Croatia has a population of 3.87M (ranked 129/197), compared with 5.29M in Palestine (ranked 122/197). Croatia's land area is 21,606 sq mi versus 2,326 sq mi for Palestine (ranked 123rd vs. 164th).
By GDP, Croatia ranks 75/197 ($93B) and Palestine ranks 146/197 ($13.7B). By GDP per capita, Croatia ranks 50/197 ($24,050), while Palestine ranks 147/197 ($2,592).
Main facts and rankings
Croatia
|
Palestine
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Population |
3812193
|
5500288
|
| Population rank | 129/197 | 123/197 |
| GDP |
$93B
2024 |
$13.7B
2024 |
| GDP rank | 75/197 | 146/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$24,050
2024 |
$2,592
2024 |
| GDP per capita rank | 50/197 | 147/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$49,551
2024 |
$4,371
2024 |
| Government debt |
$53.5B
2024 |
n/a |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
57.6%
2024 |
n/a |
| Government debt per person |
$13,844
2024 |
n/a |
| Government debt per person rank | 42/185 | n/a |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$20,856
2026 |
$6,862
2026 |
| Land area | 21,606 sq mi | 2,326 sq mi |
| Population density |
176.4 ppl/mi²
2026 |
2,352 ppl/mi²
2026 |
| Fertility rate |
1.46
2023 |
3.31
2023 |
| Median age |
46 years
2024 |
20.9 years
2024 |
| Life expectancy |
79.1 years
2026 |
77.4 years
2026 |
Croatia and Palestine: Comparison Charts
Croatia and Palestine economies compared
| Year | GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
Croatia
|
Palestine
|
|
| 2024 | $92,983,810,329 | $13,711,100,000 |
| 2023 | $85,624,153,964 | $17,847,900,000 |
| 2022 | $71,196,498,671 | $19,165,500,000 |
| 2021 | $69,002,365,163 | $18,109,000,000 |
| 2020 | $57,959,843,541 | $15,531,700,000 |
| 2019 | $61,466,721,186 | $17,133,500,000 |
| 2018 | $61,667,925,219 | $16,276,600,000 |
| 2017 | $56,182,782,586 | $16,128,000,000 |
| 2016 | $52,650,714,172 | $15,405,400,000 |
| 2015 | $50,998,893,385 | $13,972,400,000 |
| 2014 | $59,606,934,501 | $13,989,700,000 |
| 2013 | $59,846,265,182 | $13,515,500,000 |
| 2012 | $57,548,115,904 | $12,208,400,000 |
| 2011 | $62,889,007,657 | $11,186,100,000 |
| 2010 | $58,975,205,417 | $9,681,500,000 |
| 2009 | $62,315,996,675 | $8,085,700,000 |
| 2008 | $68,472,854,617 | $7,310,400,000 |
| 2007 | $59,290,621,398 | $5,815,700,000 |
| 2006 | $49,583,544,860 | $5,348,300,000 |
| 2005 | $45,013,119,282 | $5,125,700,000 |
| 2004 | $41,836,292,157 | $4,603,100,000 |
| 2003 | $35,245,317,002 | $3,968,000,000 |
| 2002 | $26,757,722,429 | $3,555,800,000 |
| 2001 | $23,066,883,850 | $4,003,700,000 |
| 2000 | $22,134,411,297 | $4,313,600,000 |
| 1999 | $23,777,026,779 | $4,271,200,000 |
| 1998 | $25,890,228,430 | $4,067,800,000 |
| 1997 | $24,175,764,812 | $3,759,800,000 |
| 1996 | $24,150,978,347 | $3,409,600,000 |
| 1995 | $22,772,394,547 | $3,282,800,000 |
| 1994 | $15,062,911,617 | $2,843,300,000 |
| 1993 | $11,259,647,874 | - |
| 1992 | $10,621,169,291 | - |
| 1991 | $18,760,386,775 | - |
| 1990 | $25,650,213,280 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/croatia/palestine | CC BY 
