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Economy of Equatorial Guinea vs New Zealand compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Equatorial Guinea has a GDP of $12.8B compared to $264B for New Zealand, ranking 150/197 and 53/197 by economy size, respectively.

Equatorial Guinea has $5.21B in government debt (40.6% of GDP), compared to $145B (54.7% of GDP) in New Zealand.

Equatorial Guinea vs New Zealand GDP by year

Equatorial Guinea
New Zealand
1x
Year GDP, current $
Equatorial Guinea New Zealand
2025 $12,823,210,426 $264,057,413,740
2024 $13,254,388,261 $261,497,198,364
2023 $12,541,814,273 $256,372,177,758
2022 $13,687,643,436 $249,723,029,451
2021 $12,215,878,033 $253,732,493,988
2020 $9,893,816,008 $213,318,129,989
2019 $11,364,133,550 $213,088,034,258
2018 $13,097,012,134 $211,726,161,989
2017 $12,200,913,879 $206,561,943,051
2016 $11,240,808,848 $188,980,351,891
2015 $13,185,496,881 $178,147,457,243
2014 $21,765,453,082 $201,435,445,068
2013 $21,948,834,284 $190,943,478,290
2012 $22,388,344,144 $176,508,049,114
2011 $21,357,343,669 $168,458,838,711
2010 $16,314,443,436 $146,887,902,524
2009 $15,027,795,173 $121,663,439,315
2008 $19,749,893,536 $133,437,126,590
2007 $13,071,718,759 $137,188,946,866
2006 $10,086,528,699 $111,538,810,713
2005 $8,217,369,093 $114,720,129,550
2004 $4,410,764,339 $103,905,210,084
2003 $2,484,745,935 $88,250,885,550
2002 $1,806,742,742 $66,627,729,311
2001 $1,461,139,022 $53,872,425,917
2000 $1,045,998,496 $52,623,281,957
1999 $621,117,886 $58,762,260,626
1998 $370,687,634 $56,227,169,851
1997 $442,337,871 $66,075,143,415
1996 $232,463,023 $70,140,835,299
1995 $141,853,361 $63,918,703,507
1994 $100,807,003 $55,314,732,279
1993 $136,047,906 $46,775,620,817
1992 $134,707,184 $41,649,829,860
1991 $110,906,029 $42,745,329,732
1990 $112,119,411 $45,495,129,385
1989 $88,265,975 $43,920,222,525
1988 $100,534,657 $45,176,811,594
1987 $93,345,860 $40,376,354,070
1986 $76,407,396 $30,604,668,357
1985 $62,118,570 $24,679,795,396
1984 $50,320,914 $21,665,975,319
1983 $44,442,457 $24,309,279,706
1982 $44,294,648 $24,164,603,059
1981 $36,731,423 $24,417,617,184
1980 $50,642,881 $23,244,547,385
1979 - $20,731,243,113
1978 - $18,530,518,395
1977 $103,987,520 $15,446,825,318
1976 $103,653,050 $13,604,832,424
1975 $104,295,643 $12,861,983,284
1974 $94,159,863 $13,940,981,798
1973 $81,203,227 $12,802,281,898
1972 $65,429,198 $9,567,331,065
1971 $64,946,955 $7,911,136,757
1970 $66,331,429 $6,495,605,331
1969 $67,225,714 $5,814,357,709
1968 $67,514,286 $5,228,045,415
1967 $72,317,447 $6,016,017,227
1966 $69,110,000 $5,917,437,693
1965 $64,748,333 $5,706,251,400
1964 $51,915,000 $7,340,766,415
1963 $44,266,667 $6,699,741,645
1962 $37,253,333 $6,133,158,532
1961 - $5,721,994,864
1960 - $5,536,098,360

