Skip to content

Economy of Bahamas vs New Zealand compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

The Bahamas has a GDP of $15.8B compared to $264B for New Zealand, ranking 145/197 and 53/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Bahamas has $11.7B in government debt (73.8% of GDP), compared to $145B (54.7% of GDP) in New Zealand.

Bahamas vs New Zealand GDP by year

Bahamas
New Zealand
1x
Year GDP, current $
Bahamas New Zealand
2025 - $264,057,413,740
2024 $15,832,800,000 $261,497,198,364
2023 $15,271,300,000 $256,372,177,758
2022 $13,896,800,000 $249,723,029,451
2021 $12,037,000,000 $253,732,493,988
2020 $10,363,200,000 $213,318,129,989
2019 $13,277,000,000 $213,088,034,258
2018 $12,819,200,000 $211,726,161,989
2017 $12,446,900,000 $206,561,943,051
2016 $11,880,900,000 $188,980,351,891
2015 $11,837,600,000 $178,147,457,243
2014 $11,139,100,000 $201,435,445,068
2013 $10,475,300,000 $190,943,478,290
2012 $10,720,400,000 $176,508,049,114
2011 $10,070,450,000 $168,458,838,711
2010 $10,095,760,000 $146,887,902,524
2009 $9,981,960,000 $121,663,439,315
2008 $10,526,000,000 $133,437,126,590
2007 $10,618,340,000 $137,188,946,866
2006 $10,167,250,000 $111,538,810,713
2005 $9,836,200,000 $114,720,129,550
2004 $9,055,290,000 $103,905,210,084
2003 $8,870,090,000 $88,250,885,550
2002 $8,881,160,000 $66,627,729,311
2001 $8,317,830,000 $53,872,425,917
2000 $8,076,470,000 $52,623,281,957
1999 $7,683,870,000 $58,762,260,626
1998 $6,833,220,000 $56,227,169,851
1997 $6,332,360,000 $66,075,143,415
1996 $3,609,000,000 $70,140,835,299
1995 $3,429,000,000 $63,918,703,507
1994 $3,259,000,000 $55,314,732,279
1993 $3,092,000,000 $46,775,620,817
1992 $3,109,000,000 $41,649,829,860
1991 $3,111,160,000 $42,745,329,732
1990 $3,166,000,000 $45,495,129,385
1989 $3,062,000,000 $43,920,222,525
1988 $2,817,900,000 $45,176,811,594
1987 $2,713,999,900 $40,376,354,070
1986 $2,472,500,000 $30,604,668,357
1985 $2,320,699,900 $24,679,795,396
1984 $2,041,100,000 $21,665,975,319
1983 $1,732,800,000 $24,309,279,706
1982 $1,578,300,000 $24,164,603,059
1981 $1,426,500,000 $24,417,617,184
1980 $1,335,300,000 $23,244,547,385
1979 $1,139,800,100 $20,731,243,113
1978 $832,400,000 $18,530,518,395
1977 $713,000,000 $15,446,825,318
1976 $642,100,000 $13,604,832,424
1975 $596,200,000 $12,861,983,284
1974 $632,400,000 $13,940,981,798
1973 $670,900,000 $12,802,281,898
1972 $590,900,000 $9,567,331,065
1971 $573,400,000 $7,911,136,757
1970 $539,500,000 $6,495,605,331
1969 $538,700,000 $5,814,357,709
1968 $453,800,000 $5,228,045,415
1967 $398,000,000 $6,016,017,227
1966 $346,800,000 $5,917,437,693
1965 $300,272,048 $5,706,251,400
1964 $266,560,043 $7,340,766,415
1963 $237,650,038 $6,699,741,645
1962 $212,170,034 $6,133,158,532
1961 $190,022,030 $5,721,994,864
1960 $169,736,027 $5,536,098,360

