Angola has a population of 37.9M (ranked 40/197), compared with 5.29M in Palestine (ranked 122/197). Angola's land area is 481,354 sq mi versus 2,326 sq mi for Palestine (ranked 22nd vs. 164th).
By GDP, Angola ranks 71/197 ($101B) and Palestine ranks 146/197 ($13.7B). By GDP per capita, Angola ranks 144/197 ($2,666), while Palestine ranks 147/197 ($2,592).
Main facts and rankings
Angola
|
Palestine
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Population |
40555924
|
5500288
|
| Population rank | 39/197 | 123/197 |
| GDP |
$101B
2024 |
$13.7B
2024 |
| GDP rank | 71/197 | 146/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$2,666
2024 |
$2,592
2024 |
| GDP per capita rank | 144/197 | 147/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$10,119
2024 |
$4,371
2024 |
| Government debt |
$60.5B
2024 |
n/a |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
59.9%
2024 |
n/a |
| Government debt per person |
$1,597
2024 |
n/a |
| Government debt per person rank | 127/185 | n/a |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$28,080
2026 |
$6,862
2026 |
| Land area | 481,354 sq mi | 2,326 sq mi |
| Population density |
83.6 ppl/mi²
2026 |
2,352 ppl/mi²
2026 |
| Fertility rate |
5.12
2023 |
3.31
2023 |
| Median age |
17.7 years
2024 |
20.9 years
2024 |
| Life expectancy |
65.2 years
2026 |
77.4 years
2026 |
Angola and Palestine: Comparison Charts
Angola and Palestine economies compared
| Year | GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
Angola
|
Palestine
|
|
| 2024 | $100,998,916,781 | $13,711,100,000 |
| 2023 | $107,167,747,140 | $17,847,900,000 |
| 2022 | $131,212,208,930 | $19,165,500,000 |
| 2021 | $79,559,543,805 | $18,109,000,000 |
| 2020 | $58,852,456,454 | $15,531,700,000 |
| 2019 | $80,734,428,593 | $17,133,500,000 |
| 2018 | $89,512,794,227 | $16,276,600,000 |
| 2017 | $84,376,935,689 | $16,128,000,000 |
| 2016 | $59,878,249,719 | $15,405,400,000 |
| 2015 | $102,543,067,841 | $13,972,400,000 |
| 2014 | $153,449,860,496 | $13,989,700,000 |
| 2013 | $148,845,200,697 | $13,515,500,000 |
| 2012 | $143,572,907,528 | $12,208,400,000 |
| 2011 | $125,551,634,704 | $11,186,100,000 |
| 2010 | $95,546,919,755 | $9,681,500,000 |
| 2009 | $81,705,175,408 | $8,085,700,000 |
| 2008 | $98,790,432,989 | $7,310,400,000 |
| 2007 | $73,037,821,927 | $5,815,700,000 |
| 2006 | $58,653,659,980 | $5,348,300,000 |
| 2005 | $41,396,636,383 | $5,125,700,000 |
| 2004 | $26,997,977,897 | $4,603,100,000 |
| 2003 | $20,342,128,112 | $3,968,000,000 |
| 2002 | $17,311,512,432 | $3,555,800,000 |
| 2001 | $8,936,079,118 | $4,003,700,000 |
| 2000 | $9,129,594,970 | $4,313,600,000 |
| 1999 | $6,152,923,310 | $4,271,200,000 |
| 1998 | $6,506,221,616 | $4,067,800,000 |
| 1997 | $7,648,380,196 | $3,759,800,000 |
| 1996 | $7,526,421,519 | $3,409,600,000 |
| 1995 | $5,538,749,260 | $3,282,800,000 |
| 1994 | $4,438,321,017 | $2,843,300,000 |
| 1993 | $5,768,720,422 | - |
| 1992 | $8,307,810,974 | - |
| 1991 | $10,603,784,541 | - |
| 1990 | $11,229,515,599 | - |
| 1989 | $10,201,780,977 | - |
| 1988 | $8,769,836,769 | - |
| 1987 | $8,084,412,414 | - |
| 1986 | $7,072,536,109 | - |
| 1985 | $7,554,065,410 | - |
| 1984 | $6,131,475,065 | - |
| 1983 | $5,784,341,596 | - |
| 1982 | $5,550,483,036 | - |
| 1981 | $5,550,483,036 | - |
