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Population in China compared to Mongolia: Trends, Charts, Rankings

Updated on by Georank team

The latest officially reported population of China was 1,408,975,000 in 2024 vs 3,524,788 people in Mongolia in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current China's population is 1,402,578,808 people compared to 3,620,317 in Mongolia.

Population statistics:

  • China's population is 387 times bigger than Mongolia's.
  • China is ranked the 2nd most populous country in the world, while Mongolia is the 132nd.
  • The countries together account for 17% of the world: 16.9% for China vs 0.04% for Mongolia.
  • For the last 10 years, China has had an average growth rate of +0.3% per year vs +1.79% in Mongolia.
  • Since 2006, the population of China has increased from 1.31B people to 1.4B (6.98% growth), while Mongolia has grown from 2.57M to 3.62M (41% growth).

China vs Mongolia: population by year and forecast

China
Factual

Projection
Mongolia
Factual

Projection
1x
Year Population
China Mongolia
2100 633,320,628 5,629,299
2099 643,959,697 5,623,066
2098 654,691,595 5,615,212
2097 665,517,335 5,606,511
2096 676,438,150 5,597,140
2095 687,457,915 5,585,917
2094 698,589,897 5,574,522
2093 709,852,629 5,562,381
2092 721,251,520 5,549,290
2091 732,791,748 5,535,819
2090 744,501,355 5,521,210
2089 756,404,299 5,505,877
2088 768,478,316 5,490,024
2087 780,707,622 5,474,226
2086 793,081,006 5,458,465
2085 805,608,315 5,441,196
2084 818,268,277 5,423,740
2083 830,972,107 5,405,563
2082 843,721,746 5,387,443
2081 856,534,631 5,368,417
2080 869,351,919 5,348,645
2079 882,146,959 5,328,073
2078 894,889,246 5,306,120
2077 907,592,919 5,285,225
2076 920,280,380 5,263,067
2075 932,956,157 5,240,553
2074 945,631,173 5,217,755
2073 958,352,980 5,194,484
2072 971,115,895 5,171,399
2071 983,938,054 5,147,939
2070 996,853,418 5,123,730
2069 1,009,905,851 5,100,078
2068 1,023,081,790 5,075,923
2067 1,036,420,010 5,051,712
2066 1,049,887,382 5,026,451
2065 1,063,477,623 5,001,559
2064 1,077,206,695 4,977,095
2063 1,090,982,303 4,952,721
2062 1,104,833,556 4,928,284
2061 1,118,682,849 4,903,616
2060 1,132,504,136 4,877,808
2059 1,146,199,736 4,851,900
2058 1,159,714,746 4,825,704
2057 1,172,963,523 4,798,069
2056 1,185,938,083 4,770,106
2055 1,198,550,408 4,741,145
2054 1,210,749,681 4,710,703
2053 1,222,500,569 4,678,720
2052 1,233,808,926 4,645,641
2051 1,244,584,333 4,611,080
2050 1,254,824,040 4,575,698
2049 1,264,598,914 4,538,221
