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Economy of Cuba vs Mali compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Cuba has a GDP of $107B compared to $26.6B for Mali, ranking 69/197 and 113/197 by economy size, respectively.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Cuba
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Mali
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Cuba Mali
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1967 - - $275,494,478 $2,208,088,440
1968 - - $343,771,973 $2,289,973,417
1969 - - $339,913,867 $2,295,263,242
1970 $5,693,005,200 $23,120,654,813 $359,772,315 $2,436,122,511
1971 $6,914,658,400 $25,105,299,225 $395,218,629 $2,498,706,401
1972 $8,135,150,892 $26,317,053,149 $486,617,280 $2,644,731,214
1973 $9,987,709,650 $27,220,909,322 $563,683,703 $2,606,247,312
1974 $11,405,957,317 $27,488,896,946 $538,747,340 $2,566,402,323
1975 $13,027,415,244 $30,093,861,943 $830,710,615 $2,864,747,854
1976 $13,789,579,903 $31,727,344,869 $939,228,017 $3,255,025,017
1977 $14,206,158,675 $34,490,638,879 $1,049,838,548 $3,461,675,072
1978 $17,844,705,325 $36,765,640,924 $1,222,702,573 $3,411,014,276
1979 $19,584,443,288 $37,165,718,489 $1,595,422,956 $3,765,612,310
1980 $19,912,889,861 $35,363,388,174 $1,759,691,186 $3,602,717,952
1981 $20,150,254,096 $42,325,850,269 $1,538,972,424 $3,657,075,915
1982 $20,953,510,235 $46,100,569,047 $1,333,754,225 $3,387,241,017
1983 $22,204,940,512 $48,595,287,844 $1,297,765,326 $3,448,918,400
1984 $24,039,383,608 $52,448,756,410 $1,232,932,104 $3,439,019,620
1985 $22,920,490,774 $53,286,192,381 $1,392,196,048 $4,136,680,975
1986 $24,226,574,634 $53,336,975,926 $1,852,163,453 $4,248,066,111
1987 $25,213,935,012 $52,055,729,738 $2,090,629,987 $4,242,154,320
1988 $27,458,999,472 $53,984,675,578 $2,169,040,603 $4,555,637,691
1989 $27,023,468,666 $54,351,816,305 $2,181,821,909 $4,745,944,358
1990 $28,645,436,569 $52,749,217,703 $2,681,912,149 $4,627,182,079
1991 $24,316,556,026 $47,108,903,627 $2,724,131,458 $5,170,654,044
1992 $22,085,858,243 $41,653,408,482 $2,830,673,378 $5,004,228,141
1993 $22,367,254,865 $35,456,139,102 $2,818,281,085 $5,162,970,674
1994 $28,448,326,757 $35,710,334,910 $2,081,846,498 $5,358,127,561
1995 $30,429,803,651 $36,587,809,679 $2,706,425,157 $5,407,477,116
1996 $25,017,368,700 $39,455,836,485 $2,780,422,049 $5,789,017,097
1997 $25,365,908,100 $40,554,060,118 $2,697,105,823 $6,068,570,141
1998 $25,736,331,200 $40,618,600,304 $2,920,358,711 $6,528,062,103
1999 $28,364,615,200 $43,132,386,084 $3,440,724,710 $6,900,223,245
2000 $30,565,400,000 $45,683,563,279 $2,961,484,954 $6,896,025,496
2001 $31,682,400,000 $47,138,598,430 $3,468,337,942 $7,956,374,890
2002 $33,590,500,000 $47,810,239,203 $3,908,121,307 $8,203,524,419
2003 $35,901,200,000 $49,623,557,376 $4,714,071,980 $8,951,607,256
2004 $38,203,000,000 $52,487,103,646 $7,113,132,070 $9,091,252,209
2005 $42,643,836,100 $58,366,528,663 $8,009,875,052 $9,773,522,017
2006 $48,835,925,926 $65,408,954,115 $8,858,863,053 $10,423,877,693
2007 $54,262,870,370 $70,159,041,951 $10,289,243,720 $10,827,805,889
2008 $56,302,129,630 $73,047,369,064 $12,262,134,441 $11,535,657,885
2009 $57,481,481,481 $74,107,509,498 $12,592,138,109 $12,070,163,730
2010 $59,562,962,963 $75,878,940,053 $13,196,527,458 $12,905,626,894
2011 $68,990,000,000 $78,005,296,225 $15,506,843,902 $13,424,321,494
2012 $73,141,000,000 $80,357,078,126 $14,891,957,623 $13,347,723,848
2013 $77,148,000,000 $82,564,971,264 $15,769,357,573 $13,665,683,442
2014 $80,656,100,000 $83,429,902,609 $16,943,434,591 $14,704,621,766
2015 $87,132,800,000 $87,132,800,000 $15,583,181,170 $15,583,181,170
2016 $91,370,407,864 $87,579,654,549 $16,743,796,800 $16,518,961,030
2017 $96,850,649,692 $89,164,663,931 $18,308,362,040 $17,406,945,660
2018 $100,050,036,096 $91,169,039,693 $20,368,015,381 $18,254,289,664
2019 $103,427,600,000 $91,020,354,637 $20,477,421,885 $19,167,003,986
2020 $107,351,800,000 $81,054,459,000 $20,698,560,939 $18,942,927,332
2021 - $82,070,633,423 $22,999,245,263 $19,530,336,379
2022 - $83,527,427,216 $22,374,051,350 $20,215,515,809
2023 - $81,915,873,064 $24,621,545,565 $21,169,114,244
2024 - - $26,588,067,731 $22,228,532,291

