Skip to content

Economy of Argentina vs Rwanda compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Argentina has a GDP of $683B compared to $16.4B for Rwanda, ranking 25/197 and 142/197 by economy size, respectively.

Argentina has $549B in government debt (80.3% of GDP), compared to $10.6B (64.6% of GDP) in Rwanda.

Argentina vs Rwanda GDP by year

Argentina
Rwanda
1x
Year GDP, current $
Argentina Rwanda
2025 $683,097,891,619 $16,372,132,990
2024 $638,365,455,340 $15,111,064,182
2023 $649,461,687,959 $14,806,501,437
2022 $633,993,756,301 $13,747,404,814
2021 $486,564,085,480 $11,252,894,910
2020 $385,740,508,437 $10,487,146,253
2019 $447,754,683,615 $10,519,272,170
2018 $524,819,892,360 $9,650,161,136
2017 $643,628,393,281 $9,164,345,443
2016 $557,532,320,663 $8,596,812,241
2015 $594,749,285,413 $8,447,064,079
2014 $526,319,673,732 $8,129,984,484
2013 $552,025,140,252 $7,714,276,920
2012 $545,982,375,701 $7,556,673,276
2011 $530,158,122,010 $6,802,676,034
2010 $423,627,422,092 $6,052,276,078
2009 $332,976,484,578 $5,603,399,015
2008 $361,558,037,110 $5,120,655,375
2007 $287,530,508,431 $4,017,977,507
2006 $232,557,260,817 $3,274,207,945
2005 $198,737,095,012 $2,933,819,766
2004 $164,657,930,453 $2,376,496,067
2003 $127,586,973,492 $2,138,237,279
2002 $97,724,004,252 $1,966,003,468
2001 $268,696,750,000 $1,966,600,715
2000 $284,203,750,000 $2,068,836,754
1999 $283,523,000,000 $2,157,108,263
1998 $298,948,250,000 $1,989,343,546
1997 $292,859,000,000 $1,851,558,197
1996 $272,149,750,000 $1,382,334,879
1995 $258,031,750,000 $1,293,535,193
1994 $257,440,000,000 $753,636,370
1993 $236,741,715,015 $1,971,525,712
1992 $228,778,917,308 $2,029,026,962
1991 $189,719,984,268 $1,911,600,237
1990 $141,352,654,305 $2,550,185,679
1989 $76,629,728,760 $2,405,022,593
1988 $126,890,235,049 $2,395,492,687
1987 $108,810,885,301 $2,157,432,668
1986 $105,872,372,614 $1,944,710,684
1985 $88,150,891,728 $1,715,626,331
1984 $116,915,052,107 $1,587,413,084
1983 $103,979,106,778 $1,479,687,587
1982 $84,307,486,837 $1,407,243,139
1981 $78,676,842,367 $1,407,062,527
1980 $76,961,923,741 $1,254,765,642
1979 $69,252,328,952 $1,109,346,131
1978 $89,049,453,088 $905,709,076
1977 $56,781,000,101 $746,650,613
1976 $51,169,499,892 $637,753,853
1975 $52,438,647,922 $571,863,500
1974 $72,436,777,342 $308,458,423
1973 $52,544,000,117 $290,746,157
1972 $34,733,000,536 $246,457,838
1971 $33,293,199,095 $222,952,504
1970 $31,584,210,366 $219,900,006
1969 $31,256,284,544 $188,700,037
1968 $26,436,857,247 $172,200,018
1967 $24,256,667,553 $159,560,018
1966 $28,630,474,728 $124,525,703
1965 $28,344,705,967 $148,799,980
1964 $25,605,249,382 $129,999,994
1963 $18,272,123,664 $128,000,000
1962 $18,337,691,145 $125,000,008
1961 $20,132,220,375 $122,000,016
1960 $15,865,474,315 $119,000,024

