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Economy of Kenya vs Moldova compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Kenya has a GDP of $124B compared to $18.2B for Moldova, ranking 64/197 and 134/197 by economy size, respectively.

Kenya has $81.7B in government debt (68.3% of GDP), compared to $6.94B (36.3% of GDP) in Moldova.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Kenya
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Moldova
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Kenya Moldova
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $791,265,459 $6,102,055,404 - -
1961 $792,959,473 $5,627,642,874 - -
1962 $868,111,401 $6,159,869,250 - -
1963 $926,589,349 $6,700,603,529 - -
1964 $998,759,334 $7,033,252,800 - -
1965 $997,919,321 $7,174,557,472 - -
1966 $1,164,519,674 $8,231,266,933 - -
1967 $1,232,559,507 $8,507,938,914 - -
1968 $1,353,295,459 $9,187,101,300 - -
1969 $1,458,379,417 $9,918,323,314 - -
1970 $1,603,447,359 $9,456,581,037 - -
1971 $1,778,391,289 $11,553,473,096 - -
1972 $2,107,279,157 $13,527,086,975 - -
1973 $2,509,001,324 $14,324,722,508 - -
1974 $2,969,958,812 $14,907,110,912 - -
1975 $3,259,345,083 $15,038,621,918 - -
1976 $3,474,542,392 $15,362,548,496 - -
1977 $4,494,378,764 $16,814,892,774 - -
1978 $5,303,735,111 $17,977,221,152 - -
1979 $6,234,391,113 $19,346,227,179 - -
1980 $7,265,315,820 $20,428,063,600 - -
1981 $6,854,491,706 $21,198,925,608 - -
1982 $6,431,579,357 $21,518,282,813 - -
1983 $5,979,198,314 $21,799,967,946 - -
1984 $6,191,437,070 $22,182,604,684 - -
1985 $6,135,034,214 $23,136,581,312 - -
1986 $7,239,126,568 $24,797,222,251 - -
1987 $7,970,820,369 $26,269,459,979 - -
1988 $8,355,380,879 $27,899,002,871 - -
1989 $8,283,114,514 $29,207,563,409 - -
1990 $8,572,359,038 $30,431,959,354 $3,592,857,043 $11,137,693,133
1991 $8,151,488,783 $30,869,676,465 $3,094,565,871 $9,355,662,201
1992 $8,209,120,763 $30,622,875,267 $2,319,243,436 $6,633,164,508
1993 $5,751,786,643 $30,731,034,422 $2,371,813,324 $6,553,566,539
1994 $7,148,148,564 $31,540,116,339 $1,702,314,268 $4,528,514,463
1995 $9,046,320,255 $32,929,842,157 $1,752,999,370 $4,465,115,304
1996 $12,045,865,396 $34,295,389,782 $1,695,122,174 $4,202,697,785
1997 $13,115,764,358 $34,458,259,247 $1,930,081,169 $4,271,918,931
1998 $14,093,998,844 $35,592,009,622 $1,698,717,505 $3,992,441,789
1999 $12,896,010,459 $36,412,543,752 $1,170,782,957 $3,857,966,190
2000 $12,705,350,098 $36,630,908,099 $1,288,429,392 $3,939,281,164
2001 $12,986,007,426 $38,015,522,174 $1,480,673,594 $4,179,577,331
2002 $13,147,736,899 $38,223,413,680 $1,661,818,168 $4,505,584,348
2003 $14,904,517,650 $39,344,305,939 $1,980,907,435 $4,802,952,913
2004 $16,095,337,094 $41,352,557,259 $2,598,249,556 $5,158,371,416
2005 $18,737,895,513 $43,795,114,732 $2,988,342,907 $5,545,249,280
2006 $25,825,512,284 $46,629,751,037 $3,408,255,451 $5,811,421,236
2007 $31,958,195,182 $49,824,229,273 $4,401,173,152 $5,985,763,886
2008 $35,895,153,328 $49,939,962,360 $6,054,824,248 $6,452,653,478
2009 $42,347,217,913 $51,591,446,860 $5,439,434,272 $6,065,494,253
2010 $45,405,615,064 $55,748,929,986 $6,974,982,370 $6,496,144,351
2011 $46,869,473,151 $58,603,891,851 $8,414,352,020 $6,874,100,823
2012 $56,396,704,672 $61,281,315,912 $8,709,138,635 $6,833,561,916
2013 $61,671,440,408 $63,608,687,383 $9,496,717,876 $7,451,580,072
2014 $68,285,796,514 $66,801,914,097 $9,402,090,138 $7,824,131,196
2015 $70,120,446,897 $70,120,446,897 $7,797,667,197 $7,797,667,197
2016 $74,815,144,164 $73,074,983,895 $7,980,917,076 $8,159,947,935
2017 $82,036,510,877 $75,879,571,212 $9,514,404,016 $8,500,675,704
2018 $92,202,979,985 $80,165,208,728 $11,252,353,421 $8,847,128,858
2019 $100,378,436,207 $84,264,984,851 $11,736,797,055 $9,161,406,662
2020 $100,657,505,751 $84,035,138,347 $11,530,746,234 $8,403,210,633
2021 $109,703,658,905 $90,413,816,677 $13,691,869,264 $9,573,777,856
2022 $114,448,978,153 $94,807,911,028 $14,525,337,524 $9,133,384,075
2023 $108,038,588,971 $100,075,318,171 $16,711,906,746 $9,242,984,684
2024 $124,498,691,699 $104,575,203,136 $18,200,340,854 $9,252,510,450

