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Economy of Mauritania vs Rwanda compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Mauritania has a GDP of $10.8B compared to $14.3B for Rwanda, ranking 152/197 and 144/197 by economy size, respectively.

Mauritania has $4.84B in government debt (45.7% of GDP), compared to $9.58B (77.6% of GDP) in Rwanda.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Mauritania
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Rwanda
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Mauritania Rwanda
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 - - $119,000,024 $1,013,800,020
1961 $159,213,430 $1,064,724,230 $122,000,016 $970,231,700
1962 $164,271,558 $1,072,460,606 $125,000,008 $1,080,195,804
1963 $168,186,297 $1,051,185,480 $128,000,000 $974,115,776
1964 $224,495,744 $1,342,268,057 $129,999,994 $852,692,316
1965 $255,340,475 $1,558,887,712 $148,799,980 $912,462,033
1966 $266,533,605 $1,562,488,150 $124,525,703 $976,415,683
1967 $282,615,310 $1,618,224,178 $159,560,018 $1,043,944,763
1968 $311,395,937 $1,783,225,478 $172,200,018 $1,117,164,761
1969 $295,062,308 $1,805,489,621 $188,700,037 $1,240,135,222
1970 $309,405,316 $2,021,894,364 $219,900,006 $1,314,561,010
1971 $335,568,907 $2,059,155,581 $222,952,504 $1,330,423,038
1972 $391,669,449 $2,044,063,867 $246,457,838 $1,333,922,959
1973 $493,237,876 $1,950,348,507 $290,746,157 $1,379,784,406
1974 $613,010,553 $2,187,561,811 $308,458,423 $1,399,236,932
1975 $703,377,837 $2,075,244,196 $571,863,500 $1,369,659,506
1976 $775,045,517 $2,252,596,743 $637,753,853 $1,636,805,801
1977 $799,030,017 $2,210,279,603 $746,650,613 $1,669,445,501
1978 $804,629,877 $2,199,124,016 $905,709,076 $1,822,213,801
1979 $951,900,945 $2,304,462,932 $1,109,346,131 $2,038,508,904
1980 $1,047,925,106 $2,382,151,222 $1,254,765,642 $2,220,988,318
1981 $1,105,494,682 $2,464,342,310 $1,407,062,527 $2,341,725,674
1982 $1,108,776,653 $2,406,678,570 $1,407,243,139 $2,384,130,730
1983 $1,165,171,263 $2,496,576,246 $1,479,687,587 $2,526,710,090
1984 $1,074,373,230 $2,416,015,114 $1,587,413,084 $2,419,558,044
1985 $1,009,723,326 $2,488,368,981 $1,715,626,331 $2,526,085,095
1986 $1,186,628,778 $2,630,543,917 $1,944,710,684 $2,664,315,945
1987 $1,344,664,725 $2,680,534,357 $2,157,432,668 $2,663,675,547
1988 $1,414,951,290 $2,726,650,215 $2,395,492,687 $2,783,509,648
