
0.14%
2023 |
21.1%
2023 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
3.4
2022 |
0.1
2023 |
| Age at first childbirth |
28 years
2023 |
20.8 years
2025 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
19
2023 |
118
2023 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age |
3
2023 |
39.3
2023 |
| Obesity rate |
24.9%
2022 |
14.1%
2022 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
7.1%
2024 |
5.5%
2024 |
| Air quality index |
75
2026 |
31
2026 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
33.9%
2022 |
21.4%
2022 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
12.9 liters
2020 |
0.04 liters
2020 |
Territory
In-depth comparisons
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2025, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2018–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2015–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
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