Economic indicators

Kenya Moldova
Gross domestic product
$124B
2024
$18.2B
2024
GDP rank
64/197
2024
134/197
2024
GDP growth
15.2%
2023-2024
8.91%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,206
2024
$7,618
2024
GDP per capita rank
152/197
2024
99/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$6,619
2024
$18,717
2024
Government debt
$81.7B
2024
$6.94B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
68.3%
2025
36.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$1,447
2024
$2,905
2024
Government debt per person rank
131/185
2024
103/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,811
2025
$4,214
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$15B
2024
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
30.1%
2022
22.8%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2022
4.3%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
23%
2025
39.8%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
4.49%
2023-2024
4.68%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
9.5%
2025
6.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.44%
2022
1.43%
2024
Population
58419239
2358679

GDP per capita in Kenya vs Moldova

Kenya's GDP per capita is $2,206, ranking 152/197, compared to $7,618 in Moldova, ranking 99/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Kenya ranks 148th at $6,619, while Moldova ranks 98th at $18,717.

Kenya
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Moldova
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Kenya Moldova
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $102.8 - - -
1961 $99.3 - - -
1962 $104.6 - - -
1963 $107.4 - - -
1964 $111.3 - - -
1965 $106.9 - - -
1966 $119.8 - - -
1967 $121.9 - - -
1968 $128.7 - - -
1969 $133.3 - - -
1970 $141 - - -
1971 $150.9 - - -
1972 $172.6 - - -
1973 $198.6 - - -
1974 $227.2 - - -
1975 $241.2 - - -
1976 $248.9 - - -
1977 $311 - - -
1978 $355 - - -
1979 $403 - - -
1980 $454 - - -
1981 $413 - - -
1982 $374 - - -
1983 $335 - - -
1984 $334 - - -
1985 $320 - - -
1986 $364 - - -
1987 $387 - - -
1988 $391 - - -
1989 $374 - - -
1990 $374 $1,729 $1,207 $6,895
1991 $345 $1,756 $1,038 $5,980
1992 $337 $1,728 $778 $4,337
1993 $229 $1,723 $797 $4,394
1994 $276.4 $1,754 $574 $3,111
1995 $340 $1,818 $594 $3,146
1996 $441 $1,875 $575 $3,021
1997 $467 $1,865 $657 $3,136
1998 $488 $1,895 $579 $2,965
1999 $434 $1,910 $399 $2,910
2000 $415 $1,907 $441 $3,045
2001 $411 $1,961 $507 $3,311
2002 $403 $1,940 $571 $3,633
2003 $443 $1,975 $682 $3,960
2004 $464 $2,066 $897 $4,378
2005 $523 $2,189 $1,034 $4,866
2006 $700 $2,330 $1,183 $5,271
2007 $840 $2,481 $1,531 $5,590
2008 $916 $2,459 $2,111 $6,153
2009 $1,048 $2,480 $1,898 $5,827
2010 $1,092 $2,635 $2,437 $6,323
2011 $1,096 $2,750 $2,941 $6,833
2012 $1,285 $2,847 $3,045 $7,255
2013 $1,371 $3,106 $3,321 $8,233
2014 $1,483 $3,359 $3,290 $8,643
2015 $1,489 $3,678 $2,750 $9,198
2016 $1,554 $3,917 $2,847 $10,326
2017 $1,667 $4,177 $3,453 $11,252
2018 $1,836 $4,412 $4,156 $11,868
2019 $1,960 $4,687 $4,405 $13,413
2020 $1,928 $4,793 $4,376 $13,527
2021 $2,061 $5,339 $5,275 $15,682
2022 $2,110 $5,883 $5,744 $16,453
2023 $1,952 $6,307 $6,800 $17,747
2024 $2,206 $6,619 $7,618 $18,717