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/new-zealand | CC BY

GDP per capita in Equatorial Guinea vs New Zealand by year

Equatorial Guinea
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
New Zealand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Equatorial Guinea New Zealand
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $6,615 - $49,591 -
2024 $7,004 $17,567 $49,432 $55,551
2023 $6,788 $17,412 $49,302 $54,697
2022 $7,589 $18,140 $49,142 $54,034
2021 $6,946 $16,821 $49,902 $48,249
2020 $5,764 $13,677 $42,055 $45,513
2019 $6,804 $16,451 $42,872 $45,278
2018 $8,102 $18,413 $43,204 $42,527
2017 $7,809 $18,435 $42,912 $42,244
2016 $7,453 $16,649 $40,088 $39,989
2015 $9,069 $19,479 $38,649 $37,513
2014 $15,549 $27,177 $44,600 $37,331
2013 $16,304 $27,910 $42,985 $36,263
2012 $17,309 $30,012 $40,042 $33,055
2011 $17,198 $27,242 $38,426 $32,739
2010 $13,720 $26,168 $33,762 $31,305
2009 $13,233 $29,722 $28,277 $30,746
2008 $18,211 $30,523 $31,325 $29,896
2007 $12,617 $26,611 $32,480 $29,331
2006 $10,185 $23,511 $26,655 $27,732
2005 $8,674 $22,137 $27,751 $25,677
2004 $4,901 $19,354 $25,420 $25,124
2003 $2,931 $14,496 $21,914 $23,996
2002 $2,264 $13,255 $16,874 $23,306
2001 $1,949 $11,627 $13,883 $22,511
2000 $1,487 $7,420 $13,641 $21,500
1999 $931 $6,470 $15,322 $20,579
1998 $578 $5,280 $14,738 $19,323
1997 $717 $4,387 $17,474 $19,100
1996 $392 $1,793 $18,794 $18,392
1995 $248.3 $1,098 $17,400 $17,864
1994 $183.2 $951 $15,280 $17,108
1993 $256.7 $828 $13,094 $15,900
1992 $263.7 $756 $11,793 $14,877
1991 $225.3 $569 $12,230 $14,501
1990 $236.4 $577 $13,663 $14,812
1989 $193.2 - $13,312 -
1988 $228.7 - $13,759 -
1987 $220.9 - $12,331 -
1986 $188.8 - $9,428 -
1985 $161.1 - $7,601 -
1984 $137.9 - $6,714 -
1983 $129.4 - $7,598 -
1982 $137.5 - $7,656 -
1981 $121.1 - $7,814 -
1980 $175.5 - $7,467 -
1979 - - $6,668 -
1978 - - $5,937 -
1977 $376 - $4,951 -
1976 $369 - $4,374 -
1975 $362 - $4,172 -
1974 $319 - $4,611 -
1973 $268.6 - $4,323 -
1972 $211.4 - $3,295 -
1971 $205.6 - $2,773 -
1970 $206.8 - $2,311 -
1969 $208.4 - $2,097 -
1968 $211.7 - $1,902 -
1967 $231.9 - $2,208 -
1966 $226.7 - $2,211 -
1965 $217.1 - $2,171 -
1964 $177.8 - $2,839 -
1963 $154.8 - $2,646 -
1962 $132.9 - $2,471 -
1961 - - $2,365 -
1960 - - $2,334 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/new-zealand | CC BY

Equatorial Guinea's GDP per capita is $6,615, ranking 107/197, compared to $49,591 in New Zealand, ranking 26/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Equatorial Guinea ranks 106th at $17,567, while New Zealand ranks 38th at $55,551.

Economic indicators

Equatorial Guinea New Zealand
Gross domestic product
$12.8B
2025
$264B
2025
GDP rank
150/197
2025
53/197
2025
GDP growth
-5.85%
2024-2025
0.46%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$6,615
2025
$49,591
2025
GDP per capita rank
107/197
2025
26/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$17,567
2024
$55,551
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
106/197
2024
38/197
2024
Government debt
$5.21B
2025
$145B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
40.6%
2025
54.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$2,686
2025
$27,139
2025
Government debt per person rank
109/185
2025
27/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,723
2026
$36,222
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$103B
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
5
2026
Income share by richest 10%
29.1%
2022
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
2.6%
2022
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
20.7%
2025
41.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.8%
2024-2025
2.84%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
8.6%
2014
5.26%
2025
Population
2008950
5380024