| 1980 | $5,930,503,401 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1980–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/angola/palestine | CC BY 
Angola and Palestine economies compared
| Year | GDP per capita | |
|---|---|---|
|
Angola
|
Palestine
|
|
| 2024 | $2,666 | $2,592 |
| 2023 | $2,916 | $3,455 |
| 2022 | $3,682 | $3,800 |
| 2021 | $2,304 | $3,679 |
| 2020 | $1,759 | $3,234 |
| 2019 | $2,494 | $3,657 |
| 2018 | $2,860 | $3,562 |
| 2017 | $2,791 | $3,620 |
| 2016 | $2,052 | $3,528 |
| 2015 | $3,642 | $3,272 |
| 2014 | $5,650 | $3,352 |
| 2013 | $5,689 | $3,315 |
| 2012 | $5,702 | $3,067 |
| 2011 | $5,184 | $2,881 |
| 2010 | $4,102 | $2,557 |
| 2009 | $3,645 | $2,192 |
| 2008 | $4,578 | $2,035 |
| 2007 | $3,515 | $1,664 |
| 2006 | $2,930 | $1,570 |
| 2005 | $2,146 | $1,544 |
| 2004 | $1,451 | $1,422 |
| 2003 | $1,134 | $1,258 |
| 2002 | $999 | $1,156 |
| 2001 | $534 | $1,336 |
| 2000 | $564 | $1,476 |
| 1999 | $393 | $1,499 |
| 1998 | $429 | $1,465 |
| 1997 | $522 | $1,389 |
| 1996 | $531 | $1,317 |
| 1995 | $404 | $1,327 |
| 1994 | $335 | $1,202 |
| 1993 | $450 | - |
| 1992 | $669 | - |
| 1991 | $882 | - |
| 1990 | $966 | - |
| 1989 | $908 | - |
| 1988 | $807 | - |
| 1987 | $770 | - |
| 1986 | $698 | - |
| 1985 | $772 | - |
| 1984 | $650 | - |
| 1983 | $637 | - |
| 1982 | $634 | - |
| 1981 | $658 | - |
| 1980 | $729 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1980–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/angola/palestine | CC BY
Angola vs. Palestine life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
Angola
|
Palestine
|
|
| 2026 | 65.2 | 77.4 |
| 2025 | 65 | 73.1 |
| 2024 | 64.8 | 69.2 |
| 2023 | 64.6 | 65.2 |
| 2022 | 64.2 | 76.7 |
| 2021 | 63 | 73.9 |
| 2020 | 63.1 | 75 |
| 2019 | 63.1 | 75.8 |
| 2018 | 62.6 | 75.4 |
| 2017 | 62.1 | 75.2 |
| 2016 | 61.6 | 74.9 |
| 2015 | 61 | 74.6 |
| 2014 | 60.4 | 72.8 |
| 2013 | 59.7 | 74.1 |
| 2012 | 58.9 | 73.7 |
| 2011 | 58.1 | 73.6 |
| 2010 | 57.2 | 73.3 |
| 2009 | 56.2 | 72.3 |
| 2008 | 55.3 | 72.2 |
| 2007 | 54.2 | 72.1 |
| 2006 | 53 | 71.8 |
| 2005 | 52.1 | 72 |
| 2004 | 51.1 | 71.1 |
| 2003 | 50.2 | 71 |
| 2002 | 47.9 | 70.9 |
| 2001 | 47 | 69.8 |
| 2000 | 46.5 | 70.3 |
| 1999 | 45.8 | 70.8 |
| 1998 | 45.5 | 70.6 |
| 1997 | 46.7 | 70.3 |
| 1996 | 46.4 | 70 |
| 1995 | 46.1 | 69.6 |
| 1994 | 43.6 | 69.3 |
| 1993 | 42.2 | 68.8 |
| 1992 | 42.3 | 68.5 |
| 1991 | 43.8 | 68.2 |
| 1990 | 41.9 | 67.8 |
| 1989 | 41.7 | 67.1 |
| 1988 | 41.5 | 66.7 |
| 1987 | 40.8 | 66.3 |
| 1986 | 42.7 | 65.7 |
| 1985 | 42.5 | 65.3 |
| 1984 | 42.2 | 64.7 |
| 1983 | 42 | 64.1 |
| 1982 | 42.9 | 63.5 |
| 1981 | 42.6 | 62.8 |
| 1980 | 42.2 | 62.2 |
| 1979 | 41.9 | 61.5 |
| 1978 | 41.6 | 60.8 |
| 1977 | 41.2 | 60.1 |
| 1976 | 40.8 | 59.4 |
| 1975 | 40.8 | 58.7 |
| 1974 | 41.3 | 58 |
| 1973 | 40.9 | 57.6 |
| 1972 | 40.5 | 56.7 |
| 1971 | 40.1 | 56 |
| 1970 | 39.7 | 55.4 |
| 1969 | 39.3 | 54.7 |
| 1968 | 39 | 54.1 |
| 1967 | 38.6 | 50.9 |
| 1966 | 38.3 | 52.8 |
| 1965 | 38 | 52.2 |
| 1964 | 37.7 | 51.6 |
| 1963 | 37.4 | 51 |
| 1962 | 37.2 | 50.4 |
| 1961 | 36.9 | 49.8 |
| 1960 | 37.9 | 49.3 |
| 1959 | 37.7 | 48.8 |
| 1958 | 37.5 | 48.4 |
| 1957 | 37.3 | 48 |
| 1956 | 37.1 | 47.6 |
| 1955 | 36.9 | 47.2 |
| 1954 | 36.6 | 46.9 |
| 1953 | 36.4 | 46.6 |
| 1952 | 36.2 | 46.3 |
| 1951 | 36 | 46 |
| 1950 | 35.9 | 45.7 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).
