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Economy of Bolivia vs Colombia compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Bolivia has a GDP of $54.9B compared to $419B for Colombia, ranking 88/197 and 39/197 by economy size, respectively.

Bolivia has $53.8B in government debt (98% of GDP), compared to $256B (61.2% of GDP) in Colombia.

Bolivia vs Colombia GDP by year

Bolivia
Colombia
1x
Year GDP, current $
Bolivia Colombia
2024 $54,881,327,453 $418,818,154,879
2023 $52,340,206,946 $366,291,836,138
2022 $50,959,081,954 $345,632,492,851
2021 $47,877,892,402 $318,524,633,225
2020 $42,313,784,081 $270,348,342,541
2019 $49,056,643,589 $323,031,701,193
2018 $48,414,038,842 $334,198,218,098
2017 $45,927,439,595 $311,866,875,157
2016 $33,941,126,194 $282,720,100,286
2015 $33,000,198,249 $293,492,370,193
2014 $32,996,188,017 $381,240,864,422
2013 $30,659,338,886 $382,093,697,078
2012 $27,084,497,482 $370,691,143,018
2011 $23,963,164,697 $334,966,134,805
2010 $19,649,723,722 $286,498,534,095
2009 $17,339,992,194 $232,468,663,110
2008 $16,674,276,286 $242,504,150,473
2007 $13,120,108,008 $206,229,540,926
2006 $11,451,844,902 $161,792,958,905
2005 $9,549,122,905 $145,600,529,606
2004 $8,773,451,752 $117,092,416,666
2003 $8,082,399,640 $94,644,969,157
2002 $7,905,485,146 $97,945,812,803
2001 $8,141,516,928 $98,200,641,203
2000 $8,397,855,485 $99,875,074,951
1999 $8,285,064,435 $86,186,158,685
1998 $8,497,494,652 $98,443,739,941
1997 $7,925,736,821 $106,659,508,271
1996 $7,396,949,126 $97,160,109,278
1995 $6,715,161,732 $92,507,279,383
1994 $5,981,222,859 $81,703,500,846
1993 $5,734,699,489 $66,446,804,803
1992 $5,643,868,749 $58,418,985,443
1991 $5,343,262,457 $49,175,565,911
1990 $4,867,582,598 $47,844,090,710
1989 $4,715,973,437 $39,540,080,200
1988 $4,597,612,362 $39,212,550,050
1987 $4,347,956,338 $36,373,307,085
1986 $3,959,382,833 $34,942,489,684
1985 $5,377,276,555 $34,894,411,352
1984 $6,169,483,225 $38,253,120,738
1983 $5,422,656,823 $38,729,822,782
1982 $5,594,126,369 $38,968,039,722
1981 $5,891,598,695 $36,388,366,869
1980 $4,537,479,608 $33,400,735,644
1979 $4,421,336,383 $27,940,411,250
1978 $3,758,220,890 $23,263,511,958
1977 $3,227,436,282 $19,470,960,619
1976 $2,731,984,008 $15,341,403,660
1975 $2,404,697,651 $13,098,633,902
1974 $2,100,249,875 $12,370,029,584
1973 $1,262,968,516 $10,315,760,000
1972 $1,257,615,645 $8,671,358,733
1971 $1,095,622,896 $7,820,380,971
1970 $1,017,003,367 $7,198,360,460
1969 $929,629,630 $6,450,175,214
1968 $857,912,458 $5,960,212,869
1967 $755,808,081 $5,825,170,438
1966 $669,191,919 $5,428,518,519
1965 $604,377,104 $5,760,761,905
1964 $544,023,569 $5,973,366,667
1963 $482,828,283 $4,836,166,667
1962 $448,400,673 $4,955,543,963
1961 $410,101,010 $4,540,447,761
1960 $377,020,202 $4,031,152,977

