Latvia has a population of 1.87M (ranked 149/197), compared with 6.59M in Serbia (ranked 109/197). Latvia's land area is 24,027 sq mi versus 32,467 sq mi for Serbia (ranked 121st vs. 111th).
By GDP, Latvia ranks 99/197 ($43.7B) and Serbia ranks 76/197 ($90.1B). By GDP per capita, Latvia ranks 54/197 ($23,409), while Serbia ranks 73/197 ($13,679).
Main facts and rankings
Latvia
|
Serbia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Population |
1829763
|
6494521
|
| Population rank | 149/197 | 110/197 |
| GDP |
$43.7B
2024 |
$90.1B
2024 |
| GDP rank | 99/197 | 76/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$23,409
2024 |
$13,679
2024 |
| GDP per capita rank | 54/197 | 73/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$43,394
2024 |
$32,832
2024 |
| Government debt |
$20.4B
2024 |
$40.1B
2024 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
46.8%
2024 |
44.5%
2024 |
| Government debt per person |
$10,945
2024 |
$6,084
2024 |
| Government debt per person rank | 53/185 | 73/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$17,033
2026 |
$12,252
2026 |
| Land area | 24,027 sq mi | 32,467 sq mi |
| Population density |
76.2 ppl/mi²
2026 |
200 ppl/mi²
2026 |
| Fertility rate |
1.36
2023 |
1.61
2023 |
| Median age |
44.3 years
2024 |
45.1 years
2024 |
| Life expectancy |
76.6 years
2026 |
77.3 years
2026 |
Latvia and Serbia: Comparison Charts
Latvia and Serbia economies compared
| Year | GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
Latvia
|
Serbia
|
|
| 2024 | $43,684,254,432 | $90,097,765,959 |
| 2023 | $42,779,550,937 | $81,343,999,280 |
| 2022 | $38,003,198,509 | $66,809,895,701 |
| 2021 | $38,183,326,785 | $66,159,884,073 |
| 2020 | $33,379,927,435 | $55,874,017,669 |
| 2019 | $33,099,503,951 | $53,864,693,665 |
| 2018 | $33,247,935,477 | $52,787,520,249 |
| 2017 | $29,391,059,767 | $45,972,834,714 |
| 2016 | $27,117,105,060 | $42,225,495,910 |
| 2015 | $26,344,565,877 | $41,297,410,635 |
| 2014 | $30,277,203,767 | $49,114,321,280 |
| 2013 | $29,152,128,168 | $50,455,529,604 |
| 2012 | $27,116,149,949 | $45,103,269,969 |
| 2011 | $26,575,547,901 | $51,251,098,408 |
| 2010 | $23,468,324,572 | $43,536,629,233 |
| 2009 | $25,691,530,442 | $46,955,984,410 |
| 2008 | $34,135,200,994 | $54,220,641,202 |
| 2007 | $29,420,499,248 | $44,888,028,946 |
| 2006 | $20,434,922,247 | $33,298,057,362 |