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Kenya's government spending was $28.5B, accounting for 23% of its GDP, while Moldova's spent $6.92B, or 39.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 68.3% in Kenya and 36.3% in Moldova, ranking 60/185 and 144/185, respectively.

Kenya
Government spending

Government debt
Moldova
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Kenya Moldova
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1982 16.2% 26.9% - -
1983 14.6% 26.1% - -
1984 14.9% 25.6% - -
1985 15.6% 28.8% - -
1986 15.3% 31.3% - -
1987 15.5% 36.3% - -
1988 15.9% 33.9% - -
1989 16.3% 33.4% - -
1990 17.2% 37.6% - -
1991 16.4% 43% - -
1992 17.6% 41.2% - -
1993 18.9% 61.6% - -
1994 18.8% 57% - -
1995 17.3% 52.1% 42% 79.5%
1996 15.2% 40.5% 43.3% 87.5%
1997 15.6% 36% 46% 89%
1998 15.3% 38.5% 39.1% 159.4%
1999 13.7% 38.4% 33% 150.7%
2000 14.1% 43.1% 34% 89.1%
2001 14.9% 41.3% 29.5% 85.4%
2002 15.7% 42% 30.7% 80.3%
2003 16% 43.8% 33.5% 68.1%
2004 15.4% 40.8% 34.8% 49.3%
2005 16.2% 37.4% 37.1% 40.4%
2006 17.3% 37.1% 40.3% 35%
2007 18.1% 34.2% 42.7% 28.3%
2008 18.9% 34.3% 41.5% 22.2%
2009 20.3% 36% 45.3% 32.6%
2010 21.5% 36.7% 34.1% 25.5%
2011 20.1% 35.7% 32.6% 24.2%
2012 22.1% 37.6% 33.7% 31.3%
2013 23.2% 39.8% 32.4% 30%
2014 23.4% 41.3% 33.8% 35.4%
2015 23.8% 45.8% 31.7% 42.1%
2016 25.4% 50.4% 30.5% 39.7%
2017 25.2% 53.9% 31% 34.9%
2018 24.5% 56.4% 31.5% 31.8%
2019 24.4% 59.1% 32% 28.8%
2020 24.8% 68% 36.7% 36.6%
2021 24% 68.2% 34.6% 33.6%
2022 23.2% 67.8% 36.6% 35%
2023 22.6% 73% 38.8% 34.9%
2024 22.9% 65.6% 38% 38.1%
2025 23% 68.3% 39.8% 36.3%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Kenya's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$6.86B, equivalent to -5.51% of GDP. This compares to Moldova's deficit of -$709M, or -3.89% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Kenya recorded a fiscal deficit in 27 of those years, while Moldova ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, Kenya posted an annual deficit equal to -3.37% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2.26% of GDP for Moldova.

Deficit/surplus
Kenya

Moldova
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Kenya Moldova
1982 -3.07% -
1983 -2.17% -
1984 -2.55% -
1985 -3.05% -
1986 -2.98% -
1987 -2.27% -
1988 -1.97% -
1989 -2.39% -
1990 -3.28% -
1991 -6.56% -
1992 -8.28% -
1993 -8.57% -
1994 -4.14% -
1995 -0.23% -2.58%
1996 -0.49% -7.42%
1997 -0.91% -7.47%
1998 -0.03% -1.52%
1999 0.84% -2.64%
2000 0.38% -3.55%
2001 -0.53% -0.34%
2002 -1.29% -1.18%
2003 -0.73% 0.47%
2004 0.5% 0.59%
2005 -0.19% 1.44%
2006 -0.43% -0.42%
2007 -0.95% 0.15%
2008 -1.95% -0.87%
2009 -3.12% -6.38%
2010 -3.67% -2.18%
2011 -3.64% -2.05%
2012 -5.29% -1.93%
2013 -5.25% -1.57%
2014 -5.75% -1.6%
2015 -6.68% -1.93%
2016 -7.47% -1.56%
2017 -7.4% -0.65%
2018 -6.94% -0.85%
2019 -7.42% -1.47%
2020 -8.13% -5.32%
2021 -7.2% -2.62%
2022 -6.06% -3.24%
2023 -5.69% -5.13%
2024 -5.51% -3.89%
2025 -5.38% -5.11%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Kenya has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 8.41%, compared with 11% in Moldova. In 2024, inflation was 4.49% in Kenya and 4.68% in Moldova.

