Palestine has a population of 5.29M (ranked 122/197), compared with 236K in Sao Tome and Principe (ranked 176/197). Palestine's land area is 2,326 sq mi versus 371 sq mi for Sao Tome and Principe (ranked 164th vs. 172nd).
By GDP, Palestine ranks 146/197 ($13.7B) and Sao Tome and Principe ranks 189/197 ($822M). By GDP per capita, Palestine ranks 147/197 ($2,592), while Sao Tome and Principe ranks 134/197 ($3,491).
Main facts and rankings
Palestine
|
Sao Tome
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Population |
5500288
|
246362
|
| Population rank | 123/197 | 176/197 |
| GDP |
$13.7B
2024 |
$822M
2024 |
| GDP rank | 146/197 | 189/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$2,592
2024 |
$3,491
2024 |
| GDP per capita rank | 147/197 | 134/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$4,371
2024 |
$6,242
2024 |
| Government debt | n/a |
$533M
2024 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio | n/a |
64.8%
2024 |
| Government debt per person | n/a |
$2,262
2024 |
| Government debt per person rank | n/a | 116/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$6,862
2026 |
$3,111
2026 |
| Land area | 2,326 sq mi | 371 sq mi |
| Population density |
2,352 ppl/mi²
2026 |
661 ppl/mi²
2026 |
| Fertility rate |
3.31
2023 |
3.64
2023 |
| Median age |
20.9 years
2024 |
20.3 years
2024 |
| Life expectancy |
77.4 years
2026 |
70.3 years
2026 |
Palestine and Sao Tome and Principe: Comparison Charts
Palestine and Sao Tome and Principe economies compared
| Year | GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
Palestine
|
Sao Tome
|
|
| 2024 | $13,711,100,000 | $822,154,621 |
| 2023 | $17,847,900,000 | $690,456,807 |
| 2022 | $19,165,500,000 | $540,809,499 |
| 2021 | $18,109,000,000 | $524,402,456 |
| 2020 | $15,531,700,000 | $471,229,485 |
| 2019 | $17,133,500,000 | $412,976,083 |
| 2018 | $16,276,600,000 | $383,717,328 |
| 2017 | $16,128,000,000 | $322,002,845 |
| 2016 | $15,405,400,000 | $292,267,272 |
| 2015 | $13,972,400,000 | $259,999,643 |
| 2014 | $13,989,700,000 | $293,119,143 |
| 2013 | $13,515,500,000 | $267,041,748 |
| 2012 | $12,208,400,000 | $225,815,132 |
| 2011 | $11,186,100,000 | $226,455,001 |
| 2010 | $9,681,500,000 | $190,021,192 |
| 2009 | $8,085,700,000 | $200,668,065 |
| 2008 | $7,310,400,000 | $188,021,165 |
| 2007 | $5,815,700,000 | $149,146,919 |
| 2006 | $5,348,300,000 | $142,775,104 |