| 2005 | $16,306,935,905 | $28,334,256,181 |
| 2004 | $13,827,070,379 | $26,845,632,342 |
| 2003 | $11,244,337,720 | $23,593,044,418 |
| 2002 | $9,249,030,241 | $17,930,583,571 |
| 2001 | $8,190,888,740 | $13,599,378,662 |
| 2000 | $7,761,252,607 | $7,326,373,882 |
| 1999 | $7,324,192,890 | $20,878,694,851 |
| 1998 | $6,974,112,951 | $21,004,077,441 |
| 1997 | $6,349,481,007 | $27,153,408,995 |
| 1996 | $5,799,465,288 | $23,277,430,168 |
| 1995 | $5,608,208,785 | $17,921,892,655 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1995–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/latvia/serbia | CC BY 
Latvia and Serbia economies compared
| Year | GDP per capita | |
|---|---|---|
|
Latvia
|
Serbia
|
|
| 2024 | $23,409 | $13,679 |
| 2023 | $22,710 | $12,282 |
| 2022 | $20,221 | $10,025 |
| 2021 | $20,262 | $9,681 |
| 2020 | $17,564 | $8,099 |
| 2019 | $17,295 | $7,756 |
| 2018 | $17,252 | $7,560 |
| 2017 | $15,132 | $6,548 |
| 2016 | $13,839 | $5,982 |
| 2015 | $13,322 | $5,820 |
| 2014 | $15,186 | $6,887 |
| 2013 | $14,484 | $7,040 |
| 2012 | $13,329 | $6,263 |
| 2011 | $12,903 | $7,082 |
| 2010 | $11,188 | $5,971 |
| 2009 | $11,996 | $6,414 |
| 2008 | $15,678 | $7,377 |
| 2007 | $13,371 | $6,081 |
| 2006 | $9,212 | $4,493 |
| 2005 | $7,284 | $3,808 |
| 2004 | $6,110 | $3,597 |
| 2003 | $4,915 | $3,154 |
| 2002 | $4,004 | $2,391 |
| 2001 | $3,505 | $1,812 |
| 2000 | $3,278 | $975 |
| 1999 | $3,064 | $2,769 |
| 1998 | $2,894 | $2,775 |
| 1997 | $2,610 | $3,574 |
| 1996 | $2,360 | $3,054 |
| 1995 | $2,257 | $2,349 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1995–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/latvia/serbia | CC BY
Latvia vs. Serbia life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
Latvia
|
Serbia
|
|
| 2026 | 76.6 | 77.3 |
| 2025 | 76.5 | 77.1 |
| 2024 | 76.3 | 76.9 |
| 2023 | 76.2 | 76.8 |
| 2022 | 74.9 | 75.5 |
| 2021 | 73.2 | 72.9 |
| 2020 | 75.5 | 74.5 |
| 2019 | 75.6 | 76.1 |
| 2018 | 75 | 76 |
| 2017 | 74.8 | 75.8 |
| 2016 | 74.8 | 75.7 |
| 2015 | 74.7 | 75.7 |
| 2014 | 74.3 | 75.5 |
| 2013 | 74.2 | 75.3 |
| 2012 | 73.9 | 75.1 |
| 2011 | 73.7 | 74.7 |
| 2010 | 73 | 74.4 |
| 2009 | 72.7 | 74.1 |
| 2008 | 72 | 73.9 |
| 2007 | 70.8 | 73.7 |
| 2006 | 70.6 | 73.4 |
| 2005 | 70.6 | 73.1 |
| 2004 | 70.9 | 72.9 |
| 2003 | 70.6 | 72.7 |
| 2002 | 70.2 | 72.6 |