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/new-zealand | CC BY

GDP per capita in Bahamas vs New Zealand by year

Bahamas
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
New Zealand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Bahamas New Zealand
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 - - $49,591 -
2024 $39,455 $41,198 $49,432 $55,551
2023 $38,232 $39,090 $49,302 $54,697
2022 $34,957 $36,791 $49,142 $54,034
2021 $30,368 $31,065 $49,902 $48,249
2020 $26,179 $27,205 $42,055 $45,513
2019 $33,640 $36,116 $42,872 $45,278
2018 $32,642 $35,228 $43,204 $42,527
2017 $31,875 $34,282 $42,912 $42,244
2016 $30,617 $32,285 $40,088 $39,989
2015 $30,719 $32,138 $38,649 $37,513
2014 $29,137 $31,726 $44,600 $37,331
2013 $27,643 $30,294 $42,985 $36,263
2012 $28,552 $31,036 $40,042 $33,055
2011 $27,091 $30,074 $38,426 $32,739
2010 $27,473 $29,625 $33,762 $31,305
2009 $27,513 $29,197 $28,277 $30,746
2008 $29,392 $30,679 $31,325 $29,896
2007 $30,052 $31,232 $32,480 $29,331
2006 $29,185 $30,402 $26,655 $27,732
2005 $28,602 $29,143 $27,751 $25,677
2004 $26,650 $27,660 $25,420 $25,124
2003 $26,429 $27,031 $21,914 $23,996
2002 $26,782 $27,171 $16,874 $23,306
2001 $25,372 $26,351 $13,883 $22,511
2000 $24,940 $25,422 $13,641 $21,500
1999 $24,041 $24,184 $15,322 $20,579
1998 $21,667 $22,556 $14,738 $19,323
1997 $20,368 $21,606 $17,474 $19,100
1996 $11,784 $21,287 $18,794 $18,392
1995 $11,375 $20,377 $17,400 $17,864
1994 $10,991 $19,441 $15,280 $17,108
1993 $10,613 $18,781 $13,094 $15,900
1992 $10,873 $18,636 $11,793 $14,877
1991 $11,082 $19,296 $12,230 $14,501
1990 $11,473 $19,817 $13,663 $14,812
1989 $11,291 - $13,312 -
1988 $10,576 - $13,759 -
1987 $10,361 - $12,331 -
1986 $9,601 - $9,428 -
1985 $9,167 - $7,601 -
1984 $8,202 - $6,714 -
1983 $7,081 - $7,598 -
1982 $6,559 - $7,656 -
1981 $6,029 - $7,814 -
1980 $5,743 - $7,467 -
1979 $4,994 - $6,668 -
1978 $3,720 - $5,937 -
1977 $3,253 - $4,951 -
1976 $2,993 - $4,374 -
1975 $2,841 - $4,172 -
1974 $3,080 - $4,611 -
1973 $3,341 - $4,323 -
1972 $3,014 - $3,295 -
1971 $3,004 - $2,773 -
1970 $2,916 - $2,311 -
1969 $3,027 - $2,097 -
1968 $2,668 - $1,902 -
1967 $2,453 - $2,208 -
1966 $2,239 - $2,211 -
1965 $2,030 - $2,171 -
1964 $1,883 - $2,839 -
1963 $1,759 - $2,646 -
1962 $1,651 - $2,471 -
1961 $1,555 - $2,365 -
1960 $1,459 - $2,334 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/new-zealand | CC BY

The Bahamas' GDP per capita is $39,455, ranking 30/197, compared to $49,591 in New Zealand, ranking 26/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Bahamas ranks 57th at $41,198, while New Zealand ranks 38th at $55,551.

Economic indicators

Bahamas New Zealand
Gross domestic product
$15.8B
2024
$264B
2025
GDP rank
145/197
2024
53/197
2025
GDP growth
3.38%
2023-2024
0.46%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$39,455
2024
$49,591
2025
GDP per capita rank
30/197
2024
26/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$41,198
2024
$55,551
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
57/197
2024
38/197
2024
Government debt
$11.7B
2024
$145B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
73.8%
2025
54.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$29,123
2024
$27,139
2025
Government debt per person rank
25/185
2024
27/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$36,621
2026
$36,222
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$103B
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
5
2026
Government expenditure, % of GDP
21.5%
2025
41.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.41%
2023-2024
2.84%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4%
2016
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
10.3%
2023
5.26%
2025
Population
405486
5380024