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/rwanda | CC BY

GDP per capita in Argentina vs Rwanda by year

Argentina
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Rwanda
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Argentina Rwanda
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $14,898 - $1,124 -
2024 $13,970 $30,431 $1,060 $3,711
2023 $14,262 $30,221 $1,061 $3,399
2022 $13,962 $29,809 $1,007 $3,099
2021 $10,738 $26,300 $843 $2,733
2020 $8,536 $22,393 $803 $2,285
2019 $9,956 $23,517 $823 $2,336
2018 $11,753 $24,410 $773 $2,125
2017 $14,533 $23,385 $751 $1,968
2016 $12,700 $20,106 $721 $1,866
2015 $13,680 $19,899 $726 $1,781
2014 $12,233 $19,487 $715 $1,678
2013 $12,964 $19,929 $695 $1,512
2012 $12,950 $19,430 $698 $1,455
2011 $12,704 $19,105 $643 $1,413
2010 $10,260 $17,848 $587 $1,314
2009 $8,150 $16,182 $557 $1,241
2008 $8,944 $17,277 $522 $1,191
2007 $7,185 $16,455 $421 $1,079
2006 $5,869 $14,844 $352 $1,002
2005 $5,068 $13,465 $324 $914
2004 $4,242 $12,118 $269.5 $832
2003 $3,320 $10,933 $249 $775
2002 $2,570 $9,953 $234 $760
2001 $7,141 $11,118 $237.3 $670
2000 $7,637 $11,500 $251.9 $609
1999 $7,706 $11,464 $264.7 $554
1998 $8,219 $11,836 $246.2 $528
1997 $8,147 $11,403 $238.7 $500
1996 $7,663 $10,496 $206 $499
1995 $7,358 $9,891 $228 $514
1994 $7,438 $10,103 $111 $311
1993 $6,932 $9,472 $247 $521
1992 $6,790 $8,668 $264.1 $575
1991 $5,709 $7,961 $254 $542
1990 $4,315 $7,158 $346 $549
1989 $2,375 - $335 -
1988 $3,993 - $344 -
1987 $3,477 - $320 -
1986 $3,436 - $297.7 -
1985 $2,906 - $271.6 -
1984 $3,915 - $259.9 -
1983 $3,538 - $250.6 -
1982 $2,915 - $246.4 -
1981 $2,764 - $254.6 -
1980 $2,748 - $234.4 -
1979 $2,512 - $213.8 -
1978 $3,282 - $179.9 -
1977 $2,126 - $152.7 -
1976 $1,947 - $134.4 -
1975 $2,027 - $124.1 -
1974 $2,845 - $68.9 -
1973 $2,098 - $66.9 -
1972 $1,409 - $58.4 -
1971 $1,373 - $54.4 -
1970 $1,323 - $55.2 -
1969 $1,330 - $48.9 -
1968 $1,142 - $46 -
1967 $1,064 - $44 -
1966 $1,275 - $35.4 -
1965 $1,282 - $43.5 -
1964 $1,176 - $39 -
1963 $853 - $39.3 -
1962 $870 - $39.2 -
1961 $971 - $39.3 -
1960 $778 - $39.4 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/rwanda | CC BY

Argentina's GDP per capita is $14,898, ranking 70/197, compared to $1,124 in Rwanda, ranking 178/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Argentina ranks 73rd at $30,431, while Rwanda ranks 168th at $3,711.

Economic indicators

Argentina Rwanda
Gross domestic product
$683B
2025
$16.4B
2025
GDP rank
25/197
2025
142/197
2025
GDP growth
4.37%
2024-2025
9.38%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$14,898
2025
$1,124
2025
GDP per capita rank
70/197
2025
178/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$30,431
2024
$3,711
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
73/197
2024
168/197
2024
Government debt
$549B
2025
$10.6B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.3%
2025
64.6%
2025
Government debt per person
$11,965
2025
$726
2025
Government debt per person rank
52/185
2025
155/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$8,751
2026
$1,614
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$52.9B
2022
$3.2B
2025
Number of billionaires
5
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
31.2%
2024
33.4%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.9%
2024
3.1%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
31.6%
2025
24.1%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
41.9%
2024-2025
5.91%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
29%
2025
6.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
7.38%
2025
5.36%
2025
Population
46083022
15062056