| 2005 | $5,125,700,000 | $136,450,662 |
| 2004 | $4,603,100,000 | $114,582,284 |
| 2003 | $3,968,000,000 | $102,085,769 |
| 2002 | $3,555,800,000 | $85,171,074 |
| 2001 | $4,003,700,000 | $75,951,133 |
| 2000 | $4,313,600,000 | $76,198,395 |
| 1999 | $4,271,200,000 | $77,302,212 |
| 1998 | $4,067,800,000 | $72,285,404 |
| 1997 | $3,759,800,000 | $91,920,274 |
| 1996 | $3,409,600,000 | $135,188,166 |
| 1995 | $3,282,800,000 | $103,695,237 |
| 1994 | $2,843,300,000 | $131,338,415 |
| 1993 | - | $125,742,229 |
| 1992 | - | $94,861,781 |
| 1991 | - | $107,484,143 |
| 1990 | - | $119,297,933 |
| 1989 | - | $98,545,367 |
| 1988 | - | $99,000,764 |
| 1987 | - | $115,952,925 |
| 1986 | - | $115,928,907 |
| 1985 | - | $82,733,069 |
| 1984 | - | $78,213,796 |
| 1983 | - | $75,110,289 |
| 1982 | - | $80,307,763 |
| 1981 | - | $83,499,264 |
| 1980 | - | $81,662,231 |
| 1979 | - | $65,755,928 |
| 1978 | - | $55,044,563 |
| 1977 | - | $49,207,692 |
| 1976 | - | $52,039,421 |
| 1975 | - | $60,101,710 |
| 1974 | - | $57,817,591 |
| 1973 | - | $56,011,245 |
| 1972 | - | $41,430,257 |
| 1971 | - | $37,288,845 |
| 1970 | - | $37,211,826 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1970–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/palestine/sao-tome-and-principe | CC BY 
Palestine and Sao Tome and Principe economies compared
| Year | GDP per capita | |
|---|---|---|
|
Palestine
|
Sao Tome
|
|
| 2024 | $2,592 | $3,491 |
| 2023 | $3,455 | $2,991 |
| 2022 | $3,800 | $2,390 |
| 2021 | $3,679 | $2,363 |
| 2020 | $3,234 | $2,167 |
| 2019 | $3,657 | $1,935 |
| 2018 | $3,562 | $1,826 |
| 2017 | $3,620 | $1,556 |
| 2016 | $3,528 | $1,435 |
| 2015 | $3,272 | $1,298 |
| 2014 | $3,352 | $1,490 |
| 2013 | $3,315 | $1,383 |
| 2012 | $3,067 | $1,192 |
| 2011 | $2,881 | $1,220 |
| 2010 | $2,557 | $1,045 |
| 2009 | $2,192 | $1,128 |
| 2008 | $2,035 | $1,082 |
| 2007 | $1,664 | $879 |
| 2006 | $1,570 | $862 |
| 2005 | $1,544 | $844 |
| 2004 | $1,422 | $727 |
| 2003 | $1,258 | $664 |
| 2002 | $1,156 | $568 |
| 2001 | $1,336 | $519 |
| 2000 | $1,476 | $529 |
| 1999 | $1,499 | $543 |
| 1998 | $1,465 | $514 |
| 1997 | $1,389 | $662 |
| 1996 | $1,317 | $987 |
| 1995 | $1,327 | $769 |
| 1994 | $1,202 | $990 |
| 1993 | - | $964 |
| 1992 | - | $740 |
| 1991 | - | $855 |
| 1990 | - | $970 |
| 1989 | - | $821 |
| 1988 | - | $847 |
| 1987 | - | $1,018 |
| 1986 | - | $1,043 |
