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Economy of Mozambique vs Nepal compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Mozambique has a GDP of $22.4B compared to $42.9B for Nepal, ranking 123/197 and 101/197 by economy size, respectively.

Mozambique has $21.7B in government debt (101.1% of GDP), compared to $20.5B (49.4% of GDP) in Nepal.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Mozambique
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Nepal
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Mozambique Nepal
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 - - $508,334,414 $3,312,007,762
1961 - - $531,959,562 $3,375,209,679
1962 - - $574,091,101 $3,439,686,985
1963 - - $496,947,904 $3,504,872,894
1964 - - $496,098,775 $3,768,875,642
1965 - - $735,267,082 $3,723,528,944
1966 - - $906,811,944 $3,985,689,329
1967 - - $841,974,025 $3,923,054,321
1968 - - $772,231,387 $3,949,553,904
1969 - - $788,641,965 $4,125,839,146
1970 - - $865,975,309 $4,232,120,438
1971 - - $882,765,472 $4,181,530,377
1972 - - $1,024,098,400 $4,311,902,146
1973 - - $972,101,725 $4,291,354,369
1974 - - $1,217,953,547 $4,563,151,176
1975 - - $1,575,789,254 $4,629,612,136
1976 - - $1,452,788,985 $4,833,247,301
1977 - - $1,382,400,000 $4,979,065,088
1978 - - $1,604,162,497 $5,198,429,820
1979 - - $1,851,250,008 $5,321,574,269
1980 - $2,851,825,334 $1,945,916,583 $5,198,145,984
1981 - $2,994,416,685 $2,275,583,317 $5,631,773,978
1982 - $2,787,801,951 $2,395,423,742 $5,844,619,816
1983 - $2,350,116,988 $2,447,174,803 $5,670,601,763
1984 - $2,197,359,386 $2,581,207,388 $6,219,580,093
1985 - $2,219,332,908 $2,619,913,956 $6,601,767,395
1986 - $2,168,288,339 $2,850,782,044 $6,903,181,024
1987 - $2,487,026,735 $2,957,255,380 $7,020,232,623
1988 - $2,690,962,807 $3,487,009,748 $7,560,566,499
1989 - $2,865,875,512 $3,525,225,787 $7,887,912,410
1990 - $2,894,534,062 $3,627,560,239 $8,253,520,017
1991 $3,854,856,435 $3,037,102,926 $3,921,476,085 $8,779,116,585
1992 $2,798,696,511 $2,806,992,351 $3,401,211,581 $9,139,622,809
1993 $2,883,161,897 $3,114,089,525 $3,660,041,667 $9,491,484,581
1994 $2,958,108,170 $3,314,642,611 $4,066,775,510 $10,271,305,209
1995 $3,061,646,174 $3,385,008,954 $4,401,104,418 $10,627,560,489
1996 $4,030,146,135 $3,747,066,498 $4,521,580,381 $11,193,827,113
1997 $4,873,663,775 $4,189,780,379 $4,918,691,917 $11,758,960,073
1998 $5,551,118,149 $4,624,228,448 $4,856,255,044 $12,113,656,107
1999 $6,285,219,691 $5,170,672,900 $5,033,642,384 $12,648,180,060
2000 $5,930,685,215 $5,210,292,404 $5,494,252,208 $13,432,367,221
2001 $5,650,154,067 $5,879,902,616 $6,007,055,042 $14,077,106,360
2002 $5,950,769,427 $6,448,401,314 $6,050,875,807 $14,094,019,043
2003 $6,583,526,861 $6,913,827,632 $6,330,473,097 $14,650,033,416
2004 $7,937,255,565 $7,481,086,790 $7,273,938,315 $15,336,036,357
2005 $8,868,504,900 $7,953,294,767 $8,130,258,378 $15,869,604,827
2006 $9,509,835,537 $8,741,520,167 $9,043,715,356 $16,403,555,897
2007 $10,811,456,006 $9,410,189,984 $10,325,618,017 $16,963,173,095
2008 $12,920,340,965 $10,057,425,621 $12,545,438,605 $17,998,713,599
2009 $12,263,894,790 $10,653,727,557 $12,854,985,464 $18,814,609,456
2010 $11,411,894,724 $11,365,367,724 $16,002,656,434 $19,720,799,062
2011 $14,619,279,989 $12,176,179,698 $21,573,872,421 $20,395,607,080
2012 $16,688,114,144 $13,149,604,768 $21,703,100,877 $21,348,110,877
2013 $17,198,073,057 $14,013,719,723 $22,162,204,925 $22,100,664,485
2014 $17,978,246,586 $15,093,136,077 $22,731,612,922 $23,429,242,138
2015 $16,208,985,770 $16,208,985,770 $24,360,801,287 $24,360,801,287
2016 $12,069,051,237 $16,970,320,250 $24,524,109,484 $24,466,311,259
2017 $13,264,640,646 $17,418,032,490 $28,971,588,940 $26,662,720,369
2018 $15,017,358,953 $18,025,039,082 $33,111,525,237 $28,695,053,195
2019 $15,512,759,047 $18,442,825,952 $34,186,180,699 $30,605,298,793
2020 $14,235,420,174 $18,217,911,540 $33,433,659,301 $29,880,069,319
2021 $16,168,055,475 $18,651,030,678 $36,924,841,394 $31,325,711,777
2022 $18,883,528,581 $19,465,045,725 $41,182,939,601 $33,089,761,145
2023 $20,954,220,984 $20,523,332,839 $41,047,772,331 $33,745,781,687
2024 $22,416,650,343 $20,903,378,791 $42,914,268,287 $34,982,690,898