2048 1,273,885,471 4,499,652
2047 1,282,701,271 4,459,534
2046 1,291,133,690 4,418,220
2045 1,299,154,327 4,375,263
2044 1,306,805,350 4,332,061
2043 1,314,176,710 4,288,836
2042 1,321,319,298 4,244,827
2041 1,328,219,755 4,200,917
2040 1,334,857,481 4,157,409
2039 1,341,265,381 4,114,122
2038 1,347,407,165 4,071,754
2037 1,353,377,505 4,029,761
2036 1,359,133,287 3,988,994
2035 1,364,651,508 3,949,374
2034 1,369,940,557 3,910,459
2033 1,375,003,005 3,872,505
2032 1,379,784,204 3,835,471
2031 1,384,301,522 3,799,194
2030 1,388,520,533 3,762,550
2029 1,392,490,007 3,725,673
2028 1,396,163,778 3,687,959
2027 1,399,515,824 3,649,213
2026 1,402,578,808 3,609,604
2025 1,405,826,385 3,568,196
2024 1,408,975,000 3,524,788
2023 1,410,710,000 3,481,145
2022 1,412,175,000 3,433,748
2021 1,412,360,000 3,383,741
2020 1,411,100,000 3,327,204
2019 1,407,745,000 3,267,673
2018 1,402,760,000 3,208,189
2017 1,396,215,000 3,148,917
2016 1,387,790,000 3,088,856
2015 1,379,860,000 3,026,864
2014 1,371,860,000 2,963,113
2013 1,363,240,000 2,899,011
2012 1,354,190,000 2,839,705
2011 1,345,035,000 2,786,317
2010 1,337,705,000 2,738,622
2009 1,331,260,000 2,691,115
2008 1,324,655,000 2,643,201
2007 1,317,885,000 2,601,850
2006 1,311,020,000 2,567,168
2005 1,303,720,000 2,536,407
2004 1,296,075,000 2,508,412
2003 1,288,400,000 2,480,374
2002 1,280,400,000 2,449,027
2001 1,271,850,000 2,417,751
2000 1,262,645,000 2,388,299
1999 1,252,735,000 2,356,813
1998 1,241,935,000 2,323,809
1997 1,230,075,000 2,291,750
1996 1,217,550,000 2,259,507
1995 1,204,855,000 2,224,945
1994 1,191,835,000 2,189,395
1993 1,178,440,000 2,165,130
1992 1,164,970,000 2,167,790
1991 1,150,780,000 2,165,342
1990 1,135,185,000 2,098,710
1989 1,118,650,000 2,124,185
1988 1,101,630,000 2,076,322
1987 1,084,035,000 2,022,800
1986 1,066,790,000 1,970,965
1985 1,051,040,000 1,921,514
1984 1,036,825,000 1,874,349
1983 1,023,310,000 1,829,092
1982 1,008,630,000 1,785,364
1981 993,885,000 1,742,857
1980 981,235,000 1,701,335
1979 969,005,000 1,660,659
1978 956,165,000 1,619,468
1977 943,455,000 1,576,245
1976 930,685,000 1,531,945
1975 916,395,000 1,488,296
1974 900,350,000 1,446,050
1973 881,940,000 1,405,502
1972 862,030,000 1,366,821
1971 841,105,000 1,330,071
1970 818,315,000 1,295,272
1969 796,025,000 1,262,284
1968 774,510,000 1,229,930
1967 754,550,000 1,196,996
1966 735,400,000 1,163,754
1965 715,185,000 1,131,177
1964 698,355,000 1,100,234
1963 682,335,000 1,071,362
1962 665,770,000 1,041,444
1961 660,330,000 1,009,284
1960 667,070,000 977,595