| 2001 | 69.9 | 72.3 |
| 2000 | 70.2 | 72.3 |
| 1999 | 69.6 | 70 |
| 1998 | 68.9 | 72.3 |
| 1997 | 69.2 | 72.9 |
| 1996 | 68.6 | 72.9 |
| 1995 | 66 | 72.7 |
| 1994 | 65.2 | 72.3 |
| 1993 | 66.6 | 71.9 |
| 1992 | 68.5 | 71.6 |
| 1991 | 69.2 | 71.9 |
| 1990 | 69.5 | 72.2 |
| 1989 | 70.4 | 72.3 |
| 1988 | 70.9 | 72 |
| 1987 | 71 | 71.9 |
| 1986 | 71 | 71.6 |
| 1985 | 69.6 | 71.4 |
| 1984 | 69.4 | 71.2 |
| 1983 | 69.4 | 71.1 |
| 1982 | 69.6 | 71 |
| 1981 | 69.1 | 71.1 |
| 1980 | 69.1 | 71.1 |
| 1979 | 68.8 | 71.2 |
| 1978 | 69.3 | 71.4 |
| 1977 | 69.4 | 71.8 |
| 1976 | 69.4 | 71.9 |
| 1975 | 69.3 | 71.6 |
| 1974 | 70.1 | 71.1 |
| 1973 | 70.2 | 70.5 |
| 1972 | 70.3 | 70 |
| 1971 | 70.6 | 69.7 |
| 1970 | 70.2 | 69.7 |
| 1969 | 70.2 | 70 |
| 1968 | 70.5 | 70.1 |
| 1967 | 70.9 | 70.1 |
| 1966 | 71.2 | 69.4 |
| 1965 | 71.2 | 68.7 |
| 1964 | 71.5 | 68 |
| 1963 | 70.3 | 67.4 |
| 1962 | 69.9 | 67 |
| 1961 | 70.5 | 66.3 |
| 1960 | 70.3 | 65.7 |
| 1959 | 69.5 | 65.2 |
| 1958 | 68.9 | 64.3 |
| 1957 | 68.3 | 63.2 |
| 1956 | 67.6 | 61.9 |
| 1955 | 67.1 | 61.3 |
| 1954 | 66.7 | 60.7 |
| 1953 | 66.2 | 59.8 |
| 1952 | 65.7 | 57.4 |
| 1951 | 65.2 | 55.6 |
| 1950 | 64.6 | 55.1 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).
GeoRank.org/facts/latvia/serbia | CC BY
Latvia and Serbia population clocks and comparison
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
Latvia
|
Serbia
|
|
| 2024 | 1,866,124 | 6,586,476 |
| 2023 | 1,883,710 | 6,623,183 |
| 2022 | 1,879,383 | 6,664,449 |
| 2021 | 1,884,490 | 6,834,326 |
| 2020 | 1,900,449 | 6,899,126 |
| 2019 | 1,913,822 | 6,945,235 |
| 2018 | 1,927,174 | 6,982,604 |
| 2017 | 1,942,248 | 7,020,858 |
| 2016 | 1,959,537 | 7,058,322 |
| 2015 | 1,977,527 | 7,095,383 |
| 2014 | 1,993,782 | 7,131,787 |
| 2013 | 2,012,647 | 7,166,553 |
| 2012 | 2,034,319 | 7,201,497 |
| 2011 | 2,059,709 | 7,236,519 |
| 2010 | 2,097,555 | 7,291,436 |
| 2009 | 2,141,669 | 7,320,807 |
| 2008 | 2,177,322 | 7,350,222 |
| 2007 | 2,200,325 | 7,381,579 |
| 2006 | 2,218,357 | 7,411,569 |
| 2005 | 2,238,799 | 7,440,769 |
| 2004 | 2,263,122 | 7,463,157 |
| 2003 | 2,287,955 | 7,480,591 |
| 2002 | 2,310,173 | 7,500,031 |
| 2001 | 2,337,170 | 7,503,433 |
| 2000 | 2,367,550 | 7,516,346 |
| 1999 | 2,390,482 | 7,540,401 |
| 1998 | 2,410,019 | 7,567,745 |
| 1997 | 2,432,851 | 7,598,538 |
| 1996 | 2,457,222 | 7,622,185 |
