Guinea has a GDP of $25.3B compared to $26.6B for Mali, ranking 117/197 and 113/197 by economy size, respectively.
Guinea has $12.1B in government debt (39.6% of GDP), compared to $13.8B (51.7% of GDP) in Mali.
The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.
| Year | GDP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Guinea
|
Mali
|
|||
| Current $ | Constant $ | Current $ | Constant $ | |
| 1967 | - | - | $275,494,478 | $2,208,088,440 |
| 1968 | - | - | $343,771,973 | $2,289,973,417 |
| 1969 | - | - | $339,913,867 | $2,295,263,242 |
| 1970 | $3,220,224,608 | $1,942,094,537 | $359,772,315 | $2,436,122,511 |
| 1971 | $3,594,302,908 | $2,046,303,804 | $395,218,629 | $2,498,706,401 |
| 1972 | $4,203,069,035 | $2,093,679,410 | $486,617,280 | $2,644,731,214 |
| 1973 | $5,152,080,388 | $2,126,493,372 | $563,683,703 | $2,606,247,312 |
| 1974 | $5,691,417,541 | $2,238,138,977 | $538,747,340 | $2,566,402,323 |
| 1975 | $6,102,769,605 | $2,302,528,458 | $830,710,615 | $2,864,747,854 |
| 1976 | $6,762,781,871 | $2,484,966,268 | $939,228,017 | $3,255,025,017 |
| 1977 | $6,914,381,291 | $2,401,643,613 | $1,049,838,548 | $3,461,675,072 |
| 1978 | $8,087,305,999 | $2,564,865,665 | $1,222,702,573 | $3,411,014,276 |
| 1979 | $8,877,094,497 | $2,533,885,660 | $1,595,422,956 | $3,765,612,310 |
| 1980 | $9,746,524,915 | $2,599,801,856 | $1,759,691,186 | $3,602,717,952 |
| 1981 | $9,646,440,667 | $2,615,653,814 | $1,538,972,424 | $3,657,075,915 |
| 1982 | $11,926,032,493 | $2,662,735,707 | $1,333,754,225 | $3,387,241,017 |
| 1983 | $15,129,893,722 | $2,697,351,587 | $1,297,765,326 | $3,448,918,400 |
| 1984 | $18,421,497,251 | $2,735,114,764 | $1,232,932,104 | $3,439,019,620 |
| 1985 | $22,787,644,566 | $2,871,868,604 | $1,392,196,048 | $4,136,680,975 |
| 1986 | $2,909,130,355 | $2,961,299,742 | $1,852,163,453 | $4,248,066,111 |
| 1987 | $2,976,714,019 | $3,059,020,822 | $2,090,629,987 | $4,242,154,320 |
| 1988 | $3,476,480,303 | $3,251,987,426 | $2,169,040,603 | $4,555,637,691 |
| 1989 | $3,546,079,263 | $3,382,179,962 | $2,181,821,909 | $4,745,944,358 |
| 1990 | $3,888,320,666 | $3,528,427,546 | $2,681,912,149 | $4,627,182,079 |
| 1991 | $4,396,178,694 | $3,620,640,283 | $2,724,131,458 | $5,170,654,044 |
| 1992 | $4,789,220,417 | $3,739,069,519 | $2,830,673,378 | $5,004,228,141 |
| 1993 | $4,781,166,117 | $3,927,673,590 | $2,818,281,085 | $5,162,970,674 |
| 1994 | $4,932,800,407 | $4,083,606,124 | $2,081,846,498 | $5,358,127,561 |
| 1995 | $5,385,704,166 | $4,271,765,349 | $2,706,425,157 | $5,407,477,116 |
| 1996 | $5,641,243,100 | $4,462,353,367 | $2,780,422,049 | $5,789,017,097 |
| 1997 | $5,516,916,163 | $4,693,574,824 | $2,697,105,823 | $6,068,570,141 |
| 1998 | $5,232,118,046 | $4,864,614,381 | $2,920,358,711 | $6,528,062,103 |
| 1999 | $5,046,806,783 | $5,050,053,677 | $3,440,724,710 | $6,900,223,245 |
| 2000 | $4,367,458,867 | $5,176,459,579 | $2,961,484,954 | $6,896,025,496 |
| 2001 | $4,125,527,603 | $5,365,832,406 | $3,468,337,942 | $7,956,374,890 |
| 2002 | $4,301,608,753 | $5,642,956,694 | $3,908,121,307 | $8,203,524,419 |
