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Economy of Colombia vs New Zealand compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Colombia has a GDP of $457B compared to $264B for New Zealand, ranking 37/197 and 53/197 by economy size, respectively.

Colombia has $274B in government debt (59.9% of GDP), compared to $145B (54.7% of GDP) in New Zealand.

Colombia vs New Zealand GDP by year

Colombia
New Zealand
1x
Year GDP, current $
Colombia New Zealand
2025 $457,410,034,203 $264,057,413,740
2024 $420,504,033,143 $261,497,198,364
2023 $366,901,643,683 $256,372,177,758
2022 $345,632,492,851 $249,723,029,451
2021 $318,524,633,225 $253,732,493,988
2020 $270,348,342,541 $213,318,129,989
2019 $323,031,701,193 $213,088,034,258
2018 $334,198,218,098 $211,726,161,989
2017 $311,866,875,157 $206,561,943,051
2016 $282,720,100,286 $188,980,351,891
2015 $293,492,370,193 $178,147,457,243
2014 $381,240,864,422 $201,435,445,068
2013 $382,093,697,078 $190,943,478,290
2012 $370,691,143,018 $176,508,049,114
2011 $334,966,134,805 $168,458,838,711
2010 $286,498,534,095 $146,887,902,524
2009 $232,468,663,110 $121,663,439,315
2008 $242,504,150,473 $133,437,126,590
2007 $206,229,540,926 $137,188,946,866
2006 $161,792,958,905 $111,538,810,713
2005 $145,600,529,606 $114,720,129,550
2004 $117,092,416,666 $103,905,210,084
2003 $94,644,969,157 $88,250,885,550
2002 $97,945,812,803 $66,627,729,311
2001 $98,200,641,203 $53,872,425,917
2000 $99,875,074,951 $52,623,281,957
1999 $86,186,158,685 $58,762,260,626
1998 $98,443,739,941 $56,227,169,851
1997 $106,659,508,271 $66,075,143,415
1996 $97,160,109,278 $70,140,835,299
1995 $92,507,279,383 $63,918,703,507
1994 $81,703,500,846 $55,314,732,279
1993 $66,446,804,803 $46,775,620,817
1992 $58,418,985,443 $41,649,829,860
1991 $49,175,565,911 $42,745,329,732
1990 $47,844,090,710 $45,495,129,385
1989 $39,540,080,200 $43,920,222,525
1988 $39,212,550,050 $45,176,811,594
1987 $36,373,307,085 $40,376,354,070
1986 $34,942,489,684 $30,604,668,357
1985 $34,894,411,352 $24,679,795,396
1984 $38,253,120,738 $21,665,975,319
1983 $38,729,822,782 $24,309,279,706
1982 $38,968,039,722 $24,164,603,059
1981 $36,388,366,869 $24,417,617,184
1980 $33,400,735,644 $23,244,547,385
1979 $27,940,411,250 $20,731,243,113
1978 $23,263,511,958 $18,530,518,395
1977 $19,470,960,619 $15,446,825,318
1976 $15,341,403,660 $13,604,832,424
1975 $13,098,633,902 $12,861,983,284
1974 $12,370,029,584 $13,940,981,798
1973 $10,315,760,000 $12,802,281,898
1972 $8,671,358,733 $9,567,331,065
1971 $7,820,380,971 $7,911,136,757
1970 $7,198,360,460 $6,495,605,331
1969 $6,450,175,214 $5,814,357,709
1968 $5,960,212,869 $5,228,045,415
1967 $5,825,170,438 $6,016,017,227
1966 $5,428,518,519 $5,917,437,693
1965 $5,760,761,905 $5,706,251,400
1964 $5,973,366,667 $7,340,766,415
1963 $4,836,166,667 $6,699,741,645
1962 $4,955,543,963 $6,133,158,532
1961 $4,540,447,761 $5,721,994,864
1960 $4,031,152,977 $5,536,098,360

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/colombia/new-zealand | CC BY

