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Economy of Congo vs New Zealand compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

The Congo has a GDP of $16.3B compared to $264B for New Zealand, ranking 143/197 and 53/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Congo has $15.8B in government debt (96.8% of GDP), compared to $145B (54.7% of GDP) in New Zealand.

Congo vs New Zealand GDP by year

Congo
New Zealand
1x
Year GDP, current $
Congo New Zealand
2025 $16,306,633,779 $264,057,413,740
2024 $15,719,986,077 $261,497,198,364
2023 $15,321,055,823 $256,372,177,758
2022 $15,817,030,155 $249,723,029,451
2021 $14,825,690,211 $253,732,493,988
2020 $11,468,687,464 $213,318,129,989
2019 $13,976,637,780 $213,088,034,258
2018 $14,773,900,289 $211,726,161,989
2017 $11,834,473,039 $206,561,943,051
2016 $10,931,328,151 $188,980,351,891
2015 $12,434,793,867 $178,147,457,243
2014 $17,919,321,078 $201,435,445,068
2013 $17,958,720,699 $190,943,478,290
2012 $17,692,911,296 $176,508,049,114
2011 $15,655,383,577 $168,458,838,711
2010 $13,148,396,212 $146,887,902,524
2009 $9,723,299,915 $121,663,439,315
2008 $11,649,857,673 $133,437,126,590
2007 $8,782,703,437 $137,188,946,866
2006 $8,072,305,029 $111,538,810,713
2005 $6,650,001,680 $114,720,129,550
2004 $4,656,974,940 $103,905,210,084
2003 $3,503,723,088 $88,250,885,550
2002 $3,034,250,924 $66,627,729,311
2001 $2,796,704,604 $53,872,425,917
2000 $3,227,927,698 $52,623,281,957
1999 $2,354,772,960 $58,762,260,626
1998 $1,949,481,379 $56,227,169,851
1997 $2,322,719,103 $66,075,143,415
1996 $2,540,697,539 $70,140,835,299
1995 $2,116,003,868 $63,918,703,507
1994 $1,769,365,438 $55,314,732,279
1993 $2,684,323,623 $46,775,620,817
1992 $2,933,222,703 $41,649,829,860
1991 $2,724,853,506 $42,745,329,732
1990 $2,798,746,050 $45,495,129,385
1989 $2,389,593,026 $43,920,222,525
1988 $2,212,536,312 $45,176,811,594
1987 $2,297,753,652 $40,376,354,070
1986 $1,849,268,212 $30,604,668,357
1985 $2,160,872,540 $24,679,795,396
1984 $2,193,581,365 $21,665,975,319
1983 $2,097,274,290 $24,309,279,706
1982 $2,160,640,565 $24,164,603,059
1981 $1,993,512,323 $24,417,617,184
1980 $1,705,796,853 $23,244,547,385
1979 $1,198,749,667 $20,731,243,113
1978 $878,771,772 $18,530,518,395
1977 $765,224,029 $15,446,825,318
1976 $754,549,601 $13,604,832,424
1975 $767,102,680 $12,861,983,284
1974 $585,364,634 $13,940,981,798
1973 $541,973,363 $12,802,281,898
1972 $410,669,264 $9,567,331,065
1971 $322,128,019 $7,911,136,757
1970 $274,960,700 $6,495,605,331
1969 $265,040,036 $5,814,357,709
1968 $251,247,458 $5,228,045,415
1967 $237,397,428 $6,016,017,227
1966 $220,613,582 $5,917,437,693
1965 $198,318,064 $5,706,251,400
1964 $185,693,725 $7,340,766,415
1963 $172,233,431 $6,699,741,645
1962 $166,521,240 $6,133,158,532
1961 $151,675,739 $5,721,994,864
1960 $131,731,863 $5,536,098,360