| 2003 | $5,025,167,975 | $5,713,414,722 | $4,714,071,980 | $8,951,607,256 |
| 2004 | $5,300,767,961 | $5,847,115,330 | $7,113,132,070 | $9,091,252,209 |
| 2005 | $4,282,468,637 | $6,022,369,313 | $8,009,875,052 | $9,773,522,017 |
| 2006 | $4,220,019,845 | $6,094,011,546 | $8,858,863,053 | $10,423,877,693 |
| 2007 | $6,281,918,226 | $6,509,469,022 | $10,289,243,720 | $10,827,805,889 |
| 2008 | $6,964,179,983 | $6,778,506,429 | $12,262,134,441 | $11,535,657,885 |
| 2009 | $6,716,905,340 | $6,702,408,066 | $12,592,138,109 | $12,070,163,730 |
| 2010 | $6,853,467,146 | $7,025,019,106 | $13,196,527,458 | $12,905,626,894 |
| 2011 | $6,785,137,203 | $7,419,271,030 | $15,506,843,902 | $13,424,321,494 |
| 2012 | $7,638,044,557 | $7,858,142,150 | $14,891,957,623 | $13,347,723,848 |
| 2013 | $8,376,613,539 | $8,168,199,850 | $15,769,357,573 | $13,665,683,442 |
| 2014 | $8,778,473,373 | $8,470,141,696 | $16,943,434,591 | $14,704,621,766 |
| 2015 | $8,794,201,743 | $8,794,201,743 | $15,583,181,170 | $15,583,181,170 |
| 2016 | $8,595,955,222 | $9,745,789,528 | $16,743,796,800 | $16,518,961,030 |
| 2017 | $10,324,668,271 | $10,749,606,370 | $18,308,362,040 | $17,406,945,660 |
| 2018 | $11,857,030,367 | $11,433,119,224 | $20,368,015,381 | $18,254,289,664 |
| 2019 | $13,442,861,496 | $12,075,307,752 | $20,477,421,885 | $19,167,003,986 |
| 2020 | $14,088,693,743 | $12,643,401,589 | $20,698,560,939 | $18,942,927,332 |
| 2021 | $17,069,115,738 | $13,349,198,344 | $22,999,245,263 | $19,530,336,379 |
| 2022 | $19,910,452,542 | $13,879,482,946 | $22,374,051,350 | $20,215,515,809 |
| 2023 | $22,407,615,556 | $14,648,645,956 | $24,621,545,565 | $21,169,114,244 |
| 2024 | $25,334,307,879 | $15,479,007,958 | $26,588,067,731 | $22,228,532,291 |
Economic indicators
|
Guinea
|
Mali
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$25.3B
2024 |
$26.6B
2024 |
| GDP rank |
117/197
2024 |
113/197
2024 |
| GDP growth |
13.1%
2023-2024 |
7.99%
2023-2024 |
| GDP per capita |
$1,717
2024 |
$1,086
2024 |
| GDP per capita rank |
161/197
2024 |
171/197
2024 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$4,579
2024 |
$3,309
2024 |
| Government debt |
$12.1B
2024 |
$13.8B
2024 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
39.6%
2025 |
51.7%
2025 |
| Government debt per person |
$821
2024 |
$563
2024 |
| Government debt per person rank |
147/185
2024 |
161/185
2024 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$23,703
2025 |
$1,598
2025 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
23.1%
2018 |
28.3%
2021 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
3.5%
2018 |
3.2%
2021 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
17.3%
2025 |
26.2%
2025 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
3.1%
2024-2025 |
3.5%
2024-2025 |
| Unemployment rate |
5.02%
2019 |
2.39%
2022 |
| Population |
15374667
|
25787988
|
GDP per capita in Guinea vs Mali
Guinea's GDP per capita is $1,717, ranking 161/197, compared to $1,086 in Mali, ranking 171/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Guinea ranks 161st at $4,579, while Mali ranks 173rd at $3,309.