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Argentina
Spending

Debt
Rwanda
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Argentina Rwanda
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 31.6% 80.3% 24.1% 64.6%
2024 31% 84.7% 27.1% 63.4%
2023 37.6% 154.6% 26.2% 61.4%
2022 37.6% 84.3% 28.7% 59%
2021 37.9% 81% 31% 66.2%
2020 42.5% 103.8% 32.5% 66.7%
2019 38.1% 89.8% 27.7% 52.8%
2018 38.9% 85.2% 26.3% 49.2%
2017 41.1% 57% 25.3% 46.1%
2016 41.5% 53.1% 25.4% 41.5%
2015 41.4% 52.6% 26.9% 33.5%
2014 38.9% 44.7% 27.8% 29.5%
2013 37.6% 43.5% 26.5% 27%
2012 36.8% 40.4% 24.9% 19.3%
2011 34.9% 38.9% 25% 18.9%
2010 33.4% 43.5% 24.1% 19%
2009 34.5% 55.4% 22.6% 18.7%
2008 30.8% 53.8% 22.7% 18.5%
2007 29.6% 62.1% 22.7% 22.4%
2006 26.6% 70.8% 20.9% 22.8%
2005 24.4% 80.3% 20.2% 59.8%
2004 23% 117.9% 18.1% 82.1%
2003 22% 125.2% 18.8% 80.7%
2002 21.9% 147.2% 20.7% 93.4%
2001 26.4% 48% 19.3% 85.2%
2000 25.2% 40.8% 18.5% 87.2%
1999 25.5% 38.9% 22.7% 79.5%
1998 23.1% 34.1% 16.6% 71.1%
1997 22.6% 31.7% 17.2% 73.3%
1996 22.7% 32.6% 19.8% 84.6%
1995 22.9% 30.7% 18.3% 102.2%
1994 22.9% 28.4% 13.5% -
1993 22% 26.9% 20.6% -
1992 12.1% 25% 21.8% -
1991 11.4% 35.7% - -
1990 11% 48.5% - -
1989 11% 118.2% - -
1988 12.3% 61.4% - -
1987 13.7% 74.1% - -
1986 13.7% 55.9% - -
1985 14.7% 55.2% - -
1984 13% 54.6% - -
1983 14.2% 64.2% - -
1982 15.9% 52.2% - -
1981 17% 26.5% - -
1980 15.2% 11.4% - -
1979 14.5% 12.4% - -
1978 14.9% 17.5% - -
1977 12.6% 25.1% - -
1976 13% 28.7% - -
1975 12.5% 33.8% - -
1974 14% 13% - -
1973 12.6% 12% - -
1972 11.2% 17.1% - -
1971 11.7% 15.2% - -
1970 12% 13.5% - -
1969 12.3% 9.63% - -
1968 12.8% 9.43% - -
1967 13% 10.9% - -
1966 12.1% 13.4% - -
1965 11.6% 15.9% - -
1964 11.8% 16.8% - -
1963 11.2% 23.4% - -
1962 11.3% 25.1% - -
1961 12.3% 8.69% - -
1960 11.3% 8.39% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1992–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/rwanda | CC BY

In 2025, Argentina's government spending was $216B, accounting for 31.6% of its GDP, while Rwanda spent $3.95B, or 24.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.3% in Argentina and 64.6% in Rwanda, ranking 43/185 and 68/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Argentina