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/colombia | CC BY

GDP per capita in Bolivia vs Colombia by year

Bolivia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Colombia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Bolivia Colombia
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $4,421 $12,878 $7,919 $22,349
2023 $4,275 $12,892 $7,001 $21,246
2022 $4,219 $12,307 $6,680 $20,854
2021 $4,011 $11,202 $6,223 $17,383
2020 $3,581 $9,581 $5,340 $15,519
2019 $4,203 $11,005 $6,473 $16,182
2018 $4,207 $10,758 $6,817 $15,239
2017 $4,048 $10,420 $6,480 $14,401
2016 $3,036 $9,242 $5,960 $14,027
2015 $2,996 $8,757 $6,249 $13,332
2014 $3,041 $8,629 $8,187 $13,355
2013 $2,870 $8,069 $8,279 $12,780
2012 $2,576 $7,184 $8,109 $12,093
2011 $2,316 $6,598 $7,401 $11,707
2010 $1,930 $6,245 $6,398 $10,841
2009 $1,731 $6,024 $5,251 $10,367
2008 $1,693 $5,890 $5,542 $10,307
2007 $1,355 $5,537 $4,770 $9,909
2006 $1,203 $5,244 $3,790 $9,154
2005 $1,020 $4,938 $3,456 $8,432
2004 $953 $4,663 $2,819 $7,909
2003 $893 $4,433 $2,312 $7,420
2002 $888 $4,304 $2,429 $7,109
2001 $930 $4,205 $2,473 $6,935
2000 $976 $4,113 $2,555 $6,776
1999 $979 $3,991 $2,241 $6,544
1998 $1,022 $3,988 $2,605 $6,854
1997 $970 $3,822 $2,873 $6,861
1996 $922 $3,645 $2,665 $6,639
1995 $853 $3,494 $2,584 $6,506
1994 $774 $3,331 $2,326 $6,174
1993 $757 $3,177 $1,929 $5,826
1992 $760 $3,036 $1,730 $5,509
1991 $734 $2,981 $1,486 $5,281
1990 $683 $2,797 $1,475 $5,109
1989 $675 - $1,244 -
1988 $673 - $1,260 -
1987 $650 - $1,193 -
1986 $604 - $1,169 -
1985 $838 - $1,192 -
1984 $982 - $1,336 -
1983 $882 - $1,384 -
1982 $930 - $1,425 -
1981 $1,001 - $1,362 -
1980 $788 - $1,280 -
1979 $785 - $1,095 -
1978 $683 - $932 -
1977 $600 - $798 -
1976 $520 - $643 -
1975 $468 - $561 -
1974 $418 - $542 -
1973 $257.2 - $462 -
1972 $261.9 - $397 -
1971 $233.4 - $367 -
1970 $221.6 - $346 -
1969 $207.1 - $318 -
1968 $195.5 - $302 -
1967 $176.1 - $303 -
1966 $159.3 - $290.3 -
1965 $147.1 - $317 -
1964 $135.2 - $339 -
1963 $122.6 - $282.6 -
1962 $116.2 - $298.5 -
1961 $108.5 - $282.1 -
1960 $101.8 - $258.3 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/colombia | CC BY

Bolivia's GDP per capita is $4,421, ranking 125/197, compared to $7,919 in Colombia, ranking 94/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Bolivia ranks 122nd at $12,878, while Colombia ranks 87th at $22,349.

Economic indicators

Bolivia Colombia
Gross domestic product
$54.9B
2024
$419B
2024
GDP rank
88/197
2024
39/197
2024
GDP growth
-1.12%
2023-2024
1.6%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$4,421
2024
$7,919
2024
GDP per capita rank
125/197
2024
94/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$12,878
2024
$22,349
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
122/197
2024
87/197
2024
Government debt
$53.8B
2024
$256B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
98%
2024
61.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$4,331
2024
$4,849
2024
Government debt per person rank
88/185
2024
82/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,720
2026
$5,722
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$72.6B
2024
Number of billionaires n/a
4
2025
Income share by richest 10%
31.3%
2023
42.7%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.8%
2023
1.1%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
39.8%
2024
34.6%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
5.1%
2023-2024
6.61%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
3.26%
2025
9.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
2.73%
2024
9.62%
2024
Population
12798112
54105437