GeoRank.org/facts/angola/palestine | CC BY
Angola and Palestine population clocks and comparison
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
Angola
|
Palestine
|
|
| 2024 | 37,885,849 | 5,289,152 |
| 2023 | 36,749,906 | 5,165,775 |
| 2022 | 35,635,029 | 5,043,612 |
| 2021 | 34,532,429 | 4,922,749 |
| 2020 | 33,451,132 | 4,803,269 |
| 2019 | 32,375,632 | 4,685,306 |
| 2018 | 31,297,155 | 4,569,087 |
| 2017 | 30,234,839 | 4,454,805 |
| 2016 | 29,183,070 | 4,367,088 |
| 2015 | 28,157,798 | 4,270,092 |
| 2014 | 27,160,769 | 4,173,398 |
| 2013 | 26,165,620 | 4,076,708 |
| 2012 | 25,177,394 | 3,979,998 |
| 2011 | 24,218,352 | 3,882,986 |
| 2010 | 23,294,825 | 3,786,161 |
| 2009 | 22,414,773 | 3,689,099 |
| 2008 | 21,578,655 | 3,591,977 |
| 2007 | 20,778,561 | 3,494,496 |
| 2006 | 20,015,279 | 3,406,334 |
| 2005 | 19,291,161 | 3,320,396 |
| 2004 | 18,600,423 | 3,236,626 |
| 2003 | 17,943,712 | 3,154,969 |
| 2002 | 17,327,699 | 3,075,373 |
| 2001 | 16,747,208 | 2,997,784 |
| 2000 | 16,194,869 | 2,922,153 |
| 1999 | 15,667,235 | 2,848,431 |
| 1998 | 15,159,370 | 2,776,568 |
| 1997 | 14,660,413 | 2,706,518 |
| 1996 | 14,170,973 | 2,587,997 |
| 1995 | 13,699,778 | 2,474,666 |
| 1994 | 13,249,764 | 2,366,298 |
| 1993 | 12,827,135 | 2,262,676 |
| 1992 | 12,423,712 | 2,163,591 |
| 1991 | 12,023,529 | 2,068,845 |
| 1990 | 11,626,360 | 1,978,248 |
| 1989 | 11,238,562 | - |
| 1988 | 10,861,291 | - |
| 1987 | 10,497,858 | - |
| 1986 | 10,139,450 | - |
| 1985 | 9,779,120 | - |
| 1984 | 9,425,917 | - |
| 1983 | 9,082,983 | - |
| 1982 | 8,751,648 | - |
| 1981 | 8,435,607 | - |
| 1980 | 8,133,872 | - |
| 1979 | 7,847,207 | - |
| 1978 | 7,576,734 | - |
| 1977 | 7,317,829 | - |
| 1976 | 7,074,664 | - |
| 1975 | 6,842,947 | - |
| 1974 | 6,613,367 | - |
| 1973 | 6,388,528 | - |
| 1972 | 6,174,262 | - |
| 1971 | 5,991,102 | - |
| 1970 | 5,852,788 | - |
| 1969 | 5,763,685 | - |
| 1968 | 5,702,699 | - |
| 1967 | 5,641,807 | - |
| 1966 | 5,581,386 | - |
| 1965 | 5,521,981 | - |
| 1964 | 5,464,187 | - |
| 1963 | 5,408,320 | - |
| 1962 | 5,354,310 | - |
| 1961 | 5,301,583 | - |
| 1960 | 5,231,654 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/angola/palestine | CC BY
Fertility rates in Angola and Palestine
| Year | Fertility rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Angola
|
Palestine
|
|
| 2023 | 5.12 | 3.31 |
| 2022 | 5.21 | 3.38 |
| 2021 | 5.3 | 3.44 |
| 2020 | 5.37 | 3.51 |
| 2019 | 5.44 | 3.59 |
| 2018 | 5.52 | 3.67 |
| 2017 | 5.6 | 3.77 |
| 2016 | 5.69 | 3.89 |
| 2015 | 5.77 | 3.98 |
| 2014 | 5.86 | 4 |
| 2013 | 5.95 | 4.05 |
| 2012 | 6.04 | 4.15 |
| 2011 | 6.12 | 4.31 |
| 2010 | 6.19 | 4.43 |
| 2009 | 6.26 | 4.44 |
| 2008 | 6.32 | 4.51 |
| 2007 | 6.37 | 4.63 |
| 2006 | 6.42 | 4.74 |
| 2005 | 6.46 | 4.87 |