Rwanda
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Argentina Rwanda
2025 -0.38% -4.49%
2024 0.46% -6.19%
2023 -5.33% -4.88%
2022 -3.84% -5.56%
2021 -4.33% -6.89%
2020 -8.67% -9.26%
2019 -4.44% -5%
2018 -5.44% -2.57%
2017 -6.69% -2.54%
2016 -6.65% -2.3%
2015 -6% -2.71%
2014 -4.25% -3.97%
2013 -3.25% -1.29%
2012 -3.02% -2.41%
2011 -2.75% -0.87%
2010 -1.39% -0.65%
2009 -1.83% 0.26%
2008 0.35% 0.84%
2007 0.76% -1.58%
2006 1.65% -0.03%
2005 3.34% 1.14%
2004 3.97% 2.31%
2003 1.5% -1.25%
2002 -1.91% -2.06%
2001 -5.36% -1.83%
2000 -3.42% -0.22%
1999 -3.71% -4.48%
1998 -1.83% -2.63%
1997 -1.84% -2.25%
1996 -2.81% -5.08%
1995 -2.07% -2.07%
1994 -1.25% -9.68%
1993 -0.02% -6.7%
1992 1.54% -7.31%
1991 0.96% -
1990 -0.14% -
1989 -0.25% -
1988 -1.75% -
1987 1.89% -
1986 3.3% -
1985 3.6% -
1984 -1.39% -
1983 -2.89% -
1982 -4.68% -
1981 -3.93% -
1980 -1.14% -
1979 -1.5% -
1978 -1.36% -
1977 -0.54% -
1976 -2.39% -
1975 -2.9% -
1974 -1.08% -
1973 -1.48% -
1972 -0.12% -
1971 0.32% -
1970 1.01% -
1969 0.54% -
1968 0.25% -
1967 0.66% -
1966 -0.98% -
1965 -0.89% -
1964 -1.34% -
1963 -0.65% -
1962 -0.47% -
1961 1.73% -
1960 -1.98% -
1959 -4.82% -
1958 -6.61% -
1957 -2.72% -
1956 -3.77% -
1955 -3.75% -
1954 -3.21% -
1953 -3.1% -
1952 -3.01% -
1951 -3.52% -
1950 -3.38% -
1949 -3.98% -
1948 -2.73% -
1947 -1.6% -
1946 -4.12% -
1945 -5.25% -
1944 -4.61% -
1943 -3.86% -
1942 -2.9% -
1941 -2.85% -
1940 -2.31% -
1939 -3.09% -
1938 -2.09% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -1.44% -
1935 -1.16% -
1934 -1.56% -
1933 -1.27% -
1932 -1.19% -
1931 -2.98% -
1930 -3.94% -
1929 -1.95% -
1928 -1.52% -
1927 -3.3% -
1926 -1% -
1925 -0.46% -
1924 -0.68% -
1923 -0.93% -
1922 -1.86% -
1921 -0.99% -
1920 0.2% -
1919 -0.3% -
1918 -1.14% -
1917 -2.18% -
1916 -2.13% -
1915 -2.64% -
1914 -3.03% -
1913 -0.61% -
1912 -0.78% -
1911 -2.19% -
1910 -2.24% -
1909 -2.57% -
1908 0.28% -
1907 -0.2% -
1906 -0.32% -
1905 -3.52% -
1904 0.15% -
1903 -0.25% -
1902 -2.2% -
1901 -0.54% -
1900 -0.42% -
1899 -0.4% -
1898 -9.31% -
1897 -1.46% -
1896 -4.19% -
1895 -1.59% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 0.06% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -4.48% -
1890 -1.82% -
1889 -2.88% -
1888 -0.69% -
1887 0.35% -
1886 -2.39% -
1885 -2.67% -
1884 -4.07% -
1883 -4.19% -
1882 -5.42% -
1881 -2.31% -
1880 -2.15% -
1879 -1.09% -
1878 -1.08% -
1877 -1.68% -
1876 -4.15% -
1875 -3.08% -
1874 -2.59% -
1873 -1.39% -
1872 -1.18% -
1871 -5.54% -
1870 -2.74% -
1869 -1.61% -
1868 -1.8% -
1867 -1.08% -
1866 -2.09% -
1865 -0.79% -
1864 0.51% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1992–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/rwanda | CC BY