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/new-zealand | CC BY

GDP per capita in Congo vs New Zealand by year

Congo
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
New Zealand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Congo New Zealand
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $2,515 - $49,591 -
2024 $2,482 $7,026 $49,432 $55,551
2023 $2,478 $6,850 $49,302 $54,697
2022 $2,621 $6,647 $49,142 $54,034
2021 $2,516 $6,263 $49,902 $48,249
2020 $1,994 $4,771 $42,055 $45,513
2019 $2,488 $5,720 $42,872 $45,278
2018 $2,694 $5,593 $43,204 $42,527
2017 $2,212 $4,445 $42,912 $42,244
2016 $2,093 $4,016 $40,088 $39,989
2015 $2,439 $4,715 $38,649 $37,513
2014 $3,601 $5,733 $44,600 $37,331
2013 $3,697 $5,834 $42,985 $36,263
2012 $3,732 $6,058 $40,042 $33,055
2011 $3,396 $5,175 $38,426 $32,739
2010 $2,947 $5,125 $33,762 $31,305
2009 $2,271 $4,801 $28,277 $30,746
2008 $2,832 $4,448 $31,325 $29,896
2007 $2,206 $4,243 $32,480 $29,331
2006 $2,104 $4,588 $26,655 $27,732
2005 $1,799 $4,279 $27,751 $25,677
2004 $1,306 $3,992 $25,420 $25,124
2003 $1,017 $3,887 $21,914 $23,996
2002 $906 $3,888 $16,874 $23,306
2001 $855 $3,748 $13,883 $22,511
2000 $1,024 $3,667 $13,641 $21,500
1999 $776 $3,464 $15,322 $20,579
1998 $660 $3,602 $14,738 $19,323
1997 $804 $3,510 $17,474 $19,100
1996 $899 $3,547 $18,794 $18,392
1995 $770 $3,434 $17,400 $17,864
1994 $662 $3,327 $15,280 $17,108
1993 $1,034 $3,550 $13,094 $15,900
1992 $1,164 $3,608 $11,793 $14,877
1991 $1,113 $3,536 $12,230 $14,501
1990 $1,176 $3,437 $13,663 $14,812
1989 $1,033 - $13,312 -
1988 $984 - $13,759 -
1987 $1,052 - $12,331 -
1986 $872 - $9,428 -
1985 $1,049 - $7,601 -
1984 $1,097 - $6,714 -
1983 $1,075 - $7,598 -
1982 $1,131 - $7,656 -
1981 $1,066 - $7,814 -
1980 $933 - $7,467 -
1979 $670 - $6,668 -
1978 $503 - $5,937 -
1977 $448 - $4,951 -
1976 $453 - $4,374 -
1975 $471 - $4,172 -
1974 $370 - $4,611 -
1973 $353 - $4,323 -
1972 $276.3 - $3,295 -
1971 $223.5 - $2,773 -
1970 $196.7 - $2,311 -
1969 $195.4 - $2,097 -
1968 $190.8 - $1,902 -
1967 $185.7 - $2,208 -
1966 $177.6 - $2,211 -
1965 $164.2 - $2,171 -
1964 $158.1 - $2,839 -
1963 $150.7 - $2,646 -
1962 $149.6 - $2,471 -
1961 $139.9 - $2,365 -
1960 $124.7 - $2,334 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/new-zealand | CC BY

The Congo's GDP per capita is $2,515, ranking 153/197, compared to $49,591 in New Zealand, ranking 26/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Congo ranks 148th at $7,026, while New Zealand ranks 38th at $55,551.

Economic indicators

Congo New Zealand
Gross domestic product
$16.3B
2025
$264B
2025
GDP rank
143/197
2025
53/197
2025
GDP growth
3.08%
2024-2025
0.46%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$2,515
2025
$49,591
2025
GDP per capita rank
153/197
2025
26/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$7,026
2024
$55,551
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
148/197
2024
38/197
2024
Government debt
$15.8B
2025
$145B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
96.8%
2025
54.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$2,435
2025
$27,139
2025
Government debt per person rank
114/185
2025
27/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,494
2026
$36,222
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$103B
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
5
2026
Income share by richest 10%
37.9%
2011
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
1.6%
2011
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
23.9%
2025
41.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.6%
2024-2025
2.84%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
10%
2012
5.26%
2025
Population
6718789
5380024