Croatia and Palestine economies compared
| Year | GDP per capita | |
|---|---|---|
|
Croatia
|
Palestine
|
|
| 2024 | $24,050 | $2,592 |
| 2023 | $22,184 | $3,455 |
| 2022 | $18,466 | $3,800 |
| 2021 | $17,789 | $3,679 |
| 2020 | $14,808 | $3,234 |
| 2019 | $15,564 | $3,657 |
| 2018 | $15,460 | $3,562 |
| 2017 | $13,902 | $3,620 |
| 2016 | $12,820 | $3,528 |
| 2015 | $12,284 | $3,272 |
| 2014 | $14,187 | $3,352 |
| 2013 | $14,135 | $3,315 |
| 2012 | $13,508 | $3,067 |
| 2011 | $14,692 | $2,881 |
| 2010 | $13,730 | $2,557 |
| 2009 | $14,475 | $2,192 |
| 2008 | $15,888 | $2,035 |
| 2007 | $13,756 | $1,664 |
| 2006 | $11,501 | $1,570 |
| 2005 | $10,444 | $1,544 |
| 2004 | $9,719 | $1,422 |
| 2003 | $8,190 | $1,258 |
| 2002 | $6,220 | $1,156 |
| 2001 | $5,365 | $1,336 |
| 2000 | $4,954 | $1,476 |
| 1999 | $5,269 | $1,499 |
| 1998 | $5,713 | $1,465 |
| 1997 | $5,331 | $1,389 |
| 1996 | $5,300 | $1,317 |
| 1995 | $4,929 | $1,327 |
| 1994 | $3,238 | $1,202 |
| 1993 | $2,448 | - |
| 1992 | $2,321 | - |
| 1991 | $4,001 | - |
| 1990 | $5,369 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/croatia/palestine | CC BY
Croatia vs. Palestine life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
Croatia
|
Palestine
|
|
| 2026 | 79.1 | 77.4 |
| 2025 | 78.9 | 73.1 |
| 2024 | 78.8 | 69.2 |
| 2023 | 78.6 | 65.2 |
| 2022 | 78.3 | 76.7 |
| 2021 | 77.1 | 73.9 |
| 2020 | 77.5 | 75 |
| 2019 | 78.2 | 75.8 |
| 2018 | 77.9 | 75.4 |
| 2017 | 77.7 | 75.2 |
| 2016 | 77.6 | 74.9 |
| 2015 | 77.6 | 74.6 |
| 2014 | 77.5 | 72.8 |
| 2013 | 77.5 | 74.1 |
| 2012 | 77.3 | 73.7 |
| 2011 | 77 | 73.6 |
| 2010 | 76.7 | 73.3 |
| 2009 | 76.3 | 72.3 |
| 2008 | 76 | 72.2 |
| 2007 | 75.9 | 72.1 |
| 2006 | 75.7 | 71.8 |
| 2005 | 75.6 | 72 |
| 2004 | 75.3 | 71.1 |
| 2003 | 74.7 | 71 |
| 2002 | 74.6 | 70.9 |
| 2001 | 74.4 | 69.8 |
| 2000 | 74 | 70.3 |
| 1999 | 73.6 | 70.8 |
| 1998 | 73.2 | 70.6 |
| 1997 | 73 | 70.3 |
| 1996 | 73 | 70 |
| 1995 | 72.6 | 69.6 |
| 1994 | 72.6 | 69.3 |
| 1993 | 72.3 | 68.8 |
| 1992 | 71.7 | 68.5 |
| 1991 | 70.6 | 68.2 |
| 1990 | 72.2 | 67.8 |
| 1989 | 72.5 | 67.1 |
| 1988 | 72.2 | 66.7 |
| 1987 | 71.9 | 66.3 |
| 1986 | 71.8 | 65.7 |
| 1985 | 71.5 | 65.3 |
| 1984 | 71 | 64.7 |
| 1983 | 70.7 | 64.1 |
| 1982 | 70.7 | 63.5 |
| 1981 | 70.9 | 62.8 |
| 1980 | 71 | 62.2 |
| 1979 | 71.1 | 61.5 |
| 1978 | 71.3 | 60.8 |
| 1977 | 71.4 | 60.1 |
| 1976 | 71.4 | 59.4 |
| 1975 | 71 | 58.7 |
| 1974 | 70.6 | 58 |
| 1973 | 70.1 | 57.6 |
| 1972 | 69.8 | 56.7 |
| 1971 | 69.4 | 56 |
| 1970 | 69.2 | 55.4 |
| 1969 | 69 | 54.7 |
| 1968 | 68.9 | 54.1 |
| 1967 | 69 | 50.9 |
| 1966 | 68.9 | 52.8 |
| 1965 | 68.5 | 52.2 |
| 1964 | 68 | 51.6 |
| 1963 | 67.6 | 51 |
| 1962 | 67.3 | 50.4 |
| 1961 | 66.5 | 49.8 |
| 1960 | 65.9 | 49.3 |
| 1959 | 65.5 | 48.8 |
| 1958 | 65 | 48.4 |
| 1957 | 64.4 | 48 |
| 1956 | 63.6 | 47.6 |
| 1955 | 63.1 | 47.2 |
| 1954 | 62.2 | 46.9 |
| 1953 | 61.5 | 46.6 |
| 1952 | 59.8 | 46.3 |
| 1951 | 59 | 46 |
| 1950 | 58.5 | 45.7 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).