| 1995 | 2,485,056 | 7,628,264 |
| 1994 | 2,520,742 | 7,622,711 |
| 1993 | 2,563,290 | 7,614,328 |
| 1992 | 2,614,338 | 7,604,063 |
| 1991 | 2,650,581 | 7,595,636 |
| 1990 | 2,663,151 | 7,897,937 |
| 1989 | 2,666,955 | 7,893,787 |
| 1988 | 2,653,434 | 7,884,218 |
| 1987 | 2,626,583 | 7,868,027 |
| 1986 | 2,599,892 | 7,853,824 |
| 1985 | 2,578,873 | 7,835,902 |
| 1984 | 2,562,047 | 7,813,549 |
| 1983 | 2,546,011 | 7,788,100 |
| 1982 | 2,531,080 | 7,763,335 |
| 1981 | 2,519,421 | 7,736,787 |
| 1980 | 2,511,701 | 7,709,544 |
| 1979 | 2,505,953 | 7,541,997 |
| 1978 | 2,497,921 | 7,504,017 |
| 1977 | 2,485,073 | 7,462,783 |
| 1976 | 2,470,989 | 7,418,973 |
| 1975 | 2,456,130 | 7,368,717 |
| 1974 | 2,437,186 | 7,326,043 |
| 1973 | 2,415,819 | 7,283,902 |
| 1972 | 2,395,674 | 7,252,012 |
| 1971 | 2,376,389 | 7,211,716 |
| 1970 | 2,359,164 | 7,164,993 |
| 1969 | 2,343,173 | 7,123,249 |
| 1968 | 2,323,619 | 7,007,586 |
| 1967 | 2,301,220 | 6,966,522 |
| 1966 | 2,283,217 | 6,927,969 |
| 1965 | 2,265,919 | 6,876,624 |
| 1964 | 2,240,623 | 6,832,855 |
| 1963 | 2,210,919 | 6,787,950 |
| 1962 | 2,181,586 | 6,740,264 |
| 1961 | 2,152,681 | 6,689,077 |
| 1960 | 2,120,979 | 6,638,992 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/latvia/serbia | CC BY
Fertility rates in Latvia and Serbia
| Year | Fertility rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Latvia
|
Serbia
|
|
| 2023 | 1.36 | 1.61 |
| 2022 | 1.47 | 1.59 |
| 2021 | 1.57 | 1.52 |
| 2020 | 1.55 | 1.48 |
| 2019 | 1.61 | 1.52 |
| 2018 | 1.6 | 1.49 |
| 2017 | 1.69 | 1.49 |
| 2016 | 1.74 | 1.46 |
| 2015 | 1.7 | 1.46 |
| 2014 | 1.65 | 1.46 |
| 2013 | 1.52 | 1.43 |
| 2012 | 1.44 | 1.45 |
| 2011 | 1.33 | 1.4 |
| 2010 | 1.36 | 1.4 |
| 2009 | 1.46 | 1.44 |
| 2008 | 1.58 | 1.4 |
| 2007 | 1.54 | 1.38 |
| 2006 | 1.46 | 1.43 |
| 2005 | 1.39 | 1.45 |
| 2004 | 1.29 | 1.57 |
| 2003 | 1.32 | 1.59 |
| 2002 | 1.26 | 1.57 |
| 2001 | 1.22 | 1.58 |
| 2000 | 1.25 | 1.48 |
| 1999 | 1.16 | 1.35 |
| 1998 | 1.09 | 1.37 |
| 1997 | 1.11 | 1.4 |
| 1996 | 1.16 | 1.44 |
| 1995 | 1.25 | 1.47 |
| 1994 | 1.39 | 1.51 |
| 1993 | 1.51 | 1.54 |
| 1992 | 1.73 | 1.57 |
| 1991 | 1.86 | 1.61 |
| 1990 | 2.02 | 1.65 |
| 1989 | 2.05 | 1.69 |
| 1988 | 2.11 | 1.72 |
| 1987 | 2.15 | 1.75 |
| 1986 | 2.12 | 1.78 |
| 1985 | 2.08 | 1.8 |
| 1984 | 2.09 | 1.81 |
| 1983 | 2.07 | 1.83 |
| 1982 | 1.97 | 1.84 |
| 1981 | 1.88 | 1.85 |