In 2025, Argentina's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $2.6B, equivalent to 0.38% of GDP. This compares to Rwanda's deficit of $736M, or 4.49% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Argentina recorded a fiscal deficit in 26 of those years, while Rwanda ran a deficit in 30 years. On average, Argentina posted an annual deficit equal to 2.32% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.06% of GDP for Rwanda.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Argentina

Rwanda
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Argentina Rwanda
2025 41.9% 5.91%
2024 219.9% 1.77%
2023 133.5% 19.8%
2022 72.4% 17.7%
2021 48.4% -0.39%
2020 42% 9.85%
2019 53.5% 3.35%
2018 34.3% -0.31%
2017 25.7% 8.28%
2016 - 7.17%
2015 - 2.53%
2014 - 2.35%
2013 10.6% 5.92%
2012 10% 10.3%
2011 9.8% 3.08%
2010 10.5% -0.25%
2009 6.3% 12.9%
2008 8.6% 15.4%
2007 8.8% 9.08%
2006 10.9% 8.88%
2005 9.6% 9.01%
2004 4.4% 12.3%
2003 13.4% 7.45%
2002 25.9% 1.99%
2001 -1.1% 3.34%
2000 -0.9% 3.9%
1999 -1.2% -2.41%
1998 0.9% 6.21%
1997 - 12%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1998–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/rwanda | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Argentina has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 31.9%, compared with 6.61% in Rwanda. In 2025, inflation was 41.9% in Argentina and 5.91% in Rwanda.

Top exports between countries

Argentina
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $1.87M
Miscellaneous $31K
Rwanda
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $2.49M

Balance of trade

Argentina Rwanda
Current account balance
-$7.58B
2025
-$1.81B
2024
Current account balance ranking
169/190
2025
136/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.11%
2025
-12%
2024
Goods imports
$71.8B
2025
$5.55B
2024
Goods exports
$87.2B
2025
$3.2B
2024
Service imports
$29.3B
2025
$991M
2024
Service exports
$18B
2025
$1.08B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
14.8%
2025
35.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
15.6%
2025
21.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Argentina Rwanda
Economic freedom 57.4 56.5
Economic freedom ranking 117/197 121/197
Property rights 41.2 60.3
Government integrity 41.2 53.9
Judicial effectiveness 58.2 27.5
Tax burden 67.8 80.6
Government spending 62.3 75.7
Fiscal health 72.2 37.5
Business freedom 56.8 60.1
Labor freedom 53.5 49.1
Monetary freedom 28.9 72.3
Trade freedom 67.4 61.8
Investment freedom 70 60
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Argentina
Rwanda
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Argentina Rwanda
2026 57.4 56.5
2025 54.2 54.8
2024 49.9 51.6
2023 51 52.2
2022 50.1 57.1
2021 52.7 68.3
2020 53.1 70.9
2019 52.2 71.1
2018 52.3 69.1
2017 50.4 67.6
2016 43.8 63.1
2015 44.1 64.8
2014 44.6 64.7
2013 46.7 64.1
2012 48 64.9
2011 51.7 62.7
2010 51.2 59.1
2009 52.3 54.2
2008 54.2 54.2
2007 54 52.4
2006 53.4 52.8
2005 51.7 51.7
2004 53.9 53.3
2003 56.3 47.8
2002 65.7 50.4
2001 68.6 45.4
2000 70 42.3
1999 70.6 39.8
1998 70.9 39.1
1997 73.3 38.3
1996 74.7 -
1995 68 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/rwanda | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Argentina is 57.4, ranking 117/197, compared to 56.5 for Rwanda, ranking 121/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Argentina Rwanda
Services, % of GDP
56.2%
2025
52.3%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
22.9%
2025
22%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.53%
2025
20.3%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$672B
2025
$16.7B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$31,920
2025
$4,070
2025
Total reserves including gold
$41B
2025
$1.96B
2025
Total reserves ranking
54/177
2025
128/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$300M
2025
-$560M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$11.6B
2024
$573M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.76B
2024
$13.2M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
6.32%
2024
2.91%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
38.1%
2024
27.4%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
16.1%
2025
34.1%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/rwanda | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1992–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.