Economic indicators

Cuba Mali
Gross domestic product
$107B
2020
$26.6B
2024
GDP rank
69/197
2020
113/197
2024
GDP growth
3.79%
2019-2020
7.99%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$9,605
2020
$1,086
2024
GDP per capita rank
87/197
2020
171/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$12,300
2016
$3,309
2024
Government debt n/a
$13.8B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio n/a
51.7%
2025
Government debt per person n/a
$563
2024
Government debt per person rank n/a
161/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$3,584
2025
$1,598
2025
Income share by richest 10% n/a
28.3%
2021
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
3.2%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
49%
2025
26.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
5.5%
2019-2020
3.5%
2024-2025
Unemployment rate
1.7%
2018
2.39%
2022
Population
10937204
25787988

GDP per capita in Cuba vs Mali

Cuba's GDP per capita is $9,605, ranking 87/197, compared to $1,086 in Mali, ranking 171/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Cuba ranks 122nd at $12,300, while Mali ranks 173rd at $3,309.

Cuba
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Mali
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Cuba Mali
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1967 - - $46 -
1968 - - $56.5 -
1969 - - $55 -
1970 $645 - $57.3 -
1971 $770 - $62 -
1972 $892 - $75.1 -
1973 $1,079 - $85.4 -
1974 $1,217 - $80.2 -
1975 $1,374 - $121.5 -
1976 $1,441 - $134.9 -
1977 $1,472 - $148.1 -
1978 $1,837 - $169.1 -
1979 $2,006 - $216.3 -
1980 $2,031 - $233.7 -
1981 $2,046 - $200.1 -
1982 $2,114 - $169.7 -
1983 $2,222 - $161.5 -
1984 $2,386 - $150.2 -
1985 $2,257 - $166.2 -
1986 $2,365 - $217.1 -
1987 $2,440 - $240.8 -
1988 $2,632 - $245.5 -
1989 $2,566 - $242.4 -
1990 $2,694 - $292.2 $823
1991 $2,269 - $290.9 $932
1992 $2,048 - $296.3 $904
1993 $2,063 - $288.9 $936
1994 $2,613 - $208.9 $971
1995 $2,785 - $265.7 $979
1996 $2,282 - $267.2 $1,044
1997 $2,306 - $253.3 $1,088
1998 $2,332 - $267.4 $1,154
1999 $2,562 $1,700 $306 $1,203
2000 $2,751 $1,700 $256.2 $1,195
2001 $2,843 - $291.2 $1,368
2002 $3,005 $2,300 $318 $1,388
2003 $3,203 $2,900 $372 $1,496
2004 $3,399 $3,000 $543 $1,511
2005 $3,786 $3,500 $592 $1,621
2006 $4,330 $4,000 $633 $1,725
2007 $4,807 $11,000 $712 $1,781
2008 $4,986 $9,500 $821 $1,871
2009 $5,089 $9,700 $816 $1,907
2010 $5,272 $10,200 $828 $1,998
2011 $6,104 - $942 $2,053
2012 $6,471 - $878 $2,003
2013 $6,828 - $903 $2,062
2014 $7,147 - $940 $2,167
2015 $7,728 - $838 $2,330
2016 $8,111 $12,300 $872 $2,532
2017 $8,611 - $924 $2,607
2018 $8,911 - $996 $2,684
2019 $9,232 - $972 $2,820
2020 $9,605 - $953 $2,724
2021 - - $1,027 $2,796
2022 - - $970 $3,009
2023 - - $1,036 $3,168
2024 - - $1,086 $3,309