| 2004 | 6.5 | 4.97 |
| 2003 | 6.53 | 5.06 |
| 2002 | 6.57 | 5.22 |
| 2001 | 6.6 | 5.34 |
| 2000 | 6.64 | 5.46 |
| 1999 | 6.68 | 5.58 |
| 1998 | 6.73 | 5.69 |
| 1997 | 6.79 | 5.82 |
| 1996 | 6.85 | 5.99 |
| 1995 | 6.92 | 6.16 |
| 1994 | 6.99 | 6.33 |
| 1993 | 7.07 | 6.5 |
| 1992 | 7.14 | 6.65 |
| 1991 | 7.21 | 6.75 |
| 1990 | 7.27 | 6.81 |
| 1989 | 7.33 | - |
| 1988 | 7.37 | - |
| 1987 | 7.41 | - |
| 1986 | 7.44 | - |
| 1985 | 7.45 | - |
| 1984 | 7.46 | - |
| 1983 | 7.46 | - |
| 1982 | 7.46 | - |
| 1981 | 7.46 | - |
| 1980 | 7.46 | - |
| 1979 | 7.46 | - |
| 1978 | 7.47 | - |
| 1977 | 7.48 | - |
| 1976 | 7.49 | - |
| 1975 | 7.49 | - |
| 1974 | 7.5 | - |
| 1973 | 7.5 | - |
| 1972 | 7.49 | - |
| 1971 | 7.47 | - |
| 1970 | 7.43 | - |
| 1969 | 7.39 | - |
| 1968 | 7.33 | - |
| 1967 | 7.27 | - |
| 1966 | 7.19 | - |
| 1965 | 7.12 | - |
| 1964 | 7.04 | - |
| 1963 | 6.95 | - |
| 1962 | 6.87 | - |
| 1961 | 6.79 | - |
| 1960 | 6.71 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/angola/palestine | CC BY
Angola and Palestine demographics compared
| Year | Median age, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
Angola
|
Palestine
|
|
| 2024 | 17.7 | 20.9 |
| 2023 | 17.6 | 20.8 |
| 2022 | 17.5 | 20.6 |
| 2021 | 17.5 | 20.4 |
| 2020 | 17.5 | 20.3 |
| 2019 | 17.4 | 20.2 |
| 2018 | 17.4 | 20 |
| 2017 | 17.4 | 19.9 |
| 2016 | 17.4 | 19.8 |
| 2015 | 17.4 | 19.6 |
| 2014 | 17.4 | 19.4 |
| 2013 | 17.4 | 19.1 |
| 2012 | 17.4 | 18.9 |
| 2011 | 17.4 | 18.6 |
| 2010 | 17.4 | 18.4 |
| 2009 | 17.4 | 18.1 |
| 2008 | 17.4 | 17.9 |
| 2007 | 17.4 | 17.6 |
| 2006 | 17.3 | 17.4 |
| 2005 | 17.3 | 17.1 |
| 2004 | 17.3 | 16.9 |
| 2003 | 17.3 | 16.7 |
| 2002 | 17.2 | 16.5 |
| 2001 | 17.2 | 16.3 |
| 2000 | 17.2 | 16.2 |
| 1999 | 17.2 | 16 |
| 1998 | 17.1 | 15.9 |
| 1997 | 17.1 | 15.8 |
| 1996 | 17.1 | 15.7 |
| 1995 | 17.1 | 15.6 |
| 1994 | 17.2 | 15.5 |
| 1993 | 17.3 | 15.5 |
| 1992 | 17.3 | 15.4 |
| 1991 | 17.4 | 15.4 |
| 1990 | 17.5 | 15.4 |
| 1989 | 17.6 | - |
| 1988 | 17.6 | - |
| 1987 | 17.7 | - |
| 1986 | 17.8 | - |
| 1985 | 17.8 | - |
| 1984 | 17.8 | - |
| 1983 | 17.7 | - |
| 1982 | 17.7 | - |
| 1981 | 17.6 | - |
| 1980 | 17.6 | - |
| 1979 | 17.5 | - |
| 1978 | 17.4 | - |
| 1977 | 17.3 | - |
| 1976 | 17.2 | - |
| 1975 | 17.2 | - |
| 1974 | 17.1 | - |
| 1973 | 17 | - |
| 1972 | 17 | - |
| 1971 | 17 | - |
| 1970 | 17.3 | - |
| 1969 | 17.6 | - |
| 1968 | 17.8 | - |
| 1967 | 18.1 | - |
| 1966 | 18.3 | - |
| 1965 | 18.6 | - |
| 1964 | 18.9 | - |
| 1963 | 19.1 | - |
| 1962 | 19.4 | - |
| 1961 | 19.6 | - |
| 1960 | 19.8 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/angola/palestine | CC BY
Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to switch between world maps comparing statistics for Angola and Palestine.