GDP per capita in Colombia vs New Zealand by year

Colombia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
New Zealand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Colombia New Zealand
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $8,562 - $49,591 -
2024 $7,951 $22,349 $49,432 $55,551
2023 $7,012 $21,246 $49,302 $54,697
2022 $6,680 $20,854 $49,142 $54,034
2021 $6,223 $17,383 $49,902 $48,249
2020 $5,340 $15,519 $42,055 $45,513
2019 $6,473 $16,182 $42,872 $45,278
2018 $6,817 $15,239 $43,204 $42,527
2017 $6,480 $14,401 $42,912 $42,244
2016 $5,960 $14,027 $40,088 $39,989
2015 $6,249 $13,332 $38,649 $37,513
2014 $8,187 $13,355 $44,600 $37,331
2013 $8,279 $12,780 $42,985 $36,263
2012 $8,109 $12,093 $40,042 $33,055
2011 $7,401 $11,707 $38,426 $32,739
2010 $6,398 $10,841 $33,762 $31,305
2009 $5,251 $10,367 $28,277 $30,746
2008 $5,542 $10,307 $31,325 $29,896
2007 $4,770 $9,909 $32,480 $29,331
2006 $3,790 $9,154 $26,655 $27,732
2005 $3,456 $8,432 $27,751 $25,677
2004 $2,819 $7,909 $25,420 $25,124
2003 $2,312 $7,420 $21,914 $23,996
2002 $2,429 $7,109 $16,874 $23,306
2001 $2,473 $6,935 $13,883 $22,511
2000 $2,555 $6,776 $13,641 $21,500
1999 $2,241 $6,544 $15,322 $20,579
1998 $2,605 $6,854 $14,738 $19,323
1997 $2,873 $6,861 $17,474 $19,100
1996 $2,665 $6,639 $18,794 $18,392
1995 $2,584 $6,506 $17,400 $17,864
1994 $2,326 $6,174 $15,280 $17,108
1993 $1,929 $5,826 $13,094 $15,900
1992 $1,730 $5,509 $11,793 $14,877
1991 $1,486 $5,281 $12,230 $14,501
1990 $1,475 $5,109 $13,663 $14,812
1989 $1,244 - $13,312 -
1988 $1,260 - $13,759 -
1987 $1,193 - $12,331 -
1986 $1,169 - $9,428 -
1985 $1,192 - $7,601 -
1984 $1,336 - $6,714 -
1983 $1,384 - $7,598 -
1982 $1,425 - $7,656 -
1981 $1,362 - $7,814 -
1980 $1,280 - $7,467 -
1979 $1,095 - $6,668 -
1978 $932 - $5,937 -
1977 $798 - $4,951 -
1976 $643 - $4,374 -
1975 $561 - $4,172 -
1974 $542 - $4,611 -
1973 $462 - $4,323 -
1972 $397 - $3,295 -
1971 $367 - $2,773 -
1970 $346 - $2,311 -
1969 $318 - $2,097 -
1968 $302 - $1,902 -
1967 $303 - $2,208 -
1966 $290.3 - $2,211 -
1965 $317 - $2,171 -
1964 $339 - $2,839 -
1963 $282.6 - $2,646 -
1962 $298.5 - $2,471 -
1961 $282.1 - $2,365 -
1960 $258.3 - $2,334 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/colombia/new-zealand | CC BY

Colombia's GDP per capita is $8,562, ranking 94/197, compared to $49,591 in New Zealand, ranking 26/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Colombia ranks 87th at $22,349, while New Zealand ranks 38th at $55,551.

Economic indicators

Colombia New Zealand
Gross domestic product
$457B
2025
$264B
2025
GDP rank
37/197
2025
53/197
2025
GDP growth
2.64%
2024-2025
0.46%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$8,562
2025
$49,591
2025
GDP per capita rank
94/197
2025
26/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,349
2024
$55,551
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
87/197
2024
38/197
2024
Government debt
$274B
2025
$145B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
59.9%
2025
54.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$5,126
2025
$27,139
2025
Government debt per person rank
85/185
2025
27/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,463
2026
$36,222
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$133B
2025
$103B
2025
Number of billionaires
4
2026
5
2026
Income share by richest 10%
42.7%
2024
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
1%
2024
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
33.2%
2025
41.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
5.14%
2024-2025
2.84%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
11.3%
2026
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
8.43%
2025
5.26%
2025
Population
54209462
5380024