GeoRank.org/facts/croatia/palestine | CC BY
Croatia and Palestine population clocks and comparison
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
Croatia
|
Palestine
|
|
| 2024 | 3,866,200 | 5,289,152 |
| 2023 | 3,859,686 | 5,165,775 |
| 2022 | 3,855,641 | 5,043,612 |
| 2021 | 3,878,981 | 4,922,749 |
| 2020 | 3,914,206 | 4,803,269 |
| 2019 | 3,949,390 | 4,685,306 |
| 2018 | 3,988,775 | 4,569,087 |
| 2017 | 4,041,407 | 4,454,805 |
| 2016 | 4,106,867 | 4,367,088 |
| 2015 | 4,151,725 | 4,270,092 |
| 2014 | 4,201,598 | 4,173,398 |
| 2013 | 4,233,922 | 4,076,708 |
| 2012 | 4,260,368 | 3,979,998 |
| 2011 | 4,280,622 | 3,882,986 |
| 2010 | 4,295,427 | 3,786,161 |
| 2009 | 4,305,181 | 3,689,099 |
| 2008 | 4,309,705 | 3,591,977 |
| 2007 | 4,310,217 | 3,494,496 |
| 2006 | 4,311,159 | 3,406,334 |
| 2005 | 4,310,145 | 3,320,396 |
| 2004 | 4,304,600 | 3,236,626 |
| 2003 | 4,303,399 | 3,154,969 |
| 2002 | 4,302,174 | 3,075,373 |
| 2001 | 4,299,642 | 2,997,784 |
| 2000 | 4,468,302 | 2,922,153 |
| 1999 | 4,512,597 | 2,848,431 |
| 1998 | 4,532,135 | 2,776,568 |
| 1997 | 4,534,920 | 2,706,518 |
| 1996 | 4,557,097 | 2,587,997 |
| 1995 | 4,620,030 | 2,474,666 |
| 1994 | 4,652,024 | 2,366,298 |
| 1993 | 4,600,463 | 2,262,676 |
| 1992 | 4,575,818 | 2,163,591 |
| 1991 | 4,689,022 | 2,068,845 |
| 1990 | 4,777,368 | 1,978,248 |
| 1989 | 4,767,260 | - |
| 1988 | 4,755,207 | - |
| 1987 | 4,739,745 | - |
| 1986 | 4,721,446 | - |
| 1985 | 4,701,417 | - |
| 1984 | 4,680,285 | - |
| 1983 | 4,658,254 | - |
| 1982 | 4,634,234 | - |
| 1981 | 4,611,509 | - |
| 1980 | 4,599,782 | - |
| 1979 | 4,594,778 | - |
| 1978 | 4,581,085 | - |
| 1977 | 4,559,571 | - |
| 1976 | 4,535,934 | - |
| 1975 | 4,512,082 | - |
| 1974 | 4,490,660 | - |
| 1973 | 4,470,161 | - |
| 1972 | 4,450,564 | - |
| 1971 | 4,431,275 | - |
| 1970 | 4,412,252 | - |
| 1969 | 4,391,490 | - |
| 1968 | 4,365,628 | - |
| 1967 | 4,338,683 | - |
| 1966 | 4,310,701 | - |
| 1965 | 4,280,923 | - |
| 1964 | 4,252,876 | - |
| 1963 | 4,225,675 | - |
| 1962 | 4,196,712 | - |
| 1961 | 4,167,292 | - |
| 1960 | 4,140,181 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/croatia/palestine | CC BY
Fertility rates in Croatia and Palestine
| Year | Fertility rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Croatia
|
Palestine
|
|
| 2023 | 1.46 | 3.31 |
| 2022 | 1.53 | 3.38 |
| 2021 | 1.62 | 3.44 |
| 2020 | 1.48 | 3.51 |
| 2019 | 1.47 | 3.59 |
| 2018 | 1.47 | 3.67 |
| 2017 | 1.42 | 3.77 |
| 2016 | 1.43 | 3.89 |
| 2015 | 1.41 | 3.98 |
| 2014 | 1.46 | 4 |
| 2013 | 1.46 | 4.05 |
| 2012 | 1.52 | 4.15 |
| 2011 | 1.41 | 4.31 |
| 2010 | 1.46 | 4.43 |
| 2009 | 1.5 | 4.44 |
| 2008 | 1.47 | 4.51 |
| 2007 | 1.48 | 4.63 |
| 2006 | 1.47 | 4.74 |
| 2005 | 1.5 | 4.87 |