| 1980 | 1.86 | 1.86 |
| 1979 | 1.87 | 1.88 |
| 1978 | 1.87 | 1.89 |
| 1977 | 1.89 | 1.9 |
| 1976 | 1.93 | 1.91 |
| 1975 | 1.96 | 1.92 |
| 1974 | 1.97 | 1.93 |
| 1973 | 1.98 | 1.94 |
| 1972 | 2 | 1.95 |
| 1971 | 2 | 1.96 |
| 1970 | 1.96 | 1.97 |
| 1969 | 1.88 | 1.99 |
| 1968 | 1.83 | 2.01 |
| 1967 | 1.8 | 2.02 |
| 1966 | 1.76 | 2.04 |
| 1965 | 1.74 | 2.06 |
| 1964 | 1.79 | 2.07 |
| 1963 | 1.85 | 2.08 |
| 1962 | 1.91 | 2.11 |
| 1961 | 1.94 | 2.13 |
| 1960 | 1.94 | 2.15 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/latvia/serbia | CC BY
Latvia and Serbia demographics compared
| Year | Median age, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
Latvia
|
Serbia
|
|
| 2024 | 44.3 | 45.1 |
| 2023 | 44.1 | 44.9 |
| 2022 | 44 | 44.7 |
| 2021 | 43.9 | 44.5 |
| 2020 | 43.8 | 44.4 |
| 2019 | 43.6 | 44.2 |
| 2018 | 43.4 | 44 |
| 2017 | 43.2 | 43.7 |
| 2016 | 43 | 43.5 |
| 2015 | 42.8 | 43.3 |
| 2014 | 42.5 | 43 |
| 2013 | 42.3 | 42.8 |
| 2012 | 42 | 42.6 |
| 2011 | 41.6 | 42.4 |
| 2010 | 41.1 | 42.1 |
| 2009 | 40.5 | 41.9 |
| 2008 | 40.1 | 41.7 |
| 2007 | 39.9 | 41.5 |
| 2006 | 39.7 | 41.3 |
| 2005 | 39.4 | 41.1 |
| 2004 | 39.2 | 40.9 |
| 2003 | 38.9 | 40.7 |
| 2002 | 38.6 | 40.5 |
| 2001 | 38.3 | 40.3 |
| 2000 | 37.9 | 40.1 |
| 1999 | 37.6 | 39.8 |
| 1998 | 37.3 | 39.5 |
| 1997 | 36.9 | 39.2 |
| 1996 | 36.6 | 38.9 |
| 1995 | 36.2 | 38.5 |
| 1994 | 36 | 38.2 |
| 1993 | 35.6 | 37.8 |
| 1992 | 35.2 | 37.5 |
| 1991 | 34.8 | 37.1 |
| 1990 | 34.6 | 36.8 |
| 1989 | 34.5 | 36.5 |
| 1988 | 34.6 | 36.1 |
| 1987 | 34.6 | 35.7 |
| 1986 | 34.7 | 35.4 |
| 1985 | 34.7 | 35 |
| 1984 | 34.7 | 34.7 |
| 1983 | 34.6 | 34.4 |
| 1982 | 34.7 | 34.1 |
| 1981 | 34.8 | 33.9 |
| 1980 | 34.9 | 33.8 |
| 1979 | 35.1 | 33.7 |
| 1978 | 35.1 | 33.5 |
| 1977 | 35.1 | 33.4 |
| 1976 | 35 | 33.2 |
| 1975 | 34.9 | 33 |
| 1974 | 34.7 | 32.8 |
| 1973 | 34.6 | 32.7 |
| 1972 | 34.5 | 32.5 |
| 1971 | 34.3 | 32.2 |
| 1970 | 34.2 | 32 |
| 1969 | 34.1 | 31.7 |
| 1968 | 34 | 31.4 |
| 1967 | 33.8 | 31.1 |
| 1966 | 33.5 | 30.8 |
| 1965 | 33.2 | 30.5 |
| 1964 | 33 | 30.2 |
| 1963 | 32.8 | 29.8 |
| 1962 | 32.6 | 29.4 |
| 1961 | 32.4 | 29.1 |
| 1960 | 32.3 | 28.7 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/latvia/serbia | CC BY
Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to switch between world maps comparing statistics for Latvia and Serbia.