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 22 years, Cuba has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.16%, compared with 1.64% in Mali. In 2020, inflation was 5.5% in Cuba and 3.5% in Mali.

Inflation
Cuba

Mali
Year Inflation
Cuba Mali Cuba Mali
1996 - 6.5%
1997 - -0.7%
1998 - 4.1%
1999 0.3% -1.2%
2000 - -0.8%
2001 - 5.2%
2002 7.1% 5%
2003 4.1% -1.3%
2004 3.1% -3.1%
2005 7% 6.4%
2006 5% 1.6%
2007 3.1% 1.4%
2008 3.4% 9.2%
2009 -0.5% 2.4%
2010 0.7% 1.2%
2011 4.7% 3%
2012 5.5% 5.3%
2013 6% -0.6%
2014 - 0.9%
2015 4.4% 1.4%
2016 4.5% -1.8%
2017 - 2.4%
2018 5.5% 1.9%
2019 5.5% -3%
2020 5.5% 0.5%
2021 - 3.8%
2022 - 9.7%
2023 - 2.1%
2024 - 3.2%
2025 - 3.5%

Top exports between countries

Cuba
Export category Export value
Mali
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $100K

Balance of trade

Cuba Mali
Current account balance
n/a
-$1.61B
2023
Current account balance ranking n/a
135/189
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP n/a
-6.54%
2023
Goods imports n/a
$5.73B
2023
Goods exports n/a
$5.65B
2023
Service imports n/a
$2.34B
2023
Service exports n/a
$475M
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
64.6%
2023
28.4%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
43.5%
2023
22.5%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Cuba Mali
Economic freedom 25.4 52.6
Economic freedom ranking 195/197 144/197
Property rights 29.9 23.5
Government integrity 33.4 22.7
Judicial effectiveness 14.3 32.9
Tax burden 51.9 70
Government spending 0 79.6
Fiscal health 0 60.4
Business freedom 42.3 42.4
Labor freedom 20 53.9
Monetary freedom 20 77.2
Trade freedom 72.8 64
Investment freedom 10 65
Financial freedom 10 40

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Cuba is 25.4, ranking 195/197, compared to 52.6 for Mali, ranking 144/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Cuba
Mali
Year Economic freedom index
Cuba Mali
1995 27.8 52.4
1996 27.8 57
1997 27.8 56.4
1998 28.2 57.3
1999 29.7 58.4
2000 31.3 60.3
2001 31.6 60.1
2002 32.4 61.1
2003 35.1 58.6
2004 34.4 56.6
2005 35.5 57.3
2006 29.3 54.1
2007 28.6 54.7
2008 27.5 55.6
2009 27.9 55.6
2010 26.7 55.6
2011 27.7 56.3
2012 28.3 55.8
2013 28.5 56.4
2014 28.7 55.5
2015 29.6 56.4
2016 29.8 56.5
2017 33.9 58.6
2018 31.9 57.6
2019 27.8 58.1
2020 26.9 55.9
2021 28.1 55.6
2022 29.5 55.9
2023 24.3 54.5
2024 25.7 52.5
2025 25.4 52.6

More economic indicators

Cuba Mali
Services, % of GDP
70%
2023
36.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
27.5%
2023
22.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.31%
2023
33.4%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$101B
2019
$24.9B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP n/a
$3,210
2024
Total reserves including gold
$144M
1960
n/a
Total reserves ranking
173/177
1960
n/a
Net foreign direct investment
n/a
-$673M
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
n/a
$709M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
n/a
$35.4M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
n/a
1.52%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines n/a
43.3%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
9.88%
2020
20.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.