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Congo
Spending

Debt
New Zealand
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Congo New Zealand
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 23.9% 96.8% 41.6% 54.7%
2024 21.7% 98% 41.7% 51.4%
2023 20.7% 102.9% 41% 47.3%
2022 22.8% 93.5% 41.7% 46.9%
2021 20.9% 97.8% 41.8% 47.5%
2020 21.1% 102.5% 41.9% 43.2%
2019 20.2% 77.6% 38.7% 31.8%
2018 17.8% 71.2% 36.1% 28.1%
2017 26.6% 88.5% 35.6% 31.1%
2016 38.8% 84.5% 36.4% 33.4%
2015 41.3% 74.2% 37.2% 34.2%
2014 48.6% 42.3% 37.6% 34.2%
2013 42.4% 33.9% 38.6% 34.6%
2012 30.7% 30.2% 39.7% 35.7%
2011 27.9% 34.4% 42.3% 34.7%
2010 23% 43.5% 42.9% 29.6%
2009 24.4% 83.8% 40.3% 24.3%
2008 24.2% 69.6% 38.4% 19%
2007 28.6% 93.8% 37% 16.3%
2006 26.6% 94.7% 37.8% 18.4%
2005 22.1% 99.8% 37.1% 20.8%
2004 24.4% 122.6% 36.1% 22.5%
2003 27% 185.3% 36.6% 24.7%
2002 32.1% 163.5% 36.7% 26.4%
2001 29.1% 180.1% 37.2% 28.2%
2000 22.6% 145% 38.2% 30%
1999 28.8% 0% 39.2% 32%
1998 25.1% 0% 40.1% 34.5%
1997 22.2% 0% 39.3% 34.6%
1996 15.7% 0% 39.8% 37.3%
1995 27.6% 0% 41.6% 43.5%
1994 30.7% 0% 42.7% 48.9%
1993 32.8% 0% 46.7% 54.6%
1992 32.8% 0% 52.4% 58.7%
1991 34.1% 0% 52.9% 58%
1990 30.4% 0% 49.5% 55.5%
1989 20.3% 151.7% 47.8% 54.9%
1988 - - 46.1% 54.7%
1987 - - 46.1% 62.9%
1986 - - 46.9% 68.5%
1985 - - 46.2% 64.1%
1984 - - 40.7% 62.8%
1983 - - 41.4% 59.6%
1982 - - 39.9% 51.5%
1981 - - 39.1% 50.5%
1980 - - 38% 52.2%
1979 - - 38.4% 52%
1978 - - 36.6% 50%
1977 - - 30% 44.6%
1976 - - 31.6% 47.6%
1975 - - 30.1% 41.4%
1974 - - 27.3% 39.6%
1973 - - 27.1% 44%
1972 - - 26.4% 46%
1971 - - 26.8% 71.3%
1970 - - 24.8% 76.5%
1969 - - 25.9% 85.8%
1968 - - 26.2% 86.5%
1967 - - 26% 59.7%
1966 - - 25% 58.2%
1965 - - 24.9% 59.6%
1964 - - 19.4% 61.8%
1963 - - 19.4% 64.5%
1962 - - 21.6% 65%
1961 - - 21.1% 64.6%
1960 - - 25.3% 68.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, the Congo's government spending was $3.9B, accounting for 23.9% of its GDP, while New Zealand spent $110B, or 41.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 96.8% in the Congo and 54.7% in New Zealand, ranking 27/185 and 91/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Congo