National statistics comparison
Finance
|
Latvia
|
Serbia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$40.4B
2024 |
$76.5B
2024 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
44.5%
2024 |
42.7%
2024 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
4.32%
2022 |
3.4%
2023 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
3.26%
2024 |
2.6%
2024 |
| Armed forces personnel |
9,000
2020 |
32,000
2020 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
-1.82%
2024 |
-1.75%
2024 |
| Unemployment rate |
6.88%
2024 |
7.24%
2024 |
| Services, % of GDP |
64.6%
2024 |
58.8%
2024 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
18.5%
2024 |
23.1%
2024 |
| Economic freedom index |
71.6
2026 |
65
2026 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
26.2%
2023 |
24.7%
2022 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.6%
2023 |
2.4%
2022 |
| Listed domestic companies |
56
2003 |
n/a |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies | n/a |
$4.06B
2011 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$5.14B
2024 |
$30.5B
2024 |
| Personal remittances received |
$1.34B
2024 |
$5.76B
2024 |
| International tourist arrivals |
3,204,000
2020 |
446,000
2020 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
7.25%
2007 |
5.58%
2020 |
| Banked people share |
95%
2024 |
83.3%
2024 |
Energy
|
Latvia
|
Serbia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
2,240 kg
2023 |
2,378 kg
2023 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$19
2023 |
$12.5
2023 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
6.81 megatons
2024 |
n/a |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
3.65 tons
2024 |
n/a |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
47.8%
2023 |
83%
2022 |
| Renewable energy use share |
44%
2021 |
27.2%
2021 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
8.79%
2023 |
7.3%
2023 |
| Net energy imports use share |
34.3%
2023 |
42.6%
2023 |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
3,617 kWh
2023 |
5,090 kWh
2023 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
63.6%
2021 |
35%
2021 |
| Hydroelectric share |
59.4%
2023 |
32.7%
2023 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
0%
2021 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
100%
2023 |
Society
|
Latvia
|
Serbia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.02%
2024 |
0.08%
2024 |
| Annual migration change |
-7,330
2025 |
-13,086
2025 |
| Urban population |
68.5%
2024 |
62.4%
2024 |
| Male:Female ratio |
46.4:53.6
2024 |
47.4:52.6
2024 |
| Average male height |
5.94 ft
2025 |
5.93 ft
2025 |
| Average female height |
5.54 ft
2025 |
5.52 ft
2025 |
| Quality of life index |
75.4
2026 |
63.9
2026 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
60
2025 |
33
2025 |
| Higher education index |
70
2026 |
82
2026 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
2.5
2023 |
1.31
2023 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
8.1
2019 |
7.5
2019 |
| Visa free countries |
171
2025 |
134
2025 |
| Adult literacy rate |
99.9%
2021 |
99.3%
2022 |
| English speaking |
45.9%
2023 |
55%
2025 |
| People using the Internet |
92.7%
2024 |
87.7%
2024 |
Health
|
Latvia
|
Serbia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$1,645
2023 |
$984
2023 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$577
2023 |
$316
2023 |
| Life expectancy |
76.6 years
2026 |
77.3 years
2026 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
0.14%
2023 |
0.0002%
2023 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
3.4
2022 |
3.1
2022 |
| Age at first childbirth |
28 years
2023 |
28.4 years
2023 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
19
2023 |
11
2023 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age |
3
2023 |
5.2
2023 |
| Obesity rate |
24.9%
2022 |
23.1%
2022 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
7.1%
2024 |
10.5%
2024 |
| Air quality index |
75
2026 |
40
2026 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
33.9%
2022 |
39.5%
2022 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
12.9 liters
2020 |
7.89 liters
2019 |
Territory
In-depth comparisons
Help us show the world through your eyes
Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.
Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
- World Obesity Federation (2022, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2023, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- Passport Index (2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Transparency International (2025, retrieved 2026-02-10)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
- EduRank (2026, retrieved 2025-10-13)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.