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Equatorial Guinea
Spending

Debt
New Zealand
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Equatorial Guinea New Zealand
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 20.7% 40.6% 41.6% 54.7%
2024 18.5% 36.4% 41.7% 51.4%
2023 19.2% 39.1% 41% 47.3%
2022 14.8% 29.8% 41.7% 46.9%
2021 12.7% 42.3% 41.8% 47.5%
2020 16.2% 49.4% 41.9% 43.2%
2019 16.8% 43.2% 38.7% 31.8%
2018 19.1% 40.6% 36.1% 28.1%
2017 20.1% 36.2% 35.6% 31.1%
2016 27.8% 41.1% 36.4% 33.4%
2015 41.6% 31.7% 37.2% 34.2%
2014 31.6% 12.6% 37.6% 34.2%
2013 29.3% 6.27% 38.6% 34.6%
2012 35.2% 7.1% 39.7% 35.7%
2011 27.5% 7.17% 42.3% 34.7%
2010 31.2% 7.89% 42.9% 29.6%
2009 39.8% 4.34% 40.3% 24.3%
2008 19.9% 0.49% 38.4% 19%
2007 19.7% 0.75% 37% 16.3%
2006 18.1% 1.22% 37.8% 18.4%
2005 14.1% 2.85% 37.1% 20.8%
2004 15.5% 4.54% 36.1% 22.5%
2003 11.8% 6.77% 36.6% 24.7%
2002 11.3% 19.4% 36.7% 26.4%
2001 13.5% 25.5% 37.2% 28.2%
2000 22.6% 36.6% 38.2% 30%
1999 18.7% 60.5% 39.2% 32%
1998 35.1% 59.2% 40.1% 34.5%
1997 14.8% 46.3% 39.3% 34.6%
1996 22.9% 91.2% 39.8% 37.3%
1995 141.5% 136.9% 41.6% 43.5%
1994 510% 216% 42.7% 48.9%
1993 256.3% 152.6% 46.7% 54.6%
1992 595% 136.9% 52.4% 58.7%
1991 284.5% 169.5% 52.9% 58%
1990 212.9% 157% 49.5% 55.5%
1989 116.8% 187% 47.8% 54.9%
1988 227.9% 154.5% 46.1% 54.7%
1987 183% 141.3% 46.1% 62.9%
1986 119% 152.5% 46.9% 68.5%
1985 115.4% 183.8% 46.2% 64.1%
1984 - - 40.7% 62.8%
1983 - - 41.4% 59.6%
1982 - - 39.9% 51.5%
1981 - - 39.1% 50.5%
1980 - - 38% 52.2%
1979 - - 38.4% 52%
1978 - - 36.6% 50%
1977 - - 30% 44.6%
1976 - - 31.6% 47.6%
1975 - - 30.1% 41.4%
1974 - - 27.3% 39.6%
1973 - - 27.1% 44%
1972 - - 26.4% 46%
1971 - - 26.8% 71.3%
1970 - - 24.8% 76.5%
1969 - - 25.9% 85.8%
1968 - - 26.2% 86.5%
1967 - - 26% 59.7%
1966 - - 25% 58.2%
1965 - - 24.9% 59.6%
1964 - - 19.4% 61.8%
1963 - - 19.4% 64.5%
1962 - - 21.6% 65%
1961 - - 21.1% 64.6%
1960 - - 25.3% 68.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, Equatorial Guinea's government spending was $2.65B, accounting for 20.7% of its GDP, while New Zealand spent $110B, or 41.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 40.6% in Equatorial Guinea and 54.7% in New Zealand, ranking 132/185 and 91/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Equatorial Guinea