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Bolivia
Spending

Debt
Colombia
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Bolivia Colombia
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 39.8% 98% 34.6% 61.2%
2023 38.7% 90.8% 35.1% 55.5%
2022 36% 80.1% 34.1% 61.3%
2021 34.8% 81.4% 34.5% 64.4%
2020 36.8% 78% 33.7% 65.3%
2019 36.1% 58.6% 32.9% 51%
2018 37.7% 53.1% 34.7% 51.8%
2017 38.6% 51.3% 29.3% 49.4%
2016 40% 46.5% 30% 49.9%
2015 44.5% 40.9% 31.3% 50.4%
2014 41.2% 37.6% 31.3% 43.3%
2013 35.4% 36.1% 30% 37.6%
2012 36% 35.4% 29.1% 34%
2011 35.4% 35.3% 30.2% 35.8%
2010 31.5% 37.6% 30.4% 36.5%
2009 33.2% 39.2% 30.9% 35.4%
2008 35.3% 36.8% 28.4% 32.4%
2007 32.7% 40% 28.2% 32.7%
2006 29.8% 54.4% 28.4% 36%
2005 33.2% 82.2% 25.9% 38.5%
2004 32.3% 89.8% 26.6% 41.5%
2003 32% 95.6% 28% 45%
2002 33.3% 86.7% 28.1% 47.5%
2001 32% 83% 27.5% 41.1%
2000 29.3% 74.3% 26.6% 38%
1999 29.4% 61.7% 28.2% 34%
1998 30% 61.2% 26.3% 27.4%
1997 28.3% 64.6% 26.2% 25.3%
1996 26% 72.4% 25.1% 23.3%
1995 25.8% 81.7% 22.2% 13.8%
1994 26.8% 87.6% 20.6% 12.5%
1993 27.2% 83.8% 20% 14.2%
1992 25.3% 92.4% 18.4% 16.1%
1991 24.2% 92.8% 17.7% 14.5%
1990 22.8% 102.9% 17.4% 16.7%
1989 24.4% 98% 10.3% 17.3%
1988 24% 115.9% 10.3% 17.9%
1987 24.4% 145.3% 9.7% 18.9%
1986 22.2% 149% 9.8% 20.2%
1985 21.8% 205.2% 10.5% 19.3%
1984 29% 166.5% 10.3% 15.5%
1983 32.1% 157.3% 10.2% 10.8%
1982 25% 155.4% 10.6% 8.8%
1981 16.6% 121.7% 9.9% 8.5%
1980 19.8% 100% 9.6% 8%
1979 18% 92% 8.6% 7.7%
1978 17.3% 82.5% 8.1% 7.6%
1977 18.6% 82.4% 7.7% 9.2%
1976 16.8% 68.9% 8% 12.2%
1975 14.4% 56.2% 9.4% 14.6%
1974 14.2% 52.7% 8.8% 15.9%
1973 14.1% 80.9% 9.4% 16.3%
1972 11.8% 77.7% 10.3% 16.9%
1971 11.3% 65.7% 10.3% 16.2%
1970 10% 63.9% 10% 16.7%
1969 12.3% - 9.2% 17%
1968 14.1% - 8.9% 16.2%
1967 13.1% - 8.2% 15.8%
1966 12.9% - 8% 15.3%
1965 12.9% - 7% 15.2%
1964 10.8% - 8.1% 13.1%
1963 10.8% - 8.6% 13.9%
1962 10.2% - 7.8% 14.8%
1961 10.7% - 8.6% 8.7%
1960 10.1% - 6.7% 7.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/colombia | CC BY

In 2024, Bolivia's government spending was $21.9B, accounting for 39.8% of its GDP, while Colombia spent $145B, or 34.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 98% in Bolivia and 61.2% in Colombia, ranking 26/185 and 75/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Bolivia