Inflation
Kenya

Moldova
Year Inflation
Kenya Moldova Kenya Moldova
1996 8.86% 23.5%
1997 11.4% 11.8%
1998 6.72% 7.7%
1999 5.74% 39.3%
2000 9.98% 31.3%
2001 5.74% 9.76%
2002 1.96% 5.3%
2003 9.82% 11.7%
2004 11.6% 12.5%
2005 10.3% 12%
2006 14.5% 12.8%
2007 9.76% 12.4%
2008 26.2% 12.8%
2009 9.23% -0.06%
2010 3.96% 7.48%
2011 14% 7.69%
2012 9.38% 4.55%
2013 5.72% 4.6%
2014 6.88% 5.09%
2015 6.58% 9.68%
2016 6.3% 6.36%
2017 8.01% 6.57%
2018 4.69% 3.05%
2019 5.24% 4.84%
2020 5.41% 3.77%
2021 6.11% 5.11%
2022 7.66% 28.7%
2023 7.67% 13.4%
2024 4.49% 4.68%

Top exports between countries

Kenya
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $27K
Chemicals & pharma $9K
Moldova
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $264K
Raw agricultural goods $80K

Balance of trade

Kenya Moldova
Current account balance
-$1.55B
2024
-$2.92B
2024
Current account balance ranking
133/189
2024
153/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.24%
2024
-16%
2024
Goods imports
$22.2B
2024
$8.63B
2024
Goods exports
$12.5B
2024
$3.01B
2024
Service imports
$5.64B
2024
$1.78B
2024
Service exports
$8.04B
2024
$2.7B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
19.2%
2024
57.3%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
11.1%
2024
31.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Kenya Moldova
Economic freedom 54.8 58.3
Economic freedom ranking 132/197 107/197
Property rights 41.8 40.2
Government integrity 31.5 43.4
Judicial effectiveness 48 31.3
Tax burden 77 92.8
Government spending 83.7 59.5
Fiscal health 25.1 75.9
Business freedom 58.9 66.2
Labor freedom 57.3 49.1
Monetary freedom 72.6 59.4
Trade freedom 56.6 77.2
Investment freedom 55 55
Financial freedom 50 50

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Kenya is 54.8, ranking 132/197, compared to 58.3 for Moldova, ranking 107/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Kenya
Moldova
Year Economic freedom index
Kenya Moldova
1995 54.5 33
1996 56.4 52.5
1997 60.1 48.9
1998 58.4 53.5
1999 58.2 56.1
2000 59.7 59.6
2001 57.6 54.9
2002 58.2 57.4
2003 58.6 60
2004 57.7 57.1
2005 57.9 57.4
2006 59.7 58
2007 59.6 58.7
2008 59.3 57.9
2009 58.7 54.9
2010 57.5 53.7
2011 57.4 55.7
2012 57.5 54.4
2013 55.9 55.5
2014 57.1 57.3
2015 55.6 57.5
2016 57.5 57.4
2017 53.5 58
2018 54.7 58.4
2019 55.1 59.1
2020 55.3 62
2021 54.9 62.5
2022 52.6 61.3
2023 52.5 58.5
2024 53.6 57.1
2025 54.8 58.3

More economic indicators

Kenya Moldova
Services, % of GDP
55.9%
2024
62.3%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
16.1%
2024
16.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
21.3%
2024
7.11%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$119B
2024
$16.6B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$6,520
2024
$18,880
2024
Total reserves including gold
$10.1B
2024
$5.48B
2024
Total reserves ranking
75/177
2024
96/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$45.8M
2024
-$244M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$463M
2024
$333M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$418M
2024
$89.6M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.65%
2023
7.79%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
39.8%
2022
31.6%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
16.8%
2024
21.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.