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Bahamas
Spending

Debt
New Zealand
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Bahamas New Zealand
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 21.5% 73.8% 41.6% 54.7%
2024 21% 73.8% 41.7% 51.4%
2023 23.2% 78.3% 41% 47.3%
2022 25.6% 84.7% 41.7% 46.9%
2021 28.9% 90.7% 41.8% 47.5%
2020 24.8% 71.9% 41.9% 43.2%
2019 20.3% 60.3% 38.7% 31.8%
2018 19.4% 61.5% 36.1% 28.1%
2017 23.1% 54.6% 35.6% 31.1%
2016 19.4% 51.1% 36.4% 33.4%
2015 18.4% 49.9% 37.2% 34.2%
2014 18.1% 47.7% 37.6% 34.2%
2013 18.1% 44.2% 38.6% 34.6%
2012 17% 37.6% 39.7% 35.7%
2011 17.1% 35.3% 42.3% 34.7%
2010 15.4% 33.9% 42.9% 29.6%
2009 15.2% 30.1% 40.3% 24.3%
2008 14.3% 25.3% 38.4% 19%
2007 13.6% 23.5% 37% 16.3%
2006 13.2% 23.2% 37.8% 18.4%
2005 12.9% 23% 37.1% 20.8%
2004 12.5% 21.6% 36.1% 22.5%
2003 11.8% 20.8% 36.6% 24.7%
2002 11.6% 19.4% 36.7% 26.4%
2001 11.4% 18.5% 37.2% 28.2%
2000 11.6% 19.2% 38.2% 30%
1999 9.3% 19.8% 39.2% 32%
1998 12% 20.8% 40.1% 34.5%
1997 12.9% 21.5% 39.3% 34.6%
1996 11.5% 20.7% 39.8% 37.3%
1995 11.5% 21% 41.6% 43.5%
1994 11.7% 20.9% 42.7% 48.9%
1993 11.5% 19.7% 46.7% 54.6%
1992 11.8% 17.9% 52.4% 58.7%
1991 11.9% 15.3% 52.9% 58%
1990 11.4% 13.2% 49.5% 55.5%
1989 - - 47.8% 54.9%
1988 - - 46.1% 54.7%
1987 - - 46.1% 62.9%
1986 - - 46.9% 68.5%
1985 - - 46.2% 64.1%
1984 - - 40.7% 62.8%
1983 - - 41.4% 59.6%
1982 - - 39.9% 51.5%
1981 - - 39.1% 50.5%
1980 - - 38% 52.2%
1979 - - 38.4% 52%
1978 - - 36.6% 50%
1977 - - 30% 44.6%
1976 - - 31.6% 47.6%
1975 - - 30.1% 41.4%
1974 - - 27.3% 39.6%
1973 - - 27.1% 44%
1972 - - 26.4% 46%
1971 - - 26.8% 71.3%
1970 - - 24.8% 76.5%
1969 - - 25.9% 85.8%
1968 - - 26.2% 86.5%
1967 - - 26% 59.7%
1966 - - 25% 58.2%
1965 - - 24.9% 59.6%
1964 - - 19.4% 61.8%
1963 - - 19.4% 64.5%
1962 - - 21.6% 65%
1961 - - 21.1% 64.6%
1960 - - 25.3% 68.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, the Bahamas' government spending was $3.32B, accounting for 21.5% of its GDP, while New Zealand spent $110B, or 41.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 73.8% in the Bahamas and 54.7% in New Zealand, ranking 52/185 and 91/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Bahamas