Colombia
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Bolivia Colombia
2024 -10.6% -6.25%
2023 -10.9% -2.92%
2022 -7.12% -6.34%
2021 -9.33% -7.26%
2020 -12.7% -7.12%
2019 -7.25% -3.48%
2018 -8.17% -4.67%
2017 -7.86% -2.5%
2016 -7.24% -2.27%
2015 -6.93% -3.52%
2014 -3.41% -1.74%
2013 0.6% -1.02%
2012 1.72% 0.15%
2011 0.83% -1.99%
2010 1.62% -3.3%
2009 2.63% -2.67%
2008 3.53% 0.04%
2007 -1.54% -0.82%
2006 4.47% -0.99%
2005 -2.24% -0.02%
2004 -5.54% -1.31%
2003 -7.88% -2.7%
2002 -8.79% -3.45%
2001 -6.82% -2.71%
2000 -3.73% -2.94%
1999 -3.84% -5.37%
1998 -5.1% -3.86%
1997 -3.28% -3.23%
1996 -1.9% -2.49%
1995 -1.82% -1%
1994 -3% -0.14%
1993 -6.1% -0.24%
1992 -4.4% -0.07%
1991 -4.2% 0.35%
1990 -4.4% -0.41%
1989 -5.5% -1.4%
1988 -6.5% -1.3%
1987 -7.7% -0.4%
1986 -2.7% -1.4%
1985 -9.8% -2.4%
1984 -25.4% -3.3%
1983 -19.8% -3.1%
1982 -15.9% -3.6%
1981 -12.3% -2.8%
1980 -15.3% -2.2%
1979 -11.2% -0.7%
1978 -9.97% 0.3%
1977 -11.2% 0.5%
1976 -1.15% 0.6%
1975 -2.33% -0.5%
1974 -1.87% -1.2%
1973 -3.72% -1.1%
1972 -3.69% -1.7%
1971 -3.67% -1%
1970 -1.92% -0.7%
1969 -4.16% -0.5%
1968 -5.67% 0%
1967 -4.29% -0.2%
1966 -3.55% 0.1%
1965 -4.12% -0.6%
1964 -2.68% -1.1%
1963 -3.02% -1.7%
1962 -2.8% -1.6%
1961 -2.81% -1.5%
1960 -3.35% 1.2%
1959 -4.32% 2%
1958 -2.95% 1.7%
1957 -1.11% 1.4%
1956 -0.11% -0.2%
1955 0.33% 0.7%
1954 0.006% 1.3%
1953 -0.48% 1.3%
1952 -0.94% 1.6%
1951 -0.42% 2.1%
1950 -1.17% 0.9%
1949 - 0.5%
1948 - -0.1%
1947 - 0.2%
1946 - -0.5%
1945 - 0.1%
1944 - -0.2%
1943 - -0.7%
1942 - -1.5%
1941 - 0%
1940 - -1.5%
1939 - 0.8%
1938 - 0.5%
1937 - 1.4%
1936 - 1.1%
1935 - 1.3%
1934 - 0.2%
1933 - -0.4%
1932 - -0.8%
1931 - -0.2%
1930 - 0.3%
1929 - 0.4%
1928 - -0.4%
1927 - -0.6%
1926 - 0%
1925 - 1%
1924 - 0.5%
1923 - 0.3%
1922 - -0.7%
1921 - -1.6%
1920 - 0.4%
1919 - -0.8%
1918 - -2.1%
1917 - -0.5%
1916 - 0.2%
1915 - -0.2%
1914 - -0.5%
1913 - 0.5%
1912 - -0.3%
1911 - -0.1%
1910 - -0.3%
1909 - -3.3%
1908 - -2.7%
1907 - -2.7%
1906 - 0.2%
1905 - -0.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1905–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/colombia | CC BY

In 2024, Bolivia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $5.83B, equivalent to 10.6% of GDP. This compares to Colombia's deficit of $26.2B, or 6.25% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Bolivia recorded a fiscal deficit in 58 of those years, while Colombia ran a deficit in 56 years. On average, Bolivia posted an annual deficit equal to 5.52% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.87% of GDP for Colombia.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Bolivia