| 2004 | 1.43 | 4.97 |
| 2003 | 1.41 | 5.06 |
| 2002 | 1.42 | 5.22 |
| 2001 | 1.46 | 5.34 |
| 2000 | 1.39 | 5.46 |
| 1999 | 1.38 | 5.58 |
| 1998 | 1.45 | 5.69 |
| 1997 | 1.69 | 5.82 |
| 1996 | 1.67 | 5.99 |
| 1995 | 1.58 | 6.16 |
| 1994 | 1.47 | 6.33 |
| 1993 | 1.52 | 6.5 |
| 1992 | 1.48 | 6.65 |
| 1991 | 1.53 | 6.75 |
| 1990 | 1.63 | 6.81 |
| 1989 | 1.63 | - |
| 1988 | 1.79 | - |
| 1987 | 1.64 | - |
| 1986 | 1.76 | - |
| 1985 | 1.82 | - |
| 1984 | 1.87 | - |
| 1983 | 1.88 | - |
| 1982 | 1.9 | - |
| 1981 | 1.93 | - |
| 1980 | 1.93 | - |
| 1979 | 1.95 | - |
| 1978 | 1.96 | - |
| 1977 | 1.95 | - |
| 1976 | 1.94 | - |
| 1975 | 1.95 | - |
| 1974 | 1.98 | - |
| 1973 | 2.01 | - |
| 1972 | 2.01 | - |
| 1971 | 1.97 | - |
| 1970 | 1.88 | - |
| 1969 | 1.95 | - |
| 1968 | 2.03 | - |
| 1967 | 2.1 | - |
| 1966 | 2.23 | - |
| 1965 | 2.22 | - |
| 1964 | 2.14 | - |
| 1963 | 2.15 | - |
| 1962 | 2.19 | - |
| 1961 | 2.22 | - |
| 1960 | 2.24 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/croatia/palestine | CC BY
Croatia and Palestine demographics compared
| Year | Median age, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
Croatia
|
Palestine
|
|
| 2024 | 46 | 20.9 |
| 2023 | 45.8 | 20.8 |
| 2022 | 45.6 | 20.6 |
| 2021 | 45.4 | 20.4 |
| 2020 | 45.2 | 20.3 |
| 2019 | 45 | 20.2 |
| 2018 | 44.6 | 20 |
| 2017 | 44.2 | 19.9 |
| 2016 | 43.7 | 19.8 |
| 2015 | 43.3 | 19.6 |
| 2014 | 43 | 19.4 |
| 2013 | 42.7 | 19.1 |
| 2012 | 42.5 | 18.9 |
| 2011 | 42.2 | 18.6 |
| 2010 | 41.9 | 18.4 |
| 2009 | 41.8 | 18.1 |
| 2008 | 41.6 | 17.9 |
| 2007 | 41.4 | 17.6 |
| 2006 | 41.2 | 17.4 |
| 2005 | 40.9 | 17.1 |
| 2004 | 40.7 | 16.9 |
| 2003 | 40.5 | 16.7 |
| 2002 | 40.2 | 16.5 |
| 2001 | 39.9 | 16.3 |
| 2000 | 39.6 | 16.2 |
| 1999 | 39.2 | 16 |
| 1998 | 38.9 | 15.9 |
| 1997 | 38.6 | 15.8 |
| 1996 | 38.2 | 15.7 |
| 1995 | 37.8 | 15.6 |
| 1994 | 37.3 | 15.5 |
| 1993 | 36.9 | 15.5 |
| 1992 | 36.4 | 15.4 |
| 1991 | 36 | 15.4 |
| 1990 | 35.6 | 15.4 |
| 1989 | 35.3 | - |
| 1988 | 35 | - |
| 1987 | 34.7 | - |
| 1986 | 34.4 | - |
| 1985 | 34.2 | - |
| 1984 | 34 | - |
| 1983 | 33.8 | - |
| 1982 | 33.6 | - |
| 1981 | 33.5 | - |
| 1980 | 33.4 | - |
| 1979 | 33.4 | - |
| 1978 | 33.3 | - |
| 1977 | 33.2 | - |
| 1976 | 33.1 | - |
| 1975 | 33 | - |
| 1974 | 32.8 | - |
| 1973 | 32.7 | - |
| 1972 | 32.5 | - |
| 1971 | 32.3 | - |
| 1970 | 32.1 | - |
| 1969 | 31.8 | - |
| 1968 | 31.5 | - |
| 1967 | 31.2 | - |
| 1966 | 30.9 | - |
| 1965 | 30.6 | - |
| 1964 | 30.3 | - |
| 1963 | 30 | - |
| 1962 | 29.7 | - |
| 1961 | 29.4 | - |
| 1960 | 29 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/croatia/palestine | CC BY
Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to switch between world maps comparing statistics for Croatia and Palestine.