New Zealand
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Equatorial Guinea New Zealand
2025 -2.55% -3.86%
2024 -0.55% -3.21%
2023 2.39% -3.22%
2022 11.7% -3.96%
2021 2.65% -3.35%
2020 -1.77% -4.21%
2019 1.82% -2.44%
2018 0.52% 1.31%
2017 -2.59% 1.38%
2016 -10.9% 0.98%
2015 -15.1% 0.37%
2014 -7.54% -0.33%
2013 -4.4% -1.28%
2012 -7.24% -2.18%
2011 0.83% -4.94%
2010 -4.53% -5.49%
2009 -6.47% -1.8%
2008 14.6% 1.48%
2007 17.2% 3.6%
2006 21.8% 4.62%
2005 18.5% 5.13%
2004 9.22% 4.49%
2003 9.99% 3.69%
2002 17.6% 2.56%
2001 14.9% 1.29%
2000 -2.67% 0.18%
1999 -0.19% -1.1%
1998 -7.65% -0.47%
1997 3.21% 1.24%
1996 -6.36% 2.58%
1995 -123.4% 3.7%
1994 -487% 2%
1993 -217.9% -1.51%
1992 -557% -6.25%
1991 -236% -6.12%
1990 -160.2% -2.72%
1989 -76.2% -2.16%
1988 -208.5% -1.88%
1987 -158% -3.43%
1986 -97.3% -5.33%
1985 -89.3% -6.97%
1984 - -8.68%
1983 - -6.64%
1982 - -6.26%
1981 - -6.02%
1980 - -4.9%
1979 - -6.55%
1978 - -3.41%
1977 - -1.09%
1976 - -2.07%
1975 - 0.11%
1974 - 0.03%
1973 - -0.07%
1972 - 0.12%
1971 - 0.09%
1970 - -0.05%
1969 - 0.17%
1968 - 0.03%
1967 - 0.02%
1966 - 0.09%
1965 - 0.26%
1964 - -0.08%
1963 - -0.26%
1962 - 0.02%
1961 - 0.03%
1960 - 0.05%
1959 - 0.03%
1958 - -0.02%
1957 - 0.32%
1956 - 1.33%
1955 - 0.73%
1954 - 0.22%
1953 - 0.43%
1952 - 1.73%
1951 - 1.17%
1950 - 0.78%
1949 - 0.53%
1948 - 0.36%
1947 - 1.07%
1946 - 0.31%
1945 - 0.32%
1944 - 0.59%
1943 - 1.24%
1942 - 0.56%
1941 - 0.64%
1940 - 0.13%
1939 - 0.34%
1938 - 0.38%
1937 - 0.23%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 1.19%
1934 - -0.55%
1933 - 0.02%
1932 - -1.77%
1931 - -1.12%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.37%
1928 - 0.12%
1927 - 0.4%
1926 - 0.72%
1925 - 0.78%
1924 - 1.2%
1923 - 0.95%
1922 - -0.2%
1921 - 3.55%
1920 - 1.51%
1919 - 2.9%
1918 - 4.35%
1917 - 3.89%
1916 - 1.46%
1915 - 0.06%
1914 - 0.45%
1913 - 0.79%
1912 - 0.89%
1911 - 1.24%
1910 - 0.36%
1909 - 0.31%
1908 - 1.26%
1907 - 1.13%
1906 - 0.97%
1905 - 1.41%
1904 - 1.42%
1903 - 0.55%
1902 - 0.63%
1901 - 1.11%
1900 - 1.59%
1899 - 1.15%
1898 - 1.38%
1897 - 0.86%
1896 - 0.65%
1895 - 0.32%
1894 - 0.76%
1893 - 1.14%
1892 - 0.09%
1891 - 0.46%
1890 - 0.05%
1889 - 0.59%
1888 - -1.64%
1887 - -1.63%
1886 - -0.53%
1885 - -0.47%
1884 - -0.1%
1883 - 0.38%
1882 - 0.18%
1881 - -2.33%
1880 - -2.39%
1879 - -0.55%
1878 - -0.85%
1877 - -2.53%
1876 - -5.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, Equatorial Guinea's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $327M, equivalent to 2.55% of GDP. This compares to New Zealand's deficit of $10.2B, or 3.86% of GDP.