1989 $1,450,647,019 $2,856,918,259 $2,405,022,593 $2,782,492,713
1990 $1,506,914,408 $2,806,313,536 $2,550,185,679 $2,715,732,613
1991 $2,133,692,697 $2,856,492,871 $1,911,600,237 $2,647,448,785
1992 $2,164,298,425 $2,910,027,139 $2,029,026,962 $2,802,926,178
1993 $1,847,353,211 $3,080,951,582 $1,971,525,712 $2,575,645,531
1994 $1,944,876,755 $2,986,651,906 $753,636,370 $1,281,433,436
1995 $2,091,726,101 $3,279,935,161 $1,293,535,193 $1,732,806,553
1996 $2,132,087,009 $3,470,788,902 $1,382,334,879 $1,953,664,804
1997 $2,071,996,564 $3,330,406,023 $1,851,558,197 $2,224,242,544
1998 $2,032,347,665 $3,422,918,202 $1,989,343,546 $2,421,280,840
1999 $1,985,922,776 $3,548,648,091 $2,157,108,263 $2,526,652,278
2000 $1,779,520,886 $3,409,611,141 $2,068,836,754 $2,738,155,711
2001 $1,746,063,558 $3,382,351,510 $1,966,600,715 $2,970,476,184
2002 $1,777,057,481 $3,429,078,154 $1,966,003,468 $3,362,343,590
2003 $2,051,147,607 $3,666,653,932 $2,138,237,279 $3,436,395,425
2004 $2,362,501,023 $3,840,187,785 $2,376,496,067 $3,692,326,726
2005 $2,936,019,526 $4,169,149,304 $2,933,819,766 $4,038,589,403
2006 $3,919,577,286 $4,933,487,730 $3,319,784,539 $4,411,233,107
2007 $4,346,212,355 $4,836,326,500 $4,070,507,895 $4,747,955,684
2008 $5,206,437,194 $4,820,314,428 $5,179,854,065 $5,277,886,761
2009 $4,714,595,548 $4,825,032,355 $5,674,476,969 $5,607,662,717
2010 $5,628,878,798 $4,951,459,275 $6,124,756,654 $6,018,965,512
2011 $6,764,627,746 $5,158,072,940 $6,884,913,658 $6,497,978,183
2012 $6,728,208,836 $5,388,639,481 $7,654,761,045 $7,059,501,498
2013 $7,223,071,097 $5,612,311,839 $7,819,964,024 $7,392,699,278
2014 $6,592,537,782 $5,852,228,253 $8,238,966,120 $7,848,619,326
2015 $6,166,863,897 $6,166,863,897 $8,543,760,206 $8,543,760,206
2016 $6,398,747,592 $6,244,622,453 $8,695,272,061 $9,053,886,363
2017 $6,800,135,898 $6,636,194,356 $9,252,833,894 $9,408,633,107
2018 $7,473,550,557 $6,952,885,074 $9,637,904,519 $10,209,916,262
2019 $7,894,764,886 $7,171,275,535 $10,349,300,277 $11,174,486,378
2020 $8,260,752,385 $7,145,411,800 $10,174,386,855 $10,797,494,132
2021 $9,222,536,364 $7,198,481,874 $11,078,787,095 $11,969,932,692
2022 $9,557,966,698 $7,687,691,069 $13,316,161,006 $12,946,823,702
2023 $10,651,709,314 $8,187,943,518 $14,331,722,700 $14,014,924,102
2024 $10,766,731,874 $8,613,716,581 $14,251,642,231 $15,260,942,693