National statistics comparison
Finance
|
Croatia
|
Palestine
|
|
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$86B
2024 |
$14.3B
2024 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
48%
2024 |
20%
2025 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
4.09%
2021 |
5.43%
2021 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
1.79%
2024 |
n/a |
| Armed forces personnel |
20,000
2020 |
0
2020 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
-1.95%
2024 |
n/a |
| Unemployment rate |
5.03%
2024 |
31.4%
2024 |
| Services, % of GDP |
60.8%
2024 |
58.5%
2023 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
19.2%
2024 |
15.6%
2023 |
| Economic freedom index |
67.5
2026 |
30
2025 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
23.3%
2023 |
27.1%
2023 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.9%
2023 |
2.5%
2023 |
| Number of billionaires |
1
2025 |
n/a |
| Percentage of billionaires |
0.00003%
2025 |
n/a |
| Listed domestic companies |
81
2024 |
48
2024 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$27.8B
2024 |
$4.08B
2024 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$3.34B
2024 |
$1.33B
2024 |
| Personal remittances received |
$6.7B
2024 |
$736M
2024 |
| International tourist arrivals |
21,608,000
2020 |
93,000
2020 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
23.4%
2020 |
9.43%
2018 |
| Banked people share |
92.6%
2024 |
39.6%
2024 |
Energy
|
Croatia
|
Palestine
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
2,237 kg
2023 |
n/a |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$21.3
2023 |
n/a |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
18.7 megatons
2024 |
n/a |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
4.83 tons
2024 |
n/a |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
68%
2022 |
n/a |
| Renewable energy use share |
34.1%
2021 |
15.4%
2022 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
11.5%
2023 |
n/a |
| Net energy imports use share |
57.3%
2023 |
n/a |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
4,484 kWh
2023 |
n/a |
| Renewable electricity output share |
69.9%
2021 |
24.5%
2021 |
| Hydroelectric share |
47%
2023 |
0%
2021 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
0%
2021 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
100%
2023 |
Society
|
Croatia
|
Palestine
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.05%
2024 |
0.07%
2024 |
| Annual migration change |
-3,481
2025 |
-23,156
2025 |
| Urban population |
57.5%
2024 |
87.1%
2024 |
| Male:Female ratio |
48.2:51.8
2024 |
49.6:50.4
2024 |
| Average male height |
5.93 ft
2025 |
5.74 ft
2025 |
| Average female height |
5.47 ft
2025 |
5.29 ft
2025 |
| Quality of life index |
74.9
2026 |
35.4
2026 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
47
2025 |
18
2025 |
| Higher education index |
82
2026 |
49
2026 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
0.77
2022 |
1.41
2022 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
7.9
2019 |
5.3
2016 |
| Visa free countries |
171
2025 |
47
2025 |
| Adult literacy rate |
99.4%
2021 |
97.9%
2024 |
| English speaking |
57.1%
2023 |
20%
2025 |
| People using the Internet |
83.6%
2024 |
86.6%
2023 |
Health
|
Croatia
|
Palestine
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$1,548
2023 |
$346
2023 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$145.2
2023 |
$145.4
2023 |
| Life expectancy |
79.1 years
2026 |
77.4 years
2026 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
0.09%
2023 |
8.65%
2023 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
3.91
2022 |
2.17
2018 |
| Age at first childbirth |
29.3 years
2023 |
n/a |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
3
2023 |
16
2023 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age |
4.6
2023 |
26.3
2023 |
| Obesity rate |
31.4%
2022 |
38.5%
2022 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
10.5%
2024 |
15.5%
2024 |
| Air quality index |
64
2026 |
45
2026 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
37%
2022 |
n/a |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
7.65 liters
2020 |
n/a |
Territory
In-depth comparisons
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
- World Obesity Federation (2022, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Passport Index (2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- EduRank (2026, retrieved 2025-10-13)
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2023, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- Transparency International (2025, retrieved 2026-02-10)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
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