| 1985 | - | $761 |
| 1984 | - | $735 |
| 1983 | - | $720 |
| 1982 | - | $783 |
| 1981 | - | $830 |
| 1980 | - | $829 |
| 1979 | - | $683 |
| 1978 | - | $587 |
| 1977 | - | $539 |
| 1976 | - | $585 |
| 1975 | - | $693 |
| 1974 | - | $683 |
| 1973 | - | $676 |
| 1972 | - | $511 |
| 1971 | - | $470 |
| 1970 | - | $479 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1970–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/palestine/sao-tome-and-principe | CC BY
Palestine vs. Sao Tome and Principe life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
Palestine
|
Sao Tome
|
|
| 2026 | 77.4 | 70.3 |
| 2025 | 73.1 | 70.1 |
| 2024 | 69.2 | 69.9 |
| 2023 | 65.2 | 69.7 |
| 2022 | 76.7 | 69.2 |
| 2021 | 73.9 | 68 |
| 2020 | 75 | 68 |
| 2019 | 75.8 | 68 |
| 2018 | 75.4 | 67.6 |
| 2017 | 75.2 | 67.1 |
| 2016 | 74.9 | 66.6 |
| 2015 | 74.6 | 66 |
| 2014 | 72.8 | 65.5 |
| 2013 | 74.1 | 64.9 |
| 2012 | 73.7 | 64.5 |
| 2011 | 73.6 | 64.1 |
| 2010 | 73.3 | 63.9 |
| 2009 | 72.3 | 63.7 |
| 2008 | 72.2 | 63.4 |
| 2007 | 72.1 | 63.3 |
| 2006 | 71.8 | 63 |
| 2005 | 72 | 62.4 |
| 2004 | 71.1 | 62.6 |
| 2003 | 71 | 62.2 |
| 2002 | 70.9 | 61.8 |
| 2001 | 69.8 | 61.5 |
| 2000 | 70.3 | 61.2 |
| 1999 | 70.8 | 61 |
| 1998 | 70.6 | 60.8 |
| 1997 | 70.3 | 60.6 |
| 1996 | 70 | 60.6 |
| 1995 | 69.6 | 60.5 |
| 1994 | 69.3 | 60.6 |
| 1993 | 68.8 | 60.6 |
| 1992 | 68.5 | 60.7 |
| 1991 | 68.2 | 60.8 |
| 1990 | 67.8 | 60.7 |
| 1989 | 67.1 | 59.7 |
| 1988 | 66.7 | 60.8 |
| 1987 | 66.3 | 60.7 |
| 1986 | 65.7 | 57.6 |
| 1985 | 65.3 | 60.1 |
| 1984 | 64.7 | 59.9 |
| 1983 | 64.1 | 59.7 |
| 1982 | 63.5 | 59.5 |
| 1981 | 62.8 | 59.4 |
| 1980 | 62.2 | 59.4 |
| 1979 | 61.5 | 59.3 |
| 1978 | 60.8 | 59.1 |
| 1977 | 60.1 | 59 |
| 1976 | 59.4 | 58.8 |
| 1975 | 58.7 | 58.6 |
| 1974 | 58 | 58.3 |
| 1973 | 57.6 | 57.9 |
| 1972 | 56.7 | 57.4 |
| 1971 | 56 | 57 |
| 1970 | 55.4 | 56.3 |
| 1969 | 54.7 | 55.4 |
| 1968 | 54.1 | 54.5 |
| 1967 | 50.9 | 53.4 |
| 1966 | 52.8 | 52.3 |
| 1965 | 52.2 | 51.1 |
| 1964 | 51.6 | 49.7 |
| 1963 | 51 | 48.4 |
| 1962 | 50.4 | 46.8 |
| 1961 | 49.8 | 45.2 |
| 1960 | 49.3 | 43.6 |
| 1959 | 48.8 | 42.1 |
| 1958 | 48.4 | 41 |
| 1957 | 48 | 40.1 |
| 1956 | 47.6 | 39.5 |
| 1955 | 47.2 | 39.3 |
| 1954 | 46.9 | 39.2 |
| 1953 | 46.6 | 39.1 |
| 1952 | 46.3 | 39.1 |
| 1951 | 46 | 39.1 |
| 1950 | 45.7 | 39.1 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).