Over the past 41 years, Equatorial Guinea recorded a fiscal deficit in 26 of those years, while New Zealand ran a deficit in 24 years. On average, Equatorial Guinea posted an annual deficit equal to 57.2% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.92% of GDP for New Zealand.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Equatorial Guinea

New Zealand
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Equatorial Guinea New Zealand
2025 2.8% 2.84%
2024 3.4% 2.92%
2023 2.4% 5.73%
2022 4.9% 7.17%
2021 -0.1% 3.94%
2020 4.8% 1.71%
2019 1.2% 1.62%
2018 1.3% 1.6%
2017 0.7% 1.85%
2016 1.4% 0.65%
2015 1.7% 0.29%
2014 4.3% 1.23%
2013 3.2% 1.13%
2012 3.4% 1.06%
2011 4.8% 4.03%
2010 5.3% 2.3%
2009 5.7% 2.12%
2008 4.7% 3.96%
2007 2.8% 2.38%
2006 4.5% 3.37%
2005 5.6% 3.04%
2004 4.2% 2.29%
2003 7.3% 1.75%
2002 7.6% 2.68%
2001 8.7% 2.63%
2000 4.8% 2.62%
1999 0.4% -0.11%
1998 7.9% 1.27%
1997 3% 1.19%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/new-zealand | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Equatorial Guinea has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.89%, compared with 2.39% in New Zealand. In 2025, inflation was 2.8% in Equatorial Guinea and 2.84% in New Zealand.

Top exports between countries

Equatorial Guinea
Export category Export value
New Zealand
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $2.5M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $394K
Raw materials & minerals $7K
Machinery & equipment $2K

Balance of trade

Equatorial Guinea New Zealand
Current account balance
-$344M
1996
-$9.56B
2025
Current account balance ranking
98/190
1996
174/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-148%
1996
-3.62%
2025
Goods imports
$292M
1996
$48.2B
2025
Goods exports
$175M
1996
$47.2B
2025
Service imports
$185M
1996
$20.3B
2025
Service exports
$4.88M
1996
$19.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
28.4%
2025
26%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
46.5%
2025
24.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Equatorial Guinea New Zealand
Economic freedom 47.4 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 175/197 13/197
Property rights 16.9 85.4
Government integrity 6.9 90
Judicial effectiveness 7.2 95.9
Tax burden 81 66.1
Government spending 90.8 48
Fiscal health 97.3 72.2
Business freedom 35.9 89.1
Labor freedom 45.2 68.6
Monetary freedom 73.5 77.4
Trade freedom 43.6 90.6
Investment freedom 40 70
Financial freedom 30 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Equatorial Guinea
New Zealand
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Equatorial Guinea New Zealand
2026 47.4 77.8
2025 47.7 78.1
2024 47.7 77.8
2023 48.3 78.9
2022 47.2 80.6
2021 49.2 83.9
2020 48.3 84.1
2019 41 84.4
2018 42 84.2
2017 45 83.7
2016 43.7 81.6
2015 40.4 82.1
2014 44.4 81.2
2013 42.3 81.4
2012 42.8 82.1
2011 47.5 82.3
2010 48.6 82.1
2009 51.3 82
2008 51.6 80.7
2007 53.2 81.4
2006 51.5 82
2005 53.3 82.3
2004 53.3 81.5
2003 53.1 81.1
2002 46.4 80.7
2001 47.9 81.1
2000 45.6 80.9
1999 45.1 81.7
1998 - 79.2
1997 - 79
1996 - 78.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/new-zealand | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Equatorial Guinea is 47.4, ranking 175/197, compared to 77.8 for New Zealand, ranking 13/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Equatorial Guinea New Zealand
Services, % of GDP
55.5%
2025
68.2%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
41.4%
2025
19.4%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.21%
2025
4.01%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$11.4B
2025
$248B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$14,610
2025
$53,600
2025
Total reserves including gold
$1.08B
2024
$28.2B
2025
Total reserves ranking
141/177
2024
59/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$376M
1996
-$3.58B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$188M
2024
$1.76B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$154M
2024
$882M
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
50.7%
2022
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
-3.68%
2025
23.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/new-zealand | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.