Economic indicators

Mozambique Nepal
Gross domestic product
$22.4B
2024
$42.9B
2024
GDP rank
123/197
2024
101/197
2024
GDP growth
6.98%
2023-2024
4.55%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$647
2024
$1,447
2024
GDP per capita rank
190/197
2024
164/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$1,700
2024
$5,737
2024
Government debt
$21.7B
2024
$20.5B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
101.1%
2025
49.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$625
2024
$693
2024
Government debt per person rank
158/185
2024
155/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,107
2025
$2,569
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
2
2025
Income share by richest 10%
40.8%
2022
24.2%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
1.7%
2022
3.7%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
32.2%
2025
23.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
4.9%
2024-2025
7.11%
2022-2023
Central bank interest rate
10.3%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.79%
2022
10.7%
2017
Population
36441519
29627185

GDP per capita in Mozambique vs Nepal

Mozambique's GDP per capita is $647, ranking 190/197, compared to $1,447 in Nepal, ranking 164/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Mozambique ranks 193rd at $1,700, while Nepal ranks 154th at $5,737.

Mozambique
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Nepal
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Mozambique Nepal
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 - - $50.2 -
1961 - - $51.6 -
1962 - - $54.6 -
1963 - - $46.3 -
1964 - - $45.3 -
1965 - - $65.8 -
1966 - - $79.5 -
1967 - - $72.3 -
1968 - - $64.9 -
1969 - - $64.8 -
1970 - - $69.6 -
1971 - - $69.5 -
1972 - - $78.8 -
1973 - - $73.2 -
1974 - - $89.8 -
1975 - - $113.6 -
1976 - - $102.5 -
1977 - - $95.3 -
1978 - - $108.1 -
1979 - - $121.9 -
1980 - - $125.1 -
1981 - - $142.9 -
1982 - - $147 -
1983 - - $146.6 -
1984 - - $151.1 -
1985 - - $149.9 -
1986 - - $159.5 -
1987 - - $162 -
1988 - - $187.1 -
1989 - - $185 -
1990 - $296 $185.8 $830
1991 $288.7 $315 $195.7 $889
1992 $205.6 $292 $165 $920
1993 $205.2 $321 $172.8 $952
1994 $196.8 $326 $187.3 $1,026
1995 $191.8 $321 $197.8 $1,058
1996 $244.4 $350 $198.8 $1,110
1997 $287.5 $387 $211.8 $1,162
1998 $320 $422 $205.1 $1,187
1999 $354 $468 $208.6 $1,234
2000 $327 $472 $223.8 $1,317
2001 $305 $533 $240.8 $1,388
2002 $314 $580 $238.9 $1,390
2003 $339 $620 $246.4 $1,453
2004 $400 $673 $279.6 $1,542
2005 $437 $721 $309 $1,628
2006 $457 $798 $340 $1,718
2007 $508 $862 $385 $1,809
2008 $592 $916 $465 $1,942
2009 $548 $951 $473 $2,029
2010 $496 $1,000 $585 $2,139
2011 $618 $1,064 $786 $2,248
2012 $686 $1,076 $788 $2,466
2013 $687 $1,114 $803 $2,658
2014 $697 $1,166 $821 $2,901
2015 $611 $1,318 $876 $2,957
2016 $441 $1,379 $877 $2,976
2017 $471 $1,283 $1,034 $3,605
2018 $518 $1,326 $1,179 $3,956
2019 $519 $1,389 $1,203 $4,261
2020 $462 $1,412 $1,154 $4,236
2021 $510 $1,457 $1,253 $4,546
2022 $578 $1,582 $1,386 $5,103
2023 $623 $1,678 $1,382 $5,395
2024 $647 $1,700 $1,447 $5,737