| Year | Current $ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Guinea
|
Mali
|
|||
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 1967 | - | - | $46 | - |
| 1968 | - | - | $56.5 | - |
| 1969 | - | - | $55 | - |
| 1970 | $753 | - | $57.3 | - |
| 1971 | $825 | - | $62 | - |
| 1972 | $948 | - | $75.1 | - |
| 1973 | $1,143 | - | $85.4 | - |
| 1974 | $1,243 | - | $80.2 | - |
| 1975 | $1,311 | - | $121.5 | - |
| 1976 | $1,431 | - | $134.9 | - |
| 1977 | $1,440 | - | $148.1 | - |
| 1978 | $1,658 | - | $169.1 | - |
| 1979 | $1,790 | - | $216.3 | - |
| 1980 | $1,931 | - | $233.7 | - |
| 1981 | $1,876 | - | $200.1 | - |
| 1982 | $2,273 | - | $169.7 | - |
| 1983 | $2,823 | - | $161.5 | - |
| 1984 | $3,362 | - | $150.2 | - |
| 1985 | $4,062 | - | $166.2 | - |
| 1986 | $506 | - | $217.1 | - |
| 1987 | $505 | - | $240.8 | - |
| 1988 | $574 | - | $245.5 | - |
| 1989 | $570 | - | $242.4 | - |
| 1990 | $604 | $871 | $292.2 | $823 |
| 1991 | $656 | $887 | $290.9 | $932 |
| 1992 | $693 | $908 | $296.3 | $904 |
| 1993 | $671 | $947 | $288.9 | $936 |
| 1994 | $672 | $976 | $208.9 | $971 |
| 1995 | $713 | $1,014 | $265.7 | $979 |
| 1996 | $726 | $1,048 | $267.2 | $1,044 |
| 1997 | $696 | $1,099 | $253.3 | $1,088 |
| 1998 | $647 | $1,130 | $267.4 | $1,154 |
| 1999 | $611 | $1,163 | $306 | $1,203 |
| 2000 | $518 | $1,196 | $256.2 | $1,195 |
| 2001 | $483 | $1,251 | $291.2 | $1,368 |
| 2002 | $496 | $1,315 | $318 | $1,388 |
| 2003 | $566 | $1,328 | $372 | $1,496 |
| 2004 | $585 | $1,366 | $543 | $1,511 |
| 2005 | $463 | $1,422 | $592 | $1,621 |
| 2006 | $447 | $1,453 | $633 | $1,725 |
| 2007 | $650 | $1,558 | $712 | $1,781 |
| 2008 | $704 | $1,614 | $821 | $1,871 |
| 2009 | $662 | $1,567 | $816 | $1,907 |
| 2010 | $659 | $1,622 | $828 | $1,998 |
| 2011 | $637 | $1,705 | $942 | $2,053 |
| 2012 | $699 | $1,790 | $878 | $2,003 |
| 2013 | $748 | $1,842 | $903 | $2,062 |
| 2014 | $765 | $1,873 | $940 | $2,167 |
| 2015 | $747 | $1,930 | $838 | $2,330 |
| 2016 | $712 | $2,255 | $872 | $2,532 |
| 2017 | $834 | $2,687 | $924 | $2,607 |
| 2018 | $933 | $2,844 | $996 | $2,684 |
| 2019 | $1,031 | $3,106 | $972 | $2,820 |
| 2020 | $1,054 | $3,332 | $953 | $2,724 |
| 2021 | $1,245 | $3,739 | $1,027 | $2,796 |
| 2022 | $1,417 | $4,062 | $970 | $3,009 |
| 2023 | $1,555 | $4,334 | $1,036 | $3,168 |
| 2024 | $1,717 | $4,579 | $1,086 | $3,309 |
Spending and national debt comparison
In 2024, Guinea's government spending was $4.31B, accounting for 17.3% of its GDP, while Mali's spent $6.56B, or 26.2% of GDP.