New Zealand
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Bahamas New Zealand
2025 -0.49% -3.86%
2024 -1.2% -3.21%
2023 -3.65% -3.22%
2022 -5.53% -3.96%
2021 -11.9% -3.35%
2020 -7.11% -4.21%
2019 -1.68% -2.44%
2018 -3.28% 1.31%
2017 -6.05% 1.38%
2016 -2.61% 0.98%
2015 -3.34% 0.37%
2014 -4.51% -0.33%
2013 -5.1% -1.28%
2012 -3.25% -2.18%
2011 -2.87% -4.94%
2010 -2.57% -5.49%
2009 -2.39% -1.8%
2008 -0.82% 1.48%
2007 -0.77% 3.6%
2006 -0.44% 4.62%
2005 -1.16% 5.13%
2004 -1.95% 4.49%
2003 -1.63% 3.69%
2002 -1.67% 2.56%
2001 0.3% 1.29%
2000 0.09% 0.18%
1999 1.78% -1.1%
1998 -0.43% -0.47%
1997 -1.6% 1.24%
1996 -0.15% 2.58%
1995 0.18% 3.7%
1994 -0.4% 2%
1993 -1.05% -1.51%
1992 -2.23% -6.25%
1991 -2.27% -6.12%
1990 -2.64% -2.72%
1989 - -2.16%
1988 - -1.88%
1987 - -3.43%
1986 - -5.33%
1985 - -6.97%
1984 - -8.68%
1983 - -6.64%
1982 - -6.26%
1981 - -6.02%
1980 - -4.9%
1979 - -6.55%
1978 - -3.41%
1977 - -1.09%
1976 - -2.07%
1975 - 0.11%
1974 - 0.03%
1973 - -0.07%
1972 - 0.12%
1971 - 0.09%
1970 - -0.05%
1969 - 0.17%
1968 - 0.03%
1967 - 0.02%
1966 - 0.09%
1965 - 0.26%
1964 - -0.08%
1963 - -0.26%
1962 - 0.02%
1961 - 0.03%
1960 - 0.05%
1959 - 0.03%
1958 - -0.02%
1957 - 0.32%
1956 - 1.33%
1955 - 0.73%
1954 - 0.22%
1953 - 0.43%
1952 - 1.73%
1951 - 1.17%
1950 - 0.78%
1949 - 0.53%
1948 - 0.36%
1947 - 1.07%
1946 - 0.31%
1945 - 0.32%
1944 - 0.59%
1943 - 1.24%
1942 - 0.56%
1941 - 0.64%
1940 - 0.13%
1939 - 0.34%
1938 - 0.38%
1937 - 0.23%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 1.19%
1934 - -0.55%
1933 - 0.02%
1932 - -1.77%
1931 - -1.12%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.37%
1928 - 0.12%
1927 - 0.4%
1926 - 0.72%
1925 - 0.78%
1924 - 1.2%
1923 - 0.95%
1922 - -0.2%
1921 - 3.55%
1920 - 1.51%
1919 - 2.9%
1918 - 4.35%
1917 - 3.89%
1916 - 1.46%
1915 - 0.06%
1914 - 0.45%
1913 - 0.79%
1912 - 0.89%
1911 - 1.24%
1910 - 0.36%
1909 - 0.31%
1908 - 1.26%
1907 - 1.13%
1906 - 0.97%
1905 - 1.41%
1904 - 1.42%
1903 - 0.55%
1902 - 0.63%
1901 - 1.11%
1900 - 1.59%
1899 - 1.15%
1898 - 1.38%
1897 - 0.86%
1896 - 0.65%
1895 - 0.32%
1894 - 0.76%
1893 - 1.14%
1892 - 0.09%
1891 - 0.46%
1890 - 0.05%
1889 - 0.59%
1888 - -1.64%
1887 - -1.63%
1886 - -0.53%
1885 - -0.47%
1884 - -0.1%
1883 - 0.38%
1882 - 0.18%
1881 - -2.33%
1880 - -2.39%
1879 - -0.55%
1878 - -0.85%
1877 - -2.53%
1876 - -5.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2024, the Bahamas' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $190M, equivalent to 1.2% of GDP. This compares to New Zealand's deficit of $8.39B, or 3.21% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, the Bahamas recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while New Zealand ran a deficit in 18 years. On average, the Bahamas posted an annual deficit equal to 2.4% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.4% of GDP for New Zealand.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Bahamas