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Mozambique's government spending was $7.59B, accounting for 32.2% of its GDP, while Nepal's spent $9.39B, or 23.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 101.1% in Mozambique and 49.4% in Nepal, ranking 21/185 and 111/185, respectively.

Mozambique
Government spending

Government debt
Nepal
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Mozambique Nepal
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1980 14.2% - - -
1981 23.8% - - -
1982 27% - - -
1983 35.3% - - -
1984 30.9% - - -
1985 21% - - -
1986 24.2% - - -
1987 22.9% - - -
1988 27% - - -
1989 27% - - -
1990 21% - - -
1991 17.3% - - -
1992 21.1% - - -
1993 20.7% - - -
1994 22.9% - - -
1995 18.8% - - -
1996 14.9% - - -
1997 16.5% - - -
1998 14.9% - - -
1999 15.6% 94.7% - -
2000 17.2% 95.8% 11.4% 50.8%
2001 20.8% 99.8% 12.9% 50.8%
2002 18.6% 63.4% 13% 51.8%
2003 18.6% 63.2% 12% 53%
2004 17.8% 50.8% 11.8% 51.3%
2005 17% 60.1% 12% 45.1%
2006 20.1% 40% 11.2% 42.9%
2007 20.9% 31.2% 13.1% 37.9%
2008 21.3% 32.8% 13.4% 36.8%
2009 25.7% 39.3% 17% 39.5%
2010 26.6% 38.6% 16.5% 35.4%
2011 28.9% 34.2% 16.3% 32.4%
2012 28.1% 36.7% 16.8% 34.5%
2013 31.7% 49.5% 15.5% 31.9%
2014 39.7% 63.4% 16.6% 27.6%
2015 32.2% 86% 17.7% 25.7%
2016 28.7% 124.8% 19% 25%
2017 28.6% 103.8% 23.6% 25%
2018 31.2% 105.5% 28% 31.1%
2019 28% 98.3% 27.3% 34%
2020 33.9% 120% 27.6% 43.3%
2021 32.1% 104.3% 27.2% 43.3%
2022 32.9% 100.3% 26.1% 42.7%
2023 33.3% 90.8% 25.2% 47.1%
2024 33.9% 96.6% 21.9% 47.9%
2025 32.2% 101.1% 23.4% 49.4%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Mozambique's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$1.43B, equivalent to -6.38% of GDP. This compares to Nepal's deficit of -$1.17B, or -2.73% of GDP.

Over the past 25 years, Mozambique recorded a fiscal deficit in 24 of those years, while Nepal ran a deficit in 19 years. On average, Mozambique posted an annual deficit equal to -3.87% of GDP, compared to deficit of -1.68% of GDP for Nepal.

Deficit/surplus
Mozambique

Nepal
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Mozambique Nepal
1980 -1.47% -
1981 -7.41% -
1982 -3.61% -
1983 -15.8% -
1984 -13.4% -
1985 -9.69% -
1986 -12.1% -
1987 -7.24% -
1988 -6.47% -
1989 -4.23% -
1990 -4.42% -
1991 -2.01% -
1992 -1.85% -
1993 -2.53% -
1994 -4% -
1995 -2.46% -
1996 -2.07% -
1997 -1.81% -
1998 -1.08% -
1999 -0.31% -
2000 -1.26% -1.48%
2001 -4.43% -2.35%
2002 -3.36% -2.46%
2003 -2.64% -0.34%
2004 -3.17% -0.14%
2005 -2.06% 0.24%
2006 -3.03% 0.24%
2007 -2.19% -0.67%
2008 -1.9% -0.29%
2009 -4.35% -2.24%
2010 -3.4% -0.67%
2011 -4.34% -0.72%
2012 -3.45% -1.17%
2013 -2.46% 1.57%
2014 -9.75% 1.35%
2015 -6.55% 0.58%
2016 -5.06% 1.17%
2017 -1.99% -2.69%
2018 -5.7% -5.83%
2019 1.7% -4.99%
2020 -6.19% -5.36%
2021 -5.23% -3.98%
2022 -5.22% -3.12%
2023 -4.23% -5.83%
2024 -6.38% -2.73%
2025 -5.58% -3.98%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 28 years, Mozambique has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 9.93%, compared with 6.61% in Nepal. In 2023, inflation was 4.9% in Mozambique and 7.11% in Nepal.