Debt-to-GDP ratio is 39.6% in Guinea and 51.7% in Mali, ranking 137/185 and 106/185, respectively.
| Year | % of GDP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Guinea
|
Mali
|
|||
| Government spending | Government debt | Government spending | Government debt | |
| 1990 | 18.7% | 71.6% | - | - |
| 1991 | 16.3% | 70.9% | - | - |
| 1992 | 13.8% | 62% | - | - |
| 1993 | 13.3% | 68.9% | - | - |
| 1994 | 12.6% | 71.3% | - | - |
| 1995 | 12.7% | 66.5% | - | - |
| 1996 | 12% | 67.7% | - | - |
| 1997 | 12.6% | 67.9% | - | - |
| 1998 | 10.3% | 75.9% | - | - |
| 1999 | 11.6% | 92.3% | - | - |
| 2000 | 12.6% | 91.5% | 19.4% | 90.5% |
| 2001 | 14.9% | 90.4% | 18.3% | 77.5% |
| 2002 | 14.4% | 82.6% | 19.9% | 42.6% |
| 2003 | 14.7% | 81.6% | 20.8% | 44.1% |
| 2004 | 13% | 86.9% | 21.8% | 42.4% |
| 2005 | 11% | 97.9% | 21.6% | 46.6% |
| 2006 | 13.2% | 95.2% | 22.1% | 18.1% |
| 2007 | 8.66% | 60.8% | 21.5% | 18.5% |
| 2008 | 10.1% | 58.5% | 18.8% | 20.1% |
| 2009 | 16.2% | 61.3% | 22.8% | 21.9% |
| 2010 | 20.5% | 71.1% | 20.3% | 25.3% |
| 2011 | 16% | 53.8% | 20.6% | 24% |
| 2012 | 19.6% | 26.9% | 15.5% | 25.4% |
| 2013 | 18.6% | 34% | 19.8% | 26.4% |
| 2014 | 20.1% | 35.2% | 20% | 26.9% |
| 2015 | 21.7% | 44.4% | 20.9% | 30.7% |
| 2016 | 16.1% | 43% | 22.3% | 37.2% |
| 2017 | 17.3% | 41.9% | 22.9% | 38.2% |
| 2018 | 15.9% | 39.3% | 20.3% | 37.5% |
| 2019 | 14.9% | 38.6% | 23.1% | 40.7% |
| 2020 | 17.1% | 47.9% | 26.1% | 47.3% |
| 2021 | 15.1% | 42.9% | 26.9% | 51.6% |
| 2022 | 14.2% | 40.6% | 24.4% | 50.3% |
| 2023 | 15.8% | 37.3% | 24.8% | 51.9% |
| 2024 | 17% | 47.8% | 24.7% | 51.8% |
| 2025 | 17.3% | 39.6% | 26.2% | 51.7% |
Government deficit by year
In 2024, Guinea's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$782M, equivalent to -3.09% of GDP. This compares to Mali's deficit of -$679M, or -2.55% of GDP.