GeoRank.org/facts/palestine/sao-tome-and-principe | CC BY
Palestine and Sao Tome and Principe population clocks and comparison
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
Palestine
|
Sao Tome
|
|
| 2024 | 5,289,152 | 235,536 |
| 2023 | 5,165,775 | 230,871 |
| 2022 | 5,043,612 | 226,305 |
| 2021 | 4,922,749 | 221,961 |
| 2020 | 4,803,269 | 217,435 |
| 2019 | 4,685,306 | 213,392 |
| 2018 | 4,569,087 | 210,187 |
| 2017 | 4,454,805 | 206,970 |
| 2016 | 4,367,088 | 203,689 |
| 2015 | 4,270,092 | 200,291 |
| 2014 | 4,173,398 | 196,767 |
| 2013 | 4,076,708 | 193,148 |
| 2012 | 3,979,998 | 189,439 |
| 2011 | 3,882,986 | 185,649 |
| 2010 | 3,786,161 | 181,802 |
| 2009 | 3,689,099 | 177,853 |
| 2008 | 3,591,977 | 173,793 |
| 2007 | 3,494,496 | 169,700 |
| 2006 | 3,406,334 | 165,638 |
| 2005 | 3,320,396 | 161,639 |
| 2004 | 3,236,626 | 157,705 |
| 2003 | 3,154,969 | 153,814 |
| 2002 | 3,075,373 | 149,922 |
| 2001 | 2,997,784 | 146,375 |
| 2000 | 2,922,153 | 144,018 |
| 1999 | 2,848,431 | 142,442 |
| 1998 | 2,776,568 | 140,751 |
| 1997 | 2,706,518 | 138,922 |
| 1996 | 2,587,997 | 136,962 |
| 1995 | 2,474,666 | 134,895 |
| 1994 | 2,366,298 | 132,732 |
| 1993 | 2,262,676 | 130,467 |
| 1992 | 2,163,591 | 128,110 |
| 1991 | 2,068,845 | 125,697 |
| 1990 | 1,978,248 | 122,980 |
| 1989 | - | 119,979 |
| 1988 | - | 116,939 |
| 1987 | - | 113,919 |
| 1986 | - | 111,150 |
| 1985 | - | 108,658 |
| 1984 | - | 106,394 |
| 1983 | - | 104,380 |
| 1982 | - | 102,508 |
| 1981 | - | 100,615 |
| 1980 | - | 98,544 |
| 1979 | - | 96,252 |
| 1978 | - | 93,794 |
| 1977 | - | 91,301 |
| 1976 | - | 88,922 |
| 1975 | - | 86,708 |
| 1974 | - | 84,672 |
| 1973 | - | 82,798 |
| 1972 | - | 81,041 |
| 1971 | - | 79,330 |
| 1970 | - | 77,626 |
| 1969 | - | 76,083 |
| 1968 | - | 74,765 |
| 1967 | - | 73,596 |
| 1966 | - | 72,576 |
| 1965 | - | 71,680 |
| 1964 | - | 70,865 |
| 1963 | - | 70,112 |
| 1962 | - | 69,403 |
| 1961 | - | 68,707 |
| 1960 | - | 68,012 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/palestine/sao-tome-and-principe | CC BY
Fertility rates in Palestine and Sao Tome and Principe
| Year | Fertility rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Palestine
|
Sao Tome
|
|
| 2023 | 3.31 | 3.64 |
| 2022 | 3.38 | 3.7 |
| 2021 | 3.44 | 3.76 |
| 2020 | 3.51 | 3.83 |
| 2019 | 3.59 | 3.9 |
| 2018 | 3.67 | 3.98 |
| 2017 | 3.77 | 4.07 |
| 2016 | 3.89 | 4.2 |
| 2015 | 3.98 | 4.35 |
| 2014 | 4 | 4.49 |
| 2013 | 4.05 | 4.58 |
| 2012 | 4.15 | 4.66 |
| 2011 | 4.31 | 4.72 |
| 2010 | 4.43 | 4.77 |
| 2009 | 4.44 | 4.84 |
| 2008 | 4.51 | 4.91 |
| 2007 | 4.63 | 4.96 |
| 2006 | 4.74 | 4.93 |
| 2005 | 4.87 | 4.94 |
| 2004 | 4.97 | 4.96 |
| 2003 | 5.06 | 5.01 |
| 2002 | 5.22 | 5.06 |
| 2001 | 5.34 | 5.1 |