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/population/china/mongolia | CC BY

From 2006 to 2016, the population of China increased by 76,770,000 people (a 5.86% growth), while Mongolia gained 521,688 people (a 20.3% growth).

For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, China gained 14,788,808 people (a 1.07% growth), while Mongolia's population increased by 531,461 people (a 17.2% growth).

China was ranked 1st most populous country in 2006 and is 2nd in 2026. Mongolia was ranked 137th in 2006 and ranked 132nd now.

The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) China's population will shrink by 10.5% to 1,254,824,040 people and will still be ranked 2nd. The population of Mongolia will increase by 26.4% to 4,575,698 people and rank change from 132nd to 130th.

Mongolia is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 5.63M people, while China's population already peaked in 2021 at 1.41B people and is projected to decrease to 633M people by 2100.

Population growth rate by year

China
Factual

Projection
Mongolia
Factual

Projection
1x
Year Growth rate
China Mongolia
2100 -1.65% 0.11%
2099 -1.64% 0.14%
2098 -1.63% 0.16%
2097 -1.61% 0.17%
2096 -1.6% 0.2%
2095 -1.59% 0.2%
2094 -1.59% 0.22%
2093 -1.58% 0.24%
2092 -1.57% 0.24%
2091 -1.57% 0.26%
2090 -1.57% 0.28%
2089 -1.57% 0.29%
2088 -1.57% 0.29%
2087 -1.56% 0.29%
2086 -1.56% 0.32%
2085 -1.55% 0.32%
2084 -1.53% 0.34%
2083 -1.51% 0.34%
2082 -1.5% 0.35%
2081 -1.47% 0.37%
2080 -1.45% 0.39%
2079 -1.42% 0.41%
2078 -1.4% 0.4%
2077 -1.38% 0.42%
2076 -1.36% 0.43%
2075 -1.34% 0.44%
2074 -1.33% 0.45%
2073 -1.31% 0.45%
2072 -1.3% 0.46%
2071 -1.3% 0.47%
2070 -1.29% 0.46%
2069 -1.29% 0.48%
2068 -1.29% 0.48%
2067 -1.28% 0.5%
2066 -1.28% 0.5%
2065 -1.27% 0.49%
2064 -1.26% 0.49%
2063 -1.25% 0.5%
2062 -1.24% 0.5%
2061 -1.22% 0.53%
2060 -1.19% 0.53%
2059 -1.17% 0.54%
2058 -1.13% 0.58%
2057 -1.09% 0.59%
2056 -1.05% 0.61%
2055 -1.01% 0.65%
2054 -0.96% 0.68%
2053 -0.92% 0.71%
2052 -0.87% 0.75%
2051 -0.82% 0.77%
2050 -0.77% 0.83%
2049 -0.73% 0.86%
2048 -0.69% 0.9%
2047 -0.65% 0.94%
2046 -0.62% 0.98%
2045 -0.59% 1%
2044 -0.56% 1.01%
2043 -0.54% 1.04%
2042 -0.52% 1.05%
2041 -0.5% 1.05%
2040 -0.48% 1.05%
2039 -0.46% 1.04%
2038 -0.44% 1.04%
2037 -0.42% 1.02%
2036 -0.4% 1%
2035 -0.39% 1%
2034 -0.37% 0.98%
2033 -0.35% 0.97%
2032 -0.33% 0.95%
2031 -0.3% 0.97%
2030 -0.29% 0.99%
2029 -0.26% 1.02%
2028 -0.24% 1.06%
2027 -0.22% 1.1%
2026 -0.23% 1.16%
2025 -0.22% 1.23%
2024 -0.12% 1.25%
2023 -0.1% 1.38%
2022 -0.01% 1.48%
2021 0.09% 1.7%
2020 0.24% 1.82%
2019 0.36% 1.85%
2018 0.47% 1.88%
2017 0.61% 1.94%
2016 0.57% 2.05%
2015 0.58% 2.15%
2014 0.63% 2.21%
2013 0.67% 2.09%
2012 0.68% 1.92%
2011 0.55% 1.74%
2010 0.48% 1.77%
2009 0.5% 1.81%
2008 0.51% 1.59%
2007 0.52% 1.35%
2006 0.56% 1.21%
2005 0.59% 1.12%
2004 0.6% 1.13%
2003 0.62% 1.28%
2002 0.67% 1.29%
2001 0.73% 1.23%
2000 0.79% 1.34%
1999 0.87% 1.42%
1998 0.96% 1.4%
1997 1.03% 1.43%
1996 1.05% 1.55%
1995 1.09% 1.62%
1994 1.14% 1.12%
1993 1.16% -0.12%
1992 1.23% 0.11%
1991 1.37% 3.17%
1990 1.48% -1.2%
1989 1.54% 2.31%
1988 1.62% 2.65%
1987 1.62% 2.63%
1986 1.5% 2.57%
1985 1.37% 2.52%
1984 1.32% 2.47%
1983 1.46% 2.45%
1982 1.48% 2.44%
1981 1.29% 2.44%
1980 1.26% 2.45%
1979 1.34% 2.54%
1978 1.35% 2.74%
1977 1.37% 2.89%
1976 1.56% 2.93%
1975 1.78% 2.92%
1974 2.09% 2.88%
1973 2.31% 2.83%
1972 2.49% 2.76%
1971 2.78% 2.69%
1970 2.8% 2.61%
1969 2.78% 2.63%
1968 2.65% 2.75%
1967 2.6% 2.86%
1966 2.83% 2.88%
1965 2.41% 2.81%
1964 2.35% 2.69%
1963 2.49% 2.87%
1962 0.82% 3.19%
1961 -1.01% 3.24%

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/population/china/mongolia | CC BY

In 2024, the population of China declined by 0.12%, while Mongolia's population grew by 1.25%.

Live population counters

China Mongolia
Current population
1402578808
3620317
Population rank 2/197 132/197
Percent of world population 16.9% 0.04%
One net population change
18.2 seconds
12 minutes
One birth every
3.5 seconds
7.95 minutes
One death every
2.84 seconds
27.5 minutes
Daily growth/decline -4,753 +120
Annual growth/decline -1,735,000 +43,643
Annual growth/decline rate -0.12% +1.25%
Population growth rate rank 173/197 86/197
One migration net change every
1.97 minutes
4.63 days
Annual migration change -268,126 +79
Net migration rank 189/196 74/196
Foreign-born residents 1,638,718 22,589
Foreign-born residents rank 43/195 169/195
Foreign-born share of population 0.1% 0.6%
Foreign-born share rank 192/195 171/195