Over the past 25 years, Guinea recorded a fiscal deficit in 22 of those years, while Mali ran a deficit in 24 years. On average, Guinea posted an annual deficit equal to -1.49% of GDP, compared to deficit of -1.76% of GDP for Mali.
| Year | Deficit/surplus, % of GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
Guinea
|
Mali
|
|
| 1990 | -3.76% | - |
| 1991 | -3.25% | - |
| 1992 | -0.89% | - |
| 1993 | -2.33% | - |
| 1994 | -2.59% | - |
| 1995 | -1.07% | - |
| 1996 | -2.2% | - |
| 1997 | 0.07% | - |
| 1998 | 2.46% | - |
| 1999 | -1.3% | - |
| 2000 | -2.42% | -2.64% |
| 2001 | -3.23% | -2.8% |
| 2002 | -3.37% | -3.09% |
| 2003 | -4.65% | -1.19% |
| 2004 | -3.85% | -2.36% |
| 2005 | -1.06% | -2.76% |
| 2006 | -2.13% | 27.8% |
| 2007 | 1.28% | -2.78% |
| 2008 | 0.38% | -1.97% |
| 2009 | -4.87% | -3.71% |
| 2010 | -9.66% | -2.57% |
| 2011 | -0.92% | -3.42% |
| 2012 | 23.7% | -0.96% |
| 2013 | -3.86% | -2.37% |
| 2014 | -3.01% | -2.89% |
| 2015 | -6.53% | -1.82% |
| 2016 | -0.08% | -3.95% |
| 2017 | -1.98% | -2.86% |
| 2018 | -0.97% | -4.74% |
| 2019 | -0.17% | -1.68% |
| 2020 | -3% | -5.42% |
| 2021 | -1.63% | -4.91% |
| 2022 | -0.43% | -4.75% |
| 2023 | -1.76% | -3.57% |
| 2024 | -3.09% | -2.55% |
| 2025 | -2.77% | -3.13% |
Inflation comparison by year
Over the past 30 years, Guinea has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 11.2%, compared with 2.27% in Mali. In 2025, inflation was 3.1% in Guinea and 3.5% in Mali.
| Year | Inflation | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Guinea
|
Mali
|
Guinea
|
Mali
|
| 1996 | 3% | 6.5% | |
| 1997 | 1.9% | -0.7% | |
| 1998 | 5.1% | 4.1% | |
| 1999 | 4.6% | -1.2% | |
| 2000 | 6.8% | -0.8% | |
| 2001 | 5.4% | 5.2% | |
| 2002 | 3% | 5% | |
| 2003 | 11% | -1.3% | |
| 2004 | 17.5% | -3.1% | |
| 2005 | 31.4% | 6.4% | |
| 2006 | 34.7% | 1.6% | |
| 2007 | 22.9% | 1.4% | |
| 2008 | 18.4% | 9.2% | |
| 2009 | 4.7% | 2.4% | |
| 2010 | 15.5% | 1.2% | |
| 2011 | 21.4% | 3% | |
| 2012 | 15.2% | 5.3% | |
| 2013 | 11.9% | -0.6% | |
| 2014 | 9.7% | 0.9% | |
| 2015 | 8.2% | 1.4% | |
| 2016 | 8.2% | -1.8% | |
| 2017 | 8.9% | 2.4% | |
| 2018 | 9.8% | 1.9% | |
| 2019 | 9.5% | -3% | |
| 2020 | 10.6% | 0.5% | |
| 2021 | 12.6% | 3.8% | |
| 2022 | 10.5% | 9.7% | |
| 2023 | 5.4% | 2.1% | |
| 2024 | 4.7% | 3.2% | |
| 2025 | 3.1% | 3.5% | |
Top exports between countries
|
Guinea
|
|
|---|---|
| Export category | Export value |
| Chemicals & pharma | $12.2M |
| Machinery & equipment | $3.19M |
| Raw materials & minerals | $1.18M |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $557K |
| Wood & paper products | $412K |
| Raw agricultural goods | $133K |
| Metals | $26K |
| Miscellaneous | $2K |
|
Mali
|
|
|---|---|
| Export category | Export value |
| Machinery & equipment | $22.9M |
| Animal & marine products | $20.8M |
| Metals | $7.83M |
| Raw materials & minerals | $7.52M |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $6.2M |
| Precious metals & jewellery | $1.89M |
| Chemicals & pharma | $1.67M |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $1.04M |
| Raw agricultural goods | $783K |
| Wood & paper products | $177K |
Balance of trade
|
Guinea
|
Mali
|
|
|---|---|---|
Current account balance
|
-$392M
2024 |
-$1.61B
2023 |
| Current account balance ranking |
102/189
2024 |
135/189
2023 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
-1.55%
2024 |
-6.54%
2023 |
| Goods imports |
$7.08B
2024 |
$5.73B
2023 |
| Goods exports |
$11.6B
2024 |
$5.65B
2023 |
| Service imports |
$3.15B
2024 |
$2.34B
2023 |
| Service exports |
$71.2M
2024 |
$475M
2023 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
56.1%
2024 |
28.4%
2024 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
44%
2024 |
22.5%
2024 |
Economic freedom indices
The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.