| 2000 | 5.46 | 5.16 |
| 1999 | 5.58 | 5.23 |
| 1998 | 5.69 | 5.3 |
| 1997 | 5.82 | 5.4 |
| 1996 | 5.99 | 5.47 |
| 1995 | 6.16 | 5.55 |
| 1994 | 6.33 | 5.56 |
| 1993 | 6.5 | 5.64 |
| 1992 | 6.65 | 5.7 |
| 1991 | 6.75 | 5.77 |
| 1990 | 6.81 | 5.83 |
| 1989 | - | 5.88 |
| 1988 | - | 5.94 |
| 1987 | - | 5.99 |
| 1986 | - | 6.05 |
| 1985 | - | 6.1 |
| 1984 | - | 6.16 |
| 1983 | - | 6.22 |
| 1982 | - | 6.28 |
| 1981 | - | 6.33 |
| 1980 | - | 6.39 |
| 1979 | - | 6.43 |
| 1978 | - | 6.47 |
| 1977 | - | 6.5 |
| 1976 | - | 6.52 |
| 1975 | - | 6.53 |
| 1974 | - | 6.53 |
| 1973 | - | 6.53 |
| 1972 | - | 6.51 |
| 1971 | - | 6.49 |
| 1970 | - | 6.47 |
| 1969 | - | 6.44 |
| 1968 | - | 6.42 |
| 1967 | - | 6.39 |
| 1966 | - | 6.37 |
| 1965 | - | 6.35 |
| 1964 | - | 6.33 |
| 1963 | - | 6.31 |
| 1962 | - | 6.28 |
| 1961 | - | 6.26 |
| 1960 | - | 6.24 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/palestine/sao-tome-and-principe | CC BY
Palestine and Sao Tome and Principe demographics compared
| Year | Median age, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
Palestine
|
Sao Tome
|
|
| 2024 | 20.9 | 20.3 |
| 2023 | 20.8 | 20.1 |
| 2022 | 20.6 | 19.9 |
| 2021 | 20.4 | 19.7 |
| 2020 | 20.3 | 19.5 |
| 2019 | 20.2 | 19.4 |
| 2018 | 20 | 19.3 |
| 2017 | 19.9 | 19.1 |
| 2016 | 19.8 | 19 |
| 2015 | 19.6 | 19 |
| 2014 | 19.4 | 18.9 |
| 2013 | 19.1 | 18.9 |
| 2012 | 18.9 | 18.9 |
| 2011 | 18.6 | 18.9 |
| 2010 | 18.4 | 18.8 |
| 2009 | 18.1 | 18.7 |
| 2008 | 17.9 | 18.7 |
| 2007 | 17.6 | 18.7 |
| 2006 | 17.4 | 18.6 |
| 2005 | 17.1 | 18.5 |
| 2004 | 16.9 | 18.4 |
| 2003 | 16.7 | 18.3 |
| 2002 | 16.5 | 18.1 |
| 2001 | 16.3 | 18 |
| 2000 | 16.2 | 17.9 |
| 1999 | 16 | 17.7 |
| 1998 | 15.9 | 17.5 |
| 1997 | 15.8 | 17.4 |
| 1996 | 15.7 | 17.3 |
| 1995 | 15.6 | 17.3 |
| 1994 | 15.5 | 17.2 |
| 1993 | 15.5 | 17.2 |
| 1992 | 15.4 | 17.3 |
| 1991 | 15.4 | 17.3 |
| 1990 | 15.4 | 17.4 |
| 1989 | - | 17.4 |
| 1988 | - | 17.4 |
| 1987 | - | 17.4 |
| 1986 | - | 17.4 |
| 1985 | - | 17.4 |
| 1984 | - | 17.4 |
| 1983 | - | 17.4 |
| 1982 | - | 17.4 |
| 1981 | - | 17.4 |
| 1980 | - | 17.3 |
| 1979 | - | 17.3 |
| 1978 | - | 17.2 |
| 1977 | - | 17.2 |
| 1976 | - | 17.1 |
| 1975 | - | 17.1 |
| 1974 | - | 17.1 |
| 1973 | - | 17 |
| 1972 | - | 17 |
| 1971 | - | 16.9 |
| 1970 | - | 16.9 |
| 1969 | - | 17.2 |
| 1968 | - | 17.7 |
| 1967 | - | 18.5 |
| 1966 | - | 19.5 |
| 1965 | - | 21 |
| 1964 | - | 22.4 |
| 1963 | - | 23.5 |
| 1962 | - | 24.1 |
| 1961 | - | 24.3 |
| 1960 | - | 24.2 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/palestine/sao-tome-and-principe | CC BY
Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to switch between world maps comparing statistics for Palestine and Sao Tome and Principe.