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Colombia
Spending

Debt
New Zealand
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Colombia New Zealand
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 33.2% 59.9% 41.6% 54.7%
2024 34.4% 61% 41.7% 51.4%
2023 35.1% 55.4% 41% 47.3%
2022 34.1% 61.3% 41.7% 46.9%
2021 34.5% 64.4% 41.8% 47.5%
2020 33.7% 65.3% 41.9% 43.2%
2019 32.9% 51% 38.7% 31.8%
2018 34.7% 51.8% 36.1% 28.1%
2017 29.3% 49.4% 35.6% 31.1%
2016 30% 49.9% 36.4% 33.4%
2015 31.3% 50.4% 37.2% 34.2%
2014 31.3% 43.3% 37.6% 34.2%
2013 30% 37.6% 38.6% 34.6%
2012 29.1% 34% 39.7% 35.7%
2011 30.2% 35.8% 42.3% 34.7%
2010 30.4% 36.5% 42.9% 29.6%
2009 30.9% 35.4% 40.3% 24.3%
2008 28.4% 32.4% 38.4% 19%
2007 28.2% 32.7% 37% 16.3%
2006 28.4% 36% 37.8% 18.4%
2005 25.9% 38.5% 37.1% 20.8%
2004 26.6% 41.5% 36.1% 22.5%
2003 28% 45% 36.6% 24.7%
2002 28.1% 47.5% 36.7% 26.4%
2001 27.5% 41.1% 37.2% 28.2%
2000 26.6% 38% 38.2% 30%
1999 28.3% 34% 39.2% 32%
1998 26.3% 27.5% 40.1% 34.5%
1997 26.2% 25.3% 39.3% 34.6%
1996 25.1% 23.3% 39.8% 37.3%
1995 22.2% 13.8% 41.6% 43.5%
1994 20.6% 12.5% 42.7% 48.9%
1993 20% 14.2% 46.7% 54.6%
1992 18.4% 16.1% 52.4% 58.7%
1991 17.7% 14.5% 52.9% 58%
1990 17.4% 16.7% 49.5% 55.5%
1989 10.3% 17.3% 47.8% 54.9%
1988 10.3% 17.9% 46.1% 54.7%
1987 9.7% 18.9% 46.1% 62.9%
1986 9.8% 20.2% 46.9% 68.5%
1985 10.5% 19.3% 46.2% 64.1%
1984 10.3% 15.5% 40.7% 62.8%
1983 10.2% 10.8% 41.4% 59.6%
1982 10.6% 8.8% 39.9% 51.5%
1981 9.9% 8.5% 39.1% 50.5%
1980 9.6% 8% 38% 52.2%
1979 8.6% 7.7% 38.4% 52%
1978 8.1% 7.6% 36.6% 50%
1977 7.7% 9.2% 30% 44.6%
1976 8% 12.2% 31.6% 47.6%
1975 9.4% 14.6% 30.1% 41.4%
1974 8.8% 15.9% 27.3% 39.6%
1973 9.4% 16.3% 27.1% 44%
1972 10.3% 16.9% 26.4% 46%
1971 10.3% 16.2% 26.8% 71.3%
1970 10% 16.7% 24.8% 76.5%
1969 9.2% 17% 25.9% 85.8%
1968 8.9% 16.2% 26.2% 86.5%
1967 8.2% 15.8% 26% 59.7%
1966 8% 15.3% 25% 58.2%
1965 7% 15.2% 24.9% 59.6%
1964 8.1% 13.1% 19.4% 61.8%
1963 8.6% 13.9% 19.4% 64.5%
1962 7.8% 14.8% 21.6% 65%
1961 8.6% 8.7% 21.1% 64.6%
1960 6.7% 7.2% 25.3% 68.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1995, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/colombia/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, Colombia's government spending was $152B, accounting for 33.2% of its GDP, while New Zealand spent $110B, or 41.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 59.9% in Colombia and 54.7% in New Zealand, ranking 78/185 and 91/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Colombia