National statistics comparison
Finance
|
Angola
|
Palestine
|
|
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$108B
2024 |
$14.3B
2024 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
18.4%
2024 |
20%
2025 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
2.51%
2023 |
5.43%
2021 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
1%
2024 |
n/a |
| Armed forces personnel |
117,000
2020 |
0
2020 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
-1.01%
2024 |
n/a |
| Unemployment rate |
14.1%
2022 |
31.4%
2024 |
| Services, % of GDP |
41.1%
2024 |
58.5%
2023 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
34.6%
2024 |
15.6%
2023 |
| Economic freedom index |
54.4
2026 |
30
2025 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
39.6%
2018 |
27.1%
2023 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
1.3%
2018 |
2.5%
2023 |
| Listed domestic companies | n/a |
48
2024 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies | n/a |
$4.08B
2024 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$14.2B
2024 |
$1.33B
2024 |
| Personal remittances received |
$51M
2024 |
$736M
2024 |
| International tourist arrivals |
218,000
2019 |
93,000
2020 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
0.09%
2020 |
9.43%
2018 |
| Banked people share |
29.3%
2014 |
39.6%
2024 |
Energy
|
Angola
|
Palestine
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
423 kg
2022 |
n/a |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$22.7
2022 |
n/a |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
28.1 megatons
2024 |
n/a |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
0.74 tons
2024 |
n/a |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
47%
2022 |
n/a |
| Renewable energy use share |
52.9%
2021 |
15.4%
2022 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
6.55%
2022 |
n/a |
| Net energy imports use share |
-354%
2022 |
n/a |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
393 kWh
2022 |
n/a |
| Renewable electricity output share |
91.7%
2021 |
24.5%
2021 |
| Hydroelectric share |
70.4%
2022 |
0%
2021 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
0%
2021 |
| Electricity access |
51.1%
2023 |
100%
2023 |
Society
|
Angola
|
Palestine
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.47%
2024 |
0.07%
2024 |
| Annual migration change |
-3,524
2025 |
-23,156
2025 |
| Urban population |
70.7%
2024 |
87.1%
2024 |
| Male:Female ratio |
49.5:50.5
2024 |
49.6:50.4
2024 |
| Average male height |
5.53 ft
2025 |
5.74 ft
2025 |
| Average female height |
5.19 ft
2025 |
5.29 ft
2025 |
| Quality of life index |
45.2
2026 |
35.4
2026 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
32
2025 |
18
2025 |
| Higher education index |
4
2026 |
49
2026 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
4.1
2016 |
1.41
2022 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
26.1
2019 |
5.3
2016 |
| Visa free countries |
62
2025 |
47
2025 |
| Adult literacy rate |
72.4%
2022 |
97.9%
2024 |
| English speaking |
1%
2025 |
20%
2025 |
| People using the Internet |
44.8%
2023 |
86.6%
2023 |
Health
|
Angola
|
Palestine
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$76.1
2023 |
$346
2023 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$24.8
2023 |
$145.4
2023 |
| Life expectancy |
65.2 years
2026 |
77.4 years
2026 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
7.17%
2023 |
8.65%
2023 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
0.24
2022 |
2.17
2018 |
| Age at first childbirth |
19.4 years
2025 |
n/a |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
183
2023 |
16
2023 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age |
64
2023 |
26.3
2023 |
| Obesity rate |
11.8%
2022 |
38.5%
2022 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
4.9%
2024 |
15.5%
2024 |
| Air quality index |
9
2026 |
45
2026 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
4.13 liters
2020 |
n/a |
Territory
In-depth comparisons
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2025, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
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