New Zealand
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Bahamas New Zealand
2025 - 2.84%
2024 0.41% 2.92%
2023 3.05% 5.73%
2022 5.61% 7.17%
2021 2.9% 3.94%
2020 0.04% 1.71%
2019 2.49% 1.62%
2018 2.27% 1.6%
2017 1.52% 1.85%
2016 -0.35% 0.65%
2015 1.86% 0.29%
2014 1.51% 1.23%
2013 0.72% 1.13%
2012 1.97% 1.06%
2011 3.2% 4.03%
2010 1.34% 2.3%
2009 2.06% 2.12%
2008 4.49% 3.96%
2007 2.49% 2.38%
2006 2.39% 3.37%
2005 1.59% 3.04%
2004 0.98% 2.29%
2003 3.03% 1.75%
2002 2.17% 2.68%
2001 2.04% 2.63%
2000 1.61% 2.62%
1999 1.25% -0.11%
1998 1.34% 1.27%
1997 0.54% 1.19%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/new-zealand | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, the Bahamas has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.95%, compared with 2.37% in New Zealand. In 2024, inflation was 0.41% in the Bahamas and 2.84% in New Zealand.

Top exports between countries

Bahamas
Export category Export value
New Zealand
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $1.67M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $243K
Transport & tourism services $200K
Chemicals & pharma $96K
Metals $60K
Raw agricultural goods $33K
Machinery & equipment $23K
Precious metals & jewellery $16K
Raw materials & minerals $5K
Textiles & consumer goods $5K

Balance of trade

Bahamas New Zealand
Current account balance
-$1.05B
2024
-$9.56B
2025
Current account balance ranking
120/190
2024
174/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-6.65%
2024
-3.62%
2025
Goods imports
$4.6B
2024
$48.2B
2025
Goods exports
$874M
2024
$47.2B
2025
Service imports
$2.47B
2024
$20.3B
2025
Service exports
$5.9B
2024
$19.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.5%
2024
26%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
37.8%
2024
24.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Bahamas New Zealand
Economic freedom 65.1 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 66/197 13/197
Property rights 62.7 85.4
Government integrity 67.1 90
Judicial effectiveness 79.8 95.9
Tax burden 96.1 66.1
Government spending 83.8 48
Fiscal health 9.1 72.2
Business freedom 69.4 89.1
Labor freedom 66.5 68.6
Monetary freedom 77.2 77.4
Trade freedom 59.4 90.6
Investment freedom 50 70
Financial freedom 60 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Bahamas
New Zealand
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Bahamas New Zealand
2026 65.1 77.8
2025 63.2 78.1
2024 62.5 77.8
2023 62.6 78.9
2022 68.7 80.6
2021 64.6 83.9
2020 64.5 84.1
2019 62.9 84.4
2018 63.3 84.2
2017 61.1 83.7
2016 70.9 81.6
2015 68.7 82.1
2014 69.8 81.2
2013 70.1 81.4
2012 68 82.1
2011 68 82.3
2010 67.3 82.1
2009 70.3 82
2008 71.1 80.7
2007 72 81.4
2006 72.3 82
2005 72.6 82.3
2004 72.1 81.5
2003 73.5 81.1
2002 74.4 80.7
2001 74.8 81.1
2000 73.9 80.9
1999 74.7 81.7
1998 74.5 79.2
1997 74.5 79
1996 74 78.1
1995 71.8 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/new-zealand | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Bahamas is 65.1, ranking 66/197, compared to 77.8 for New Zealand, ranking 13/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Bahamas New Zealand
Services, % of GDP
77.2%
2024
68.2%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
9.63%
2024
19.4%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.51%
2024
4.01%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$14.9B
2024
$248B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$39,610
2024
$53,600
2025
Total reserves including gold
$2.63B
2024
$28.2B
2025
Total reserves ranking
123/177
2024
59/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$77.6M
2024
-$3.58B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$241M
2024
$1.76B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$163M
2024
$882M
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.3%
2020
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
26.8%
2024
23.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/new-zealand | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.