Inflation
Mozambique

Nepal
Year Inflation
Mozambique Nepal Mozambique Nepal
1996 48.5% 9.22%
1997 7.4% 4.01%
1998 1.5% 11.2%
1999 2.9% 7.45%
2000 12.7% 2.48%
2001 9.1% 2.69%
2002 16.8% 3.03%
2003 13.5% 5.71%
2004 12.6% 2.84%
2005 6.4% 6.84%
2006 13.2% 6.92%
2007 10.4% 2.27%
2008 14.5% 9.91%
2009 3.8% 11.1%
2010 12.4% 9.33%
2011 11.2% 9.23%
2012 2.6% 9.46%
2013 4.3% 9.04%
2014 2.6% 8.36%
2015 3.6% 7.87%
2016 18.4% 8.79%
2017 15.8% 3.63%
2018 3.2% 4.06%
2019 5.7% 5.57%
2020 0.9% 5.05%
2021 6.6% 4.15%
2022 10.4% 7.65%
2023 7% 7.11%
2024 3.2% -
2025 4.9% -

Top exports between countries

Mozambique
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $217K
Nepal
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $3K

Balance of trade

Mozambique Nepal
Current account balance
-$2.49B
2024
$4.95B
2024
Current account balance ranking
148/189
2024
34/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-11.1%
2024
+11.5%
2024
Goods imports
$8.38B
2024
$29.2B
2024
Goods exports
$8.21B
2024
$3.64B
2024
Service imports
$2.11B
2024
$5.83B
2024
Service exports
$1.15B
2024
$4.53B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
52.9%
2024
32.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
42.7%
2024
7.62%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Mozambique Nepal
Economic freedom 50.7 52.5
Economic freedom ranking 163/197 145/197
Property rights 31.6 38.3
Government integrity 24.9 39.4
Judicial effectiveness 44.9 43.3
Tax burden 75.4 83.6
Government spending 68.8 79.5
Fiscal health 51.9 65.8
Business freedom 37.3 64.7
Labor freedom 47.7 48.3
Monetary freedom 72.3 68.2
Trade freedom 74 58.4
Investment freedom 40 10
Financial freedom 40 30

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Mozambique is 50.7, ranking 163/197, compared to 52.5 for Nepal, ranking 145/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Mozambique
Nepal
Year Economic freedom index
Mozambique Nepal
1995 45.5 -
1996 48.4 50.3
1997 44 53.6
1998 43 53.5
1999 48.9 53.1
2000 52.2 51.3
2001 59.2 51.6
2002 57.7 52.3
2003 58.6 51.5
2004 57.2 51.2
2005 54.6 51.4
2006 51.9 53.7
2007 54.7 54.4
2008 55.4 54.1
2009 55.7 53.2
2010 56 52.7
2011 56.8 50.1
2012 57.1 50.2
2013 55 50.4
2014 55 50.1
2015 54.8 51.3
2016 53.2 50.9
2017 49.9 55.1
2018 46.3 54.1
2019 48.6 53.8
2020 50.5 54.2
2021 51.6 50.7
2022 51.3 49.7
2023 52.5 51.4
2024 50.7 52.1
2025 50.7 52.5

More economic indicators

Mozambique Nepal
Services, % of GDP
38.4%
2024
55.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
11.4%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
26.3%
2024
21.9%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$18.9B
2024
$43.7B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$1,510
2024
$5,830
2024
Total reserves including gold
$3.84B
2024
$12.5B
2023
Total reserves ranking
108/177
2024
74/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
-$3.55B
2024
-$155M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$3.51B
2024
$155M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$44.1M
2024
$0
1989
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
22.7%
2023
1.16%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
65%
2022
20.3%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.1%
2024
30.4%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.