Natural population change vs migration

China
Natural

Migration
Mongolia
Natural

Migration
1x
Year Population change
China Mongolia
Natural Migration Natural Migration
2025 - -268,126 - 79
2024 - -318,992 - 83
2023 -2,087,851 -567,724 46,995 0
2022 -847,305 -293,846 47,730 0
2021 480,203 -379,749 52,109 0
2020 2,046,095 -91,577 60,888 0
2019 4,673,713 -656,091 61,433 8,660
2018 5,302,433 -198,206 60,635 7,811
2017 7,790,880 -94,625 57,940 6,831
2016 9,062,269 -153,056 62,086 5,633
2015 6,788,911 -646,941 64,473 4,307
2014 9,205,180 -371,108 66,078 2,921
2013 8,043,116 -188,951 62,618 1,505
2012 10,075,174 -58,864 55,942 351
2011 8,245,065 -416,189 50,711 -505
2010 6,407,607 -184,144 44,914 -6,444
2009 6,483,236 -177,135 48,876 -15,007
2008 6,729,247 -764,370 45,843 -17,277
2007 6,813,465 -1,042,019 39,636 -15,220
2006 6,922,185 -759,559 33,609 -11,934
2005 7,678,911 -103,701 29,290 -8,924
2004 7,607,960 -770,977 28,418 -8,148
2003 7,743,284 -613,223 28,827 -7,986
2002 8,258,580 -761,291 30,439 -8,934
2001 8,839,358 -176,419 32,052 -10,244
2000 9,570,849 -62,622 32,753 -11,241
1999 10,247,372 -96,102 32,283 -13,481
1998 11,351,286 -40,472 31,757 -10,315
1997 12,374,554 -279,251 32,403 -9,132
1996 12,686,872 -250,750 33,741 -8,626
1995 12,711,220 -365,986 34,473 -7,346
1994 13,360,470 -723,641 34,711 -5,449
1993 13,493,138 -373,316 36,924 -5,429
1992 13,548,601 -142,985 42,437 -8,404
1991 14,937,124 -544,650 47,884 -11,427
1990 16,335,313 -11,187 49,443 -11,881
1989 16,824,495 -313,476 51,420 -9,757
1988 17,328,640 -282,194 51,588 2,459
1987 18,005,821 -169,170 51,140 1,855
1986 16,609,920 -79,190 50,329 354
1985 14,987,830 -60,929 49,944 -1,719
1984 13,561,671 -51,961 48,562 -2,452
1983 13,599,789 -43,756 46,919 -2,522
1982 15,815,318 -36,181 45,179 -2,132
1981 14,461,027 -28,016 43,588 -1,615
1980 11,647,260 -20,129 42,343 -1,268
1979 11,250,148 -13,704 41,568 -1,296
1978 11,473,980 -9,916 40,276 1,833
1977 11,378,068 -15,323 38,995 5,354
1976 11,782,472 -55,109 37,670 6,577
1975 14,378,237 -115,173 36,490 6,556
1974 15,738,118 -175,239 35,297 6,153
1973 18,423,727 -214,997 33,993 5,647
1972 19,102,585 -215,650 32,727 4,999
1971 19,622,980 -180,153 31,536 4,238
1970 21,137,076 -126,510 30,558 3,263
1969 20,760,332 -72,836 29,781 2,366
1968 21,206,083 -37,290 29,017 3,535
1967 19,263,662 1,246,654 28,178 5,139
1966 19,282,187 4,165 27,338 5,837
1965 20,296,950 -130,900 26,364 5,610
1964 19,302,532 -1,250,441 25,317 4,599
1963 22,742,225 -31,383 24,142 3,687
1962 17,969,132 -31,305 22,960 9,049
1961 2,496,047 -25,578 21,873 10,440
1960 -3,048,510 -16,927 20,726 10,334

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/population/china/mongolia | CC BY

Over the last 10 years, 92.5% of the population change in China is from natural causes (a gain of 42,414,528 people) and 7.53% is from migration (a loss of 3,452,923 people). In Mongolia 94.1% is from natural causes (a gain of 580,367 people) and 5.87% is from migration (a gain of 36,163 people).

As of 2024, 1,638,718 residents or 0.1% of the population were not native-born in China, compared to 22,589 people or 0.6% in Mongolia.

Biggest cities by population

China
City Population
Chongqing 32.1M
Shanghai 24.9M
Beijing 21.9M
Chengdu 20.9M
Guangzhou 18.7M
Shenzhen 17.5M
Tianjin 13.9M
Xi'an 13M
Suzhou 12.7M
Zhengzhou 12.6M
Mongolia
City Population
Ulaanbaatar 1.4M
Bulgan 12.3K

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Population map with other countries

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/population/china/mongolia | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  3. U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  4. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  5. Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)

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