New Zealand
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Congo New Zealand
2025 0.28% -3.86%
2024 3.62% -3.21%
2023 5.81% -3.22%
2022 8.94% -3.96%
2021 1.63% -3.35%
2020 -1.1% -4.21%
2019 4.3% -2.44%
2018 5.22% 1.31%
2017 -5.57% 1.38%
2016 -14.5% 0.98%
2015 -17.8% 0.37%
2014 -10.7% -0.33%
2013 -2.85% -1.28%
2012 7.24% -2.18%
2011 16.1% -4.94%
2010 15.5% -5.49%
2009 4.76% -1.8%
2008 23.9% 1.48%
2007 8.99% 3.6%
2006 16% 4.62%
2005 13.4% 5.13%
2004 3.33% 4.49%
2003 0.37% 3.69%
2002 -7.34% 2.56%
2001 -0.71% 1.29%
2000 1.05% 0.18%
1999 -4.75% -1.1%
1998 -5.16% -0.47%
1997 3.67% 1.24%
1996 9.2% 2.58%
1995 -6.38% 3.7%
1994 -10.6% 2%
1993 -11.3% -1.51%
1992 -12.7% -6.25%
1991 -11.2% -6.12%
1990 -4.1% -2.72%
1989 0.78% -2.16%
1988 - -1.88%
1987 - -3.43%
1986 - -5.33%
1985 - -6.97%
1984 - -8.68%
1983 - -6.64%
1982 - -6.26%
1981 - -6.02%
1980 - -4.9%
1979 - -6.55%
1978 - -3.41%
1977 - -1.09%
1976 - -2.07%
1975 - 0.11%
1974 - 0.03%
1973 - -0.07%
1972 - 0.12%
1971 - 0.09%
1970 - -0.05%
1969 - 0.17%
1968 - 0.03%
1967 - 0.02%
1966 - 0.09%
1965 - 0.26%
1964 - -0.08%
1963 - -0.26%
1962 - 0.02%
1961 - 0.03%
1960 - 0.05%
1959 - 0.03%
1958 - -0.02%
1957 - 0.32%
1956 - 1.33%
1955 - 0.73%
1954 - 0.22%
1953 - 0.43%
1952 - 1.73%
1951 - 1.17%
1950 - 0.78%
1949 - 0.53%
1948 - 0.36%
1947 - 1.07%
1946 - 0.31%
1945 - 0.32%
1944 - 0.59%
1943 - 1.24%
1942 - 0.56%
1941 - 0.64%
1940 - 0.13%
1939 - 0.34%
1938 - 0.38%
1937 - 0.23%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 1.19%
1934 - -0.55%
1933 - 0.02%
1932 - -1.77%
1931 - -1.12%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.37%
1928 - 0.12%
1927 - 0.4%
1926 - 0.72%
1925 - 0.78%
1924 - 1.2%
1923 - 0.95%
1922 - -0.2%
1921 - 3.55%
1920 - 1.51%
1919 - 2.9%
1918 - 4.35%
1917 - 3.89%
1916 - 1.46%
1915 - 0.06%
1914 - 0.45%
1913 - 0.79%
1912 - 0.89%
1911 - 1.24%
1910 - 0.36%
1909 - 0.31%
1908 - 1.26%
1907 - 1.13%
1906 - 0.97%
1905 - 1.41%
1904 - 1.42%
1903 - 0.55%
1902 - 0.63%
1901 - 1.11%
1900 - 1.59%
1899 - 1.15%
1898 - 1.38%
1897 - 0.86%
1896 - 0.65%
1895 - 0.32%
1894 - 0.76%
1893 - 1.14%
1892 - 0.09%
1891 - 0.46%
1890 - 0.05%
1889 - 0.59%
1888 - -1.64%
1887 - -1.63%
1886 - -0.53%
1885 - -0.47%
1884 - -0.1%
1883 - 0.38%
1882 - 0.18%
1881 - -2.33%
1880 - -2.39%
1879 - -0.55%
1878 - -0.85%
1877 - -2.53%
1876 - -5.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, the Congo's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $45.6M, equivalent to 0.28% of GDP. This compares to New Zealand's deficit of $10.2B, or 3.86% of GDP.