|
Guinea
|
Mali
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 54.6 | 52.6 |
| Economic freedom ranking | 135/197 | 144/197 |
| Property rights | 22.3 | 23.5 |
| Government integrity | 25.1 | 22.7 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 26.5 | 32.9 |
| Tax burden | 70.4 | 70 |
| Government spending | 93 | 79.6 |
| Fiscal health | 93.4 | 60.4 |
| Business freedom | 44.9 | 42.4 |
| Labor freedom | 56.4 | 53.9 |
| Monetary freedom | 71.1 | 77.2 |
| Trade freedom | 61.8 | 64 |
| Investment freedom | 50 | 65 |
| Financial freedom | 40 | 40 |
Economic freedom by year comparison
The Economic Freedom Index for Guinea is 54.6, ranking 135/197, compared to 52.6 for Mali, ranking 144/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.
| Year | Economic freedom index | |
|---|---|---|
|
Guinea
|
Mali
|
|
| 1995 | 59.4 | 52.4 |
| 1996 | 58.5 | 57 |
| 1997 | 52.9 | 56.4 |
| 1998 | 61 | 57.3 |
| 1999 | 59.4 | 58.4 |
| 2000 | 58.2 | 60.3 |
| 2001 | 58.4 | 60.1 |
| 2002 | 52.9 | 61.1 |
| 2003 | 54.6 | 58.6 |
| 2004 | 56.1 | 56.6 |
| 2005 | 57.4 | 57.3 |
| 2006 | 52.8 | 54.1 |
| 2007 | 54.5 | 54.7 |
| 2008 | 52.8 | 55.6 |
| 2009 | 51 | 55.6 |
| 2010 | 51.8 | 55.6 |
| 2011 | 51.7 | 56.3 |
| 2012 | 50.8 | 55.8 |
| 2013 | 51.2 | 56.4 |
| 2014 | 53.5 | 55.5 |
| 2015 | 52.1 | 56.4 |
| 2016 | 53.3 | 56.5 |
| 2017 | 47.6 | 58.6 |
| 2018 | 52.2 | 57.6 |
| 2019 | 55.7 | 58.1 |
| 2020 | 56.5 | 55.9 |
| 2021 | 56.5 | 55.6 |
| 2022 | 54.2 | 55.9 |
| 2023 | 53.2 | 54.5 |
| 2024 | 53.3 | 52.5 |
| 2025 | 54.6 | 52.6 |
More economic indicators
|
Guinea
|
Mali
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
37.5%
2024 |
36.7%
2024 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
25.3%
2024 |
22.7%
2024 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
29.6%
2024 |
33.4%
2024 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$21.7B
2024 |
$24.9B
2024 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$4,200
2024 |
$3,210
2024 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$1.89B
2023 |
n/a |
| Total reserves ranking |
128/177
2023 |
n/a |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$1.4B
2024 |
-$673M
2023 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$1.4B
2024 |
$709M
2024 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$30K
2024 |
$35.4M
2024 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
1.49%
2023 |
1.52%
2023 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
47%
2020 |
43.3%
2024 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
31.2%
2024 |
20.9%
2024 |
GDP per capita map
GDP per capita
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.