Colombia
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Bolivia Colombia
2024 5.1% 6.61%
2023 2.58% 11.7%
2022 1.75% 10.2%
2021 0.74% 3.5%
2020 0.94% 2.53%
2019 1.84% 3.52%
2018 2.27% 3.24%
2017 2.82% 4.31%
2016 3.62% 7.51%
2015 4.06% 4.99%
2014 5.77% 2.9%
2013 5.74% 2.02%
2012 4.52% 3.17%
2011 9.88% 3.42%
2010 2.5% 2.27%
2009 3.35% 4.2%
2008 14% 7%
2007 8.71% 5.54%
2006 4.28% 4.29%
2005 5.39% 5.05%
2004 4.44% 5.9%
2003 3.34% 7.13%
2002 0.93% 6.35%
2001 1.59% 7.97%
2000 4.61% 9.23%
1999 2.16% 10.9%
1998 7.67% 18.7%
1997 4.71% 18.5%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/colombia | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Bolivia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.26%, compared with 6.52% in Colombia. In 2024, inflation was 5.1% in Bolivia and 6.61% in Colombia.

Top exports between countries

Bolivia
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $471M
Animal & marine products $22.4M
Raw agricultural goods $11.7M
Machinery & equipment $8.33M
Raw materials & minerals $6.44M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.9M
Metals $1.05M
Chemicals & pharma $304K
Wood & paper products $243K
Miscellaneous $9K
Colombia
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $48.9M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $13.8M
Machinery & equipment $11.8M
Raw materials & minerals $10.9M
Miscellaneous $6.54M
Textiles & consumer goods $6.14M
Metals $3.61M
Wood & paper products $2.61M
Precious metals & jewellery $2.46M
Raw agricultural goods $390K

Balance of trade

Bolivia Colombia
Current account balance
-$1.41B
2024
-$6.88B
2024
Current account balance ranking
132/190
2024
172/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.56%
2024
-1.64%
2024
Goods imports
$9.15B
2024
$60.2B
2024
Goods exports
$8.93B
2024
$51.1B
2024
Service imports
$2.35B
2024
$18.5B
2024
Service exports
$1.14B
2024
$18.1B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
25.5%
2024
20.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
21.4%
2024
16.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Bolivia Colombia
Economic freedom 42.4 59.8
Economic freedom ranking 184/197 101/197
Property rights 20.2 43.1
Government integrity 27.1 41.6
Judicial effectiveness 29.5 57.4
Tax burden 86.4 68.6
Government spending 56.3 64
Fiscal health 0.8 49.8
Business freedom 53.6 71.2
Labor freedom 52.2 59.1
Monetary freedom 67.1 71.9
Trade freedom 60.6 71.4
Investment freedom 15 60
Financial freedom 40 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Bolivia
Colombia
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Bolivia Colombia
2026 42.4 59.8
2025 44.1 59.8
2024 43.5 59.2
2023 43.4 63.1
2022 43 65.1
2021 42.7 68.1
2020 42.8 69.2
2019 42.3 67.3
2018 44.1 68.9
2017 47.7 69.7
2016 47.4 70.8
2015 46.8 71.7
2014 48.4 70.7
2013 47.9 69.6
2012 50.2 68
2011 50 68
2010 49.4 65.5
2009 53.6 62.3
2008 53.1 62.2
2007 54.2 59.9
2006 57.8 60.4
2005 58.4 59.6
2004 64.5 61.2
2003 64.3 64.2
2002 65.1 64.2
2001 68 65.6
2000 65 63.3
1999 65.6 65.3
1998 68.8 65.5
1997 65.1 66.4
1996 65.2 64.3
1995 56.8 64.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/colombia | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Bolivia is 42.4, ranking 184/197, compared to 59.8 for Colombia, ranking 101/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Bolivia Colombia
Services, % of GDP
53.4%
2024
58.1%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
31.3%
2024
23.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
8.83%
2024
9.28%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$51.7B
2024
$372B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$12,620
2024
$21,890
2024
Total reserves including gold
$1.98B
2024
$61.9B
2024
Total reserves ranking
127/177
2024
38/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$113M
2024
-$9.17B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$387M
2024
$13.7B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$133M
2024
$4.51B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.41%
2024
8.25%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
36.5%
2023
31.8%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
16.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/colombia | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1905–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.