National statistics comparison
Finance
|
Palestine
|
Sao Tome
|
|
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$14.3B
2024 |
$671M
2024 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
20%
2025 |
24.7%
2024 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
5.43%
2021 |
5.03%
2023 |
| Armed forces personnel |
0
2020 |
1,000
1999 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP | n/a |
+0.92%
2024 |
| Unemployment rate |
31.4%
2024 |
6.66%
2017 |
| Services, % of GDP |
58.5%
2023 |
80.3%
2024 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
15.6%
2023 |
2.83%
2024 |
| Economic freedom index |
30
2025 |
60.6
2026 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
27.1%
2023 |
32.8%
2017 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.5%
2023 |
2.6%
2017 |
| Listed domestic companies |
48
2024 |
n/a |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$4.08B
2024 |
n/a |
| Total reserves including gold |
$1.33B
2024 |
$46.2M
2023 |
| Personal remittances received |
$736M
2024 |
$80.1M
2024 |
| International tourist arrivals |
93,000
2020 |
33,400
2018 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
9.43%
2018 |
73.2%
2018 |
| Banked people share |
39.6%
2024 |
n/a |
Energy
|
Palestine
|
Sao Tome
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita | n/a |
259.3 kg
2007 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use | n/a |
$10.2
2007 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions | n/a |
0.15 megatons
2024 |
| CO2 emissions per capita | n/a |
0.63 tons
2024 |
| Fossil fuel energy use share | n/a |
0%
2007 |
| Renewable energy use share |
15.4%
2022 |
42.5%
2022 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
24.5%
2021 |
6.06%
2021 |
| Hydroelectric share |
0%
2021 |
5.85%
2021 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
0%
2021 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
81.3%
2023 |
Society
|
Palestine
|
Sao Tome
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.07%
2024 |
0.003%
2024 |
| Annual migration change |
-23,156
2025 |
-650
2025 |
| Urban population |
87.1%
2024 |
68.9%
2024 |
| Male:Female ratio |
49.6:50.4
2024 |
49.7:50.3
2024 |
| Average male height |
5.74 ft
2025 |
5.59 ft
2025 |
| Average female height |
5.29 ft
2025 |
5.24 ft
2025 |
| Quality of life index |
35.4
2026 |
32.3
2026 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
18
2025 |
45
2025 |
| Higher education index |
49
2026 |
n/a |
| Homicides per 100K people |
1.41
2022 |
3.23
2011 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
5.3
2016 |
27.9
2019 |
| Visa free countries |
47
2025 |
70
2025 |
| Adult literacy rate |
97.9%
2024 |
93.8%
2022 |
| English speaking |
20%
2025 |
4.9%
2025 |
| People using the Internet |
86.6%
2023 |
61.5%
2023 |
Health
|
Palestine
|
Sao Tome
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$346
2023 |
$171.1
2023 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$145.4
2023 |
$28.5
2023 |
| Life expectancy |
77.4 years
2026 |
70.3 years
2026 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
8.65%
2023 |
43.9%
2023 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
2.17
2018 |
0.46
2022 |
| Age at first childbirth | n/a |
19.4 years
2025 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
16
2023 |
75
2023 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age |
26.3
2023 |
13.9
2023 |
| Obesity rate |
38.5%
2022 |
17.2%
2022 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
15.5%
2024 |
12.1%
2024 |
| Air quality index |
45
2026 |
24
2026 |
| Tobacco use prevalence | n/a |
7.8%
2022 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita | n/a |
4.79 liters
2020 |
Territory
In-depth comparisons
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2025, retrieved 2026-02-20)
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