Over the past 37 years, the Congo recorded a fiscal deficit in 16 of those years, while New Zealand ran a deficit in 20 years. On average, the Congo posted an annual surplus equal to 0.73% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.54% of GDP for New Zealand.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Congo

New Zealand
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Congo New Zealand
2025 2.6% 2.84%
2024 3.1% 2.92%
2023 4.3% 5.73%
2022 3% 7.17%
2021 2% 3.94%
2020 1.4% 1.71%
2019 0.4% 1.62%
2018 1.2% 1.6%
2017 0.4% 1.85%
2016 3.2% 0.65%
2015 3.2% 0.29%
2014 0.9% 1.23%
2013 4.6% 1.13%
2012 5% 1.06%
2011 1.8% 4.03%
2010 0.4% 2.3%
2009 4.3% 2.12%
2008 6% 3.96%
2007 2.6% 2.38%
2006 4.7% 3.37%
2005 2.5% 3.04%
2004 3.7% 2.29%
2003 1.7% 1.75%
2002 3% 2.68%
2001 0.8% 2.63%
2000 0.5% 2.62%
1999 3% -0.11%
1998 2.2% 1.27%
1997 12.7% 1.19%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/new-zealand | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, the Congo has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.94%, compared with 2.39% in New Zealand. In 2025, inflation was 2.6% in the Congo and 2.84% in New Zealand.

Top exports between countries

Congo
Export category Export value
Wood & paper products $530K
Machinery & equipment $130K
New Zealand
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $3.48M
Transport & tourism services $100K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $75K
Machinery & equipment $12K
Chemicals & pharma $6K
Raw materials & minerals $2K

Balance of trade

Congo New Zealand
Current account balance
$1.72B
2021
-$9.56B
2025
Current account balance ranking
46/190
2021
174/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+11.6%
2021
-3.62%
2025
Goods imports
$2.78B
2021
$48.2B
2025
Goods exports
$7.51B
2021
$47.2B
2025
Service imports
$1.71B
2021
$20.3B
2025
Service exports
$240M
2021
$19.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
43.6%
2025
26%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
48%
2025
24.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Congo New Zealand
Economic freedom 48.6 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 169/197 13/197
Property rights 28.7 85.4
Government integrity 13.9 90
Judicial effectiveness 15.4 95.9
Tax burden 73.7 66.1
Government spending 85.8 48
Fiscal health 80.8 72.2
Business freedom 35.8 89.1
Labor freedom 52.4 68.6
Monetary freedom 78.4 77.4
Trade freedom 52.8 90.6
Investment freedom 35 70
Financial freedom 30 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Congo
New Zealand
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Congo New Zealand
2026 48.6 77.8
2025 48.6 78.1
2024 47.8 77.8
2023 48.1 78.9
2022 48.5 80.6
2021 50.7 83.9
2020 41.8 84.1
2019 39.7 84.4
2018 38.9 84.2
2017 40 83.7
2016 42.8 81.6
2015 42.7 82.1
2014 43.7 81.2
2013 43.5 81.4
2012 43.8 82.1
2011 43.6 82.3
2010 43.2 82.1
2009 45.4 82
2008 45.3 80.7
2007 44.4 81.4
2006 43.8 82
2005 46.2 82.3
2004 45.9 81.5
2003 47.7 81.1
2002 45.3 80.7
2001 44.3 81.1
2000 40.6 80.9
1999 41.6 81.7
1998 33.8 79.2
1997 42.2 79
1996 40.3 78.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/new-zealand | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Congo is 48.6, ranking 169/197, compared to 77.8 for New Zealand, ranking 13/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Congo New Zealand
Services, % of GDP
54.3%
2025
68.2%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
35.6%
2025
19.4%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
10.1%
2025
4.01%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$14.8B
2025
$248B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$6,490
2025
$53,600
2025
Total reserves including gold
$759M
2024
$28.2B
2025
Total reserves ranking
147/177
2024
59/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$330M
2021
-$3.58B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$604M
2024
$1.76B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$25.4M
2024
$882M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7.67%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
40.9%
2011
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
29.4%
2025
23.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/congo/new-zealand | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.