Economic indicators

Mauritania Rwanda
Gross domestic product
$10.8B
2024
$14.3B
2024
GDP rank
152/197
2024
144/197
2024
GDP growth
1.08%
2023-2024
-0.56%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,083
2024
$1,000
2024
GDP per capita rank
157/197
2024
177/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$7,271
2024
$3,711
2024
Government debt
$4.84B
2024
$9.58B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
45.7%
2025
77.6%
2025
Government debt per person
$936
2024
$672
2024
Government debt per person rank
144/185
2024
156/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,194
2025
$2,587
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$2.75B
2024
Income share by richest 10%
24.6%
2019
33.4%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.1%
2019
3.1%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
25.5%
2025
27.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.49%
2023-2024
1.77%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
6.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
10.4%
2019
11.3%
2024
Population
5432542
14826674

GDP per capita in Mauritania vs Rwanda

Mauritania's GDP per capita is $2,083, ranking 157/197, compared to $1,000 in Rwanda, ranking 177/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Mauritania ranks 146th at $7,271, while Rwanda ranks 168th at $3,711.

Mauritania
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Rwanda
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Mauritania Rwanda
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 - - $39.4 -
1961 $188.2 - $39.3 -
1962 $189 - $39.2 -
1963 $188.2 - $39.3 -
1964 $244.3 - $39 -
1965 $270 - $43.5 -
1966 $273.6 - $35.4 -
1967 $281.5 - $44 -
1968 $301 - $46 -
1969 $276.6 - $48.9 -
1970 $281.3 - $55.2 -
1971 $296 - $54.4 -
1972 $335 - $58.4 -
1973 $410 - $66.9 -
1974 $494 - $68.9 -
1975 $551 - $124.1 -
1976 $589 - $134.4 -
1977 $590 - $152.7 -
1978 $578 - $179.9 -
1979 $664 - $213.8 -
1980 $711 - $234.4 -
1981 $729 - $254.6 -
1982 $710 - $246.4 -
1983 $725 - $250.6 -
1984 $650 - $259.9 -
1985 $593 - $271.6 -
1986 $677 - $297.7 -
1987 $746 - $320 -
1988 $762 - $344 -
1989 $762 - $335 -
1990 $772 $2,070 $346 $549
1991 $1,062 $2,116 $254 $542
1992 $1,036 $2,122 $264.1 $575
1993 $850 $2,209 $247 $521
1994 $865 $2,114 $111 $311
1995 $905 $2,306 $228 $514
1996 $904 $2,436 $206 $499
1997 $859 $2,325 $238.7 $500
1998 $821 $2,355 $246.2 $528
1999 $781 $2,411 $264.7 $554
2000 $681 $2,304 $251.9 $609
2001 $652 $2,280 $237.3 $670
2002 $649 $2,296 $234 $760
2003 $732 $2,447 $249 $775
2004 $824 $2,570 $269.5 $832
2005 $999 $2,809 $324 $914
2006 $1,301 $3,342 $357 $1,002
2007 $1,405 $3,278 $426 $1,079
2008 $1,636 $3,236 $528 $1,191
2009 $1,435 $3,159 $564 $1,241
2010 $1,660 $3,178 $594 $1,314
2011 $1,931 $3,271 $651 $1,413
2012 $1,859 $3,465 $707 $1,455
2013 $1,934 $3,831 $705 $1,512
2014 $1,713 $3,865 $725 $1,678
2015 $1,555 $3,978 $734 $1,781
2016 $1,566 $4,683 $730 $1,866
2017 $1,615 $5,353 $758 $1,968
2018 $1,723 $5,429 $772 $2,125
2019 $1,767 $5,610 $810 $2,336
2020 $1,796 $5,741 $779 $2,285
2021 $1,948 $5,837 $830 $2,733
2022 $1,960 $6,485 $975 $3,099
2023 $2,121 $6,946 $1,027 $3,399
2024 $2,083 $7,271 $1,000 $3,711

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Mauritania's government spending was $2.6B, accounting for 25.5% of its GDP, while Rwanda's spent $4.1B, or 27.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 45.7% in Mauritania and 77.6% in Rwanda, ranking 116/185 and 46/185, respectively.

Mauritania
Government spending

Government debt
Rwanda
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Mauritania Rwanda
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1992 - - 21.5% -
1993 - - 20.3% -
1994 - - 13.3% -
1995 - - 18% 100.8%
1996 - - 19.5% 83.4%
1997 - - 17% 72.2%
1998 - - 16.4% 70.1%
1999 - - 22.4% 78.4%
2000 - 55.5% 18.2% 86%
2001 - 63.5% 19.1% 84%
2002 - 59.5% 20.5% 92%
2003 - 22.9% 18.5% 79.5%
2004 23.9% 22% 17.9% 80.9%
2005 21.3% 71.1% 19.9% 58.9%
2006 19% 38% 20.6% 22.5%
2007 19.7% 61.5% 22.4% 22.1%
2008 19.8% 57.2% 22.5% 18.3%
2009 19.6% 54.3% 22.3% 18.5%
2010 17.3% 43.9% 23.8% 18.8%
2011 17% 38.8% 24.7% 18.7%
2012 21.5% 39.3% 24.6% 19.1%
2013 20.1% 40.7% 26.2% 26.7%
2014 23.9% 49.5% 27.5% 29.1%
2015 25.7% 59.9% 26.6% 33.1%
2016 20.8% 57.6% 25.1% 41.1%
2017 20.3% 55.7% 25.1% 45.6%
2018 19% 59.2% 26.4% 49.2%
2019 17.8% 57.7% 28.2% 53.6%
2020 18.5% 56.5% 33.5% 68.7%
2021 20.8% 54.5% 31.6% 67.3%
2022 28.7% 50.5% 29.7% 60.9%
2023 25% 47.5% 27% 63.4%
2024 24.1% 44.9% 28.8% 67.2%
2025 25.5% 45.7% 27.4% 77.6%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Mauritania's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$13.5M, equivalent to -0.12% of GDP. This compares to Rwanda's deficit of -$936M, or -6.57% of GDP.

Over the past 21 years, Mauritania recorded a fiscal deficit in 12 of those years, while Rwanda ran a deficit in 17 years. On average, Mauritania posted an annual deficit equal to -0.51% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2.63% of GDP for Rwanda.