New Zealand
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Colombia New Zealand
2025 -5.75% -3.86%
2024 -6.04% -3.21%
2023 -2.92% -3.22%
2022 -6.36% -3.96%
2021 -7.28% -3.35%
2020 -7.12% -4.21%
2019 -3.48% -2.44%
2018 -4.67% 1.31%
2017 -2.5% 1.38%
2016 -2.27% 0.98%
2015 -3.52% 0.37%
2014 -1.74% -0.33%
2013 -1.02% -1.28%
2012 0.15% -2.18%
2011 -1.99% -4.94%
2010 -3.3% -5.49%
2009 -2.67% -1.8%
2008 0.04% 1.48%
2007 -0.82% 3.6%
2006 -0.99% 4.62%
2005 -0.02% 5.13%
2004 -1.31% 4.49%
2003 -2.7% 3.69%
2002 -3.45% 2.56%
2001 -2.71% 1.29%
2000 -2.94% 0.18%
1999 -5.37% -1.1%
1998 -3.86% -0.47%
1997 -3.23% 1.24%
1996 -2.49% 2.58%
1995 -1% 3.7%
1994 -0.14% 2%
1993 -0.24% -1.51%
1992 -0.07% -6.25%
1991 0.35% -6.12%
1990 -0.41% -2.72%
1989 -1.4% -2.16%
1988 -1.3% -1.88%
1987 -0.4% -3.43%
1986 -1.4% -5.33%
1985 -2.4% -6.97%
1984 -3.3% -8.68%
1983 -3.1% -6.64%
1982 -3.6% -6.26%
1981 -2.8% -6.02%
1980 -2.2% -4.9%
1979 -0.7% -6.55%
1978 0.3% -3.41%
1977 0.5% -1.09%
1976 0.6% -2.07%
1975 -0.5% 0.11%
1974 -1.2% 0.03%
1973 -1.1% -0.07%
1972 -1.7% 0.12%
1971 -1% 0.09%
1970 -0.7% -0.05%
1969 -0.5% 0.17%
1968 0% 0.03%
1967 -0.2% 0.02%
1966 0.1% 0.09%
1965 -0.6% 0.26%
1964 -1.1% -0.08%
1963 -1.7% -0.26%
1962 -1.6% 0.02%
1961 -1.5% 0.03%
1960 1.2% 0.05%
1959 2% 0.03%
1958 1.7% -0.02%
1957 1.4% 0.32%
1956 -0.2% 1.33%
1955 0.7% 0.73%
1954 1.3% 0.22%
1953 1.3% 0.43%
1952 1.6% 1.73%
1951 2.1% 1.17%
1950 0.9% 0.78%
1949 0.5% 0.53%
1948 -0.1% 0.36%
1947 0.2% 1.07%
1946 -0.5% 0.31%
1945 0.1% 0.32%
1944 -0.2% 0.59%
1943 -0.7% 1.24%
1942 -1.5% 0.56%
1941 0% 0.64%
1940 -1.5% 0.13%
1939 0.8% 0.34%
1938 0.5% 0.38%
1937 1.4% 0.23%
1936 1.1% 0.17%
1935 1.3% 1.19%
1934 0.2% -0.55%
1933 -0.4% 0.02%
1932 -0.8% -1.77%
1931 -0.2% -1.12%
1930 0.3% 0.09%
1929 0.4% -0.37%
1928 -0.4% 0.12%
1927 -0.6% 0.4%
1926 0% 0.72%
1925 1% 0.78%
1924 0.5% 1.2%
1923 0.3% 0.95%
1922 -0.7% -0.2%
1921 -1.6% 3.55%
1920 0.4% 1.51%
1919 -0.8% 2.9%
1918 -2.1% 4.35%
1917 -0.5% 3.89%
1916 0.2% 1.46%
1915 -0.2% 0.06%
1914 -0.5% 0.45%
1913 0.5% 0.79%
1912 -0.3% 0.89%
1911 -0.1% 1.24%
1910 -0.3% 0.36%
1909 -3.3% 0.31%
1908 -2.7% 1.26%
1907 -2.7% 1.13%
1906 0.2% 0.97%
1905 -0.9% 1.41%
1904 - 1.42%
1903 - 0.55%
1902 - 0.63%
1901 - 1.11%
1900 - 1.59%
1899 - 1.15%
1898 - 1.38%
1897 - 0.86%
1896 - 0.65%
1895 - 0.32%
1894 - 0.76%
1893 - 1.14%
1892 - 0.09%
1891 - 0.46%
1890 - 0.05%
1889 - 0.59%
1888 - -1.64%
1887 - -1.63%
1886 - -0.53%
1885 - -0.47%
1884 - -0.1%
1883 - 0.38%
1882 - 0.18%
1881 - -2.33%
1880 - -2.39%
1879 - -0.55%
1878 - -0.85%
1877 - -2.53%
1876 - -5.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/colombia/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, Colombia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $26.3B, equivalent to 5.75% of GDP. This compares to New Zealand's deficit of $10.2B, or 3.86% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Colombia recorded a fiscal deficit in 57 of those years, while New Zealand ran a deficit in 37 years. On average, Colombia posted an annual deficit equal to 1.93% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.25% of GDP for New Zealand.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Colombia