Deficit/surplus
Mauritania

Rwanda
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Mauritania Rwanda
1992 - -7.21%
1993 - -6.6%
1994 - -9.54%
1995 - -2.04%
1996 - -5.01%
1997 - -2.22%
1998 - -2.59%
1999 - -4.41%
2000 - -0.22%
2001 - -1.8%
2002 - -2.03%
2003 - -1.23%
2004 -3.06% 2.27%
2005 -3.16% 1.12%
2006 2.05% -0.03%
2007 -1.38% -1.56%
2008 -3.32% 0.83%
2009 -3.59% 0.26%
2010 -0.45% -0.64%
2011 0.07% -0.86%
2012 1.67% -2.38%
2013 -0.66% -1.27%
2014 -2.64% -3.92%
2015 -2.44% -2.68%
2016 0.13% -2.27%
2017 0.53% -2.52%
2018 3.23% -2.57%
2019 2.65% -5.08%
2020 2.78% -9.54%
2021 2.6% -7%
2022 -3.09% -5.74%
2023 -2.47% -5.04%
2024 -0.12% -6.57%
2025 -1.27% -6.29%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Mauritania has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.96%, compared with 6.85% in Rwanda. In 2024, inflation was 2.49% in Mauritania and 1.77% in Rwanda.

Inflation
Mauritania

Rwanda
Year Inflation
Mauritania Rwanda Mauritania Rwanda
1996 4.68% 7.41%
1997 4.63% 12%
1998 8.03% 6.21%
1999 4.07% -2.41%
2000 3.25% 3.9%
2001 4.71% 3.34%
2002 3.9% 1.99%
2003 5.15% 7.45%
2004 10.4% 12.3%
2005 12.1% 9.01%
2006 6.24% 8.88%
2007 7.25% 9.08%
2008 7.35% 15.4%
2009 2.22% 12.9%
2010 6.28% -0.25%
2011 5.69% 3.08%
2012 4.9% 10.3%
2013 4.13% 5.92%
2014 3.53% 2.35%
2015 3.25% 2.53%
2016 1.47% 7.17%
2017 2.25% 8.28%
2018 3.07% -0.31%
2019 2.3% 3.35%
2020 2.39% 9.85%
2021 3.57% -0.39%
2022 9.53% 17.7%
2023 4.95% 19.8%
2024 2.49% 1.77%

Top exports between countries

Mauritania
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $2K
Rwanda
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $1K

Balance of trade

Mauritania Rwanda
Current account balance
-$1.04B
2024
-$1.65B
2023
Current account balance ranking
123/189
2024
136/189
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
-9.65%
2024
-11.5%
2023
Goods imports
$4.32B
2024
$4.83B
2023
Goods exports
$3.83B
2024
$2.47B
2023
Service imports
$1.05B
2024
$948M
2023
Service exports
$230M
2024
$1.04B
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.2%
2023
39.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
38.3%
2023
30.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Mauritania Rwanda
Economic freedom 54.9 54.8
Economic freedom ranking 131/197 133/197
Property rights 35.8 62
Government integrity 23.8 50.5
Judicial effectiveness 28.3 27.1
Tax burden 75.8 81.3
Government spending 81.5 73.8
Fiscal health 95.4 35
Business freedom 38.8 56.8
Labor freedom 53.6 48.7
Monetary freedom 74.6 67.3
Trade freedom 60.6 55.2
Investment freedom 50 60
Financial freedom 40 40

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Mauritania is 54.9, ranking 131/197, compared to 54.8 for Rwanda, ranking 133/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Mauritania
Rwanda
Year Economic freedom index
Mauritania Rwanda
1996 45.5 -
1997 47 38.3
1998 43.7 39.1
1999 42.8 39.8
2000 46 42.3
2001 48.5 45.4
2002 52.5 50.4
2003 59 47.8
2004 61.8 53.3
2005 59.4 51.7
2006 55.7 52.8
2007 53.6 52.4
2008 55.2 54.2
2009 53.9 54.2
2010 52 59.1
2011 52.1 62.7
2012 53 64.9
2013 52.3 64.1
2014 53.2 64.7
2015 53.3 64.8
2016 54.8 63.1
2017 54.4 67.6
2018 54 69.1
2019 55.7 71.1
2020 55.3 70.9
2021 56.1 68.3
2022 55.3 57.1
2023 55.3 52.2
2024 55.3 51.6
2025 54.9 54.8

More economic indicators

Mauritania Rwanda
Services, % of GDP
43.2%
2024
47.6%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.6%
2024
21%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
18.6%
2024
24.6%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$10.8B
2024
$14.8B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$7,200
2024
$3,620
2024
Total reserves including gold
$2.04B
2021
$2.41B
2024
Total reserves ranking
126/177
2021
123/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.44B
2024
-$459M
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.44B
2024
$819M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$3.9M
2024
$9.86M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.68%
2023
3.88%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
31.8%
2019
27.4%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
42.4%
2023
25.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.