New Zealand
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Colombia New Zealand
2025 5.14% 2.84%
2024 6.61% 2.92%
2023 11.7% 5.73%
2022 10.2% 7.17%
2021 3.5% 3.94%
2020 2.53% 1.71%
2019 3.52% 1.62%
2018 3.24% 1.6%
2017 4.31% 1.85%
2016 7.51% 0.65%
2015 4.99% 0.29%
2014 2.9% 1.23%
2013 2.02% 1.13%
2012 3.17% 1.06%
2011 3.42% 4.03%
2010 2.27% 2.3%
2009 4.2% 2.12%
2008 7% 3.96%
2007 5.54% 2.38%
2006 4.29% 3.37%
2005 5.05% 3.04%
2004 5.9% 2.29%
2003 7.13% 1.75%
2002 6.35% 2.68%
2001 7.97% 2.63%
2000 9.23% 2.62%
1999 10.9% -0.11%
1998 18.7% 1.27%
1997 18.5% 1.19%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/colombia/new-zealand | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Colombia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.47%, compared with 2.39% in New Zealand. In 2025, inflation was 5.14% in Colombia and 2.84% in New Zealand.

Top exports between countries

Colombia
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $20.1M
Chemicals & pharma $3.48M
Animal & marine products $2.65M
Metals $594K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $548K
Miscellaneous $225K
Textiles & consumer goods $172K
Machinery & equipment $50K
Raw materials & minerals $49K
Precious metals & jewellery $34K
New Zealand
Export category Export value
Transport & tourism services $12.2M
Machinery & equipment $4.61M
Chemicals & pharma $2.47M
Wood & paper products $877K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $558K
Textiles & consumer goods $229K
Animal & marine products $129K
Metals $119K
Raw agricultural goods $70K
Raw materials & minerals $67K

Balance of trade

Colombia New Zealand
Current account balance
-$10.9B
2025
-$9.56B
2025
Current account balance ranking
176/190
2025
174/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.38%
2025
-3.62%
2025
Goods imports
$66.3B
2025
$48.2B
2025
Goods exports
$51.5B
2025
$47.2B
2025
Service imports
$19.6B
2025
$20.3B
2025
Service exports
$19.6B
2025
$19.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
20.4%
2025
26%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
15%
2025
24.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Colombia New Zealand
Economic freedom 59.8 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 101/197 13/197
Property rights 43.1 85.4
Government integrity 41.6 90
Judicial effectiveness 57.4 95.9
Tax burden 68.6 66.1
Government spending 64 48
Fiscal health 49.8 72.2
Business freedom 71.2 89.1
Labor freedom 59.1 68.6
Monetary freedom 71.9 77.4
Trade freedom 71.4 90.6
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 60 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Colombia
New Zealand
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Colombia New Zealand
2026 59.8 77.8
2025 59.8 78.1
2024 59.2 77.8
2023 63.1 78.9
2022 65.1 80.6
2021 68.1 83.9
2020 69.2 84.1
2019 67.3 84.4
2018 68.9 84.2
2017 69.7 83.7
2016 70.8 81.6
2015 71.7 82.1
2014 70.7 81.2
2013 69.6 81.4
2012 68 82.1
2011 68 82.3
2010 65.5 82.1
2009 62.3 82
2008 62.2 80.7
2007 59.9 81.4
2006 60.4 82
2005 59.6 82.3
2004 61.2 81.5
2003 64.2 81.1
2002 64.2 80.7
2001 65.6 81.1
2000 63.3 80.9
1999 65.3 81.7
1998 65.5 79.2
1997 66.4 79
1996 64.3 78.1
1995 64.5 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/colombia/new-zealand | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Colombia is 59.8, ranking 101/197, compared to 77.8 for New Zealand, ranking 13/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Colombia New Zealand
Services, % of GDP
58.5%
2025
68.2%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
21.8%
2025
19.4%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
9.95%
2025
4.01%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$422B
2025
$248B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$22,250
2025
$53,600
2025
Total reserves including gold
$65.8B
2025
$28.2B
2025
Total reserves ranking
41/177
2025
59/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$7.31B
2025
-$3.58B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$1.76B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.51B
2024
$882M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
8.17%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
31.8%
2024
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
16.7%
2025
23.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/colombia/new-zealand | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1995, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.