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Economy of Lebanon vs New Zealand compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Lebanon has a GDP of $26B compared to $264B for New Zealand, ranking 121/197 and 53/197 by economy size, respectively.

Lebanon has $41B in government debt (139.4% of GDP), compared to $145B (54.7% of GDP) in New Zealand.

Lebanon vs New Zealand GDP by year

Lebanon
New Zealand
1x
Year GDP, current $
Lebanon New Zealand
2025 - $264,057,413,740
2024 $25,971,643,441 $261,497,198,364
2023 $20,078,620,357 $256,372,177,758
2022 $20,992,421,949 $249,723,029,451
2021 $23,131,941,557 $253,732,493,988
2020 $31,712,128,254 $213,318,129,989
2019 $51,605,959,131 $213,088,034,258
2018 $54,901,519,156 $211,726,161,989
2017 $53,027,680,686 $206,561,943,051
2016 $51,147,308,774 $188,980,351,891
2015 $49,929,337,837 $178,147,457,243
2014 $48,095,213,747 $201,435,445,068
2013 $46,880,103,081 $190,943,478,290
2012 $44,016,799,516 $176,508,049,114
2011 $39,927,125,962 $168,458,838,711
2010 $38,443,907,042 $146,887,902,524
2009 $35,399,582,929 $121,663,439,315
2008 $29,118,916,105 $133,437,126,590
2007 $24,827,355,015 $137,188,946,866
2006 $22,022,709,851 $111,538,810,713
2005 $21,497,336,499 $114,720,129,550
2004 $21,159,827,992 $103,905,210,084
2003 $20,082,918,740 $88,250,885,550
2002 $19,152,238,806 $66,627,729,311
2001 $17,649,751,244 $53,872,425,917
2000 $17,260,364,842 $52,623,281,957
1999 $17,391,056,369 $58,762,260,626
1998 $17,247,179,006 $56,227,169,851
1997 $15,751,867,489 $66,075,143,415
1996 $13,690,217,334 $70,140,835,299
1995 $11,718,795,529 $63,918,703,507
1994 $9,599,127,050 $55,314,732,279
1993 $7,941,744,492 $46,775,620,817
1992 $5,843,579,161 $41,649,829,860
1991 $4,690,415,093 $42,745,329,732
1990 $2,838,485,354 $45,495,129,385
1989 $2,717,998,688 $43,920,222,525
1988 $3,313,540,068 $45,176,811,594
1987 - $40,376,354,070
1986 - $30,604,668,357
1985 - $24,679,795,396
1984 - $21,665,975,319
1983 - $24,309,279,706
1982 - $24,164,603,059
1981 - $24,417,617,184
1980 - $23,244,547,385
1979 - $20,731,243,113
1978 - $18,530,518,395
1977 - $15,446,825,318
1976 - $13,604,832,424
1975 - $12,861,983,284
1974 - $13,940,981,798
1973 - $12,802,281,898
1972 - $9,567,331,065
1971 - $7,911,136,757
1970 - $6,495,605,331
1969 - $5,814,357,709
1968 - $5,228,045,415
1967 - $6,016,017,227
1966 - $5,917,437,693
1965 - $5,706,251,400
1964 - $7,340,766,415
1963 - $6,699,741,645
1962 - $6,133,158,532
1961 - $5,721,994,864
1960 - $5,536,098,360

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/lebanon/new-zealand | CC BY

GDP per capita in Lebanon vs New Zealand by year

Lebanon
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
New Zealand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Lebanon New Zealand
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 - - $49,591 -
2024 $4,473 - $49,432 $55,551
2023 $3,478 $12,575 $49,302 $54,697
2022 $3,654 $12,293 $49,142 $54,034
2021 $4,045 $11,600 $49,902 $48,249
2020 $5,561 $16,260 $42,055 $45,513
2019 $8,906 $21,710 $42,872 $45,278
2018 $9,175 $21,985 $43,204 $42,527
2017 $8,608 $20,964 $42,912 $42,244
2016 $8,089 $18,941 $40,088 $39,989
2015 $7,714 $17,046 $38,649 $37,513
2014 $7,578 $16,140 $44,600 $37,331
2013 $8,162 $16,316 $42,985 $36,263
2012 $8,407 $16,121 $40,042 $33,055
2011 $7,835 $14,975 $38,426 $32,739
2010 $7,626 $14,704 $33,762 $31,305
2009 $7,091 $13,586 $28,277 $30,746
2008 $5,912 $12,416 $31,325 $29,896
2007 $5,125 $11,356 $32,480 $29,331
2006 $4,635 $10,312 $26,655 $27,732
2005 $4,602 $10,020 $27,751 $25,677
2004 $4,601 $9,609 $25,420 $25,124
2003 $4,438 $8,914 $21,914 $23,996
2002 $4,291 $8,586 $16,874 $23,306
2001 $4,010 $8,289 $13,883 $22,511
2000 $3,987 $7,938 $13,641 $21,500
1999 $4,087 $7,793 $15,322 $20,579
1998 $4,125 $7,861 $14,738 $19,323
1997 $3,834 $7,632 $17,474 $19,100
1996 $3,393 $7,560 $18,794 $18,392
1995 $2,959 $6,796 $17,400 $17,864
1994 $2,468 $6,367 $15,280 $17,108
1993 $2,079 $5,871 $13,094 $15,900
1992 $1,559 $5,279 $11,793 $14,877
1991 $1,278 $4,527 $12,230 $14,501
1990 $790 $2,990 $13,663 $14,812
1989 $771 - $13,312 -
1988 $959 - $13,759 -
1987 - - $12,331 -
1986 - - $9,428 -
1985 - - $7,601 -
1984 - - $6,714 -
1983 - - $7,598 -
1982 - - $7,656 -
1981 - - $7,814 -
1980 - - $7,467 -
1979 - - $6,668 -
1978 - - $5,937 -
1977 - - $4,951 -
1976 - - $4,374 -
1975 - - $4,172 -
1974 - - $4,611 -
1973 - - $4,323 -
1972 - - $3,295 -
1971 - - $2,773 -
1970 - - $2,311 -
1969 - - $2,097 -
1968 - - $1,902 -
1967 - - $2,208 -
1966 - - $2,211 -
1965 - - $2,171 -
1964 - - $2,839 -
1963 - - $2,646 -
1962 - - $2,471 -
1961 - - $2,365 -
1960 - - $2,334 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/lebanon/new-zealand | CC BY

Lebanon's GDP per capita is $4,473, ranking 129/197, compared to $49,591 in New Zealand, ranking 26/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Lebanon ranks 123rd at $12,575, while New Zealand ranks 38th at $55,551.

Economic indicators

Lebanon New Zealand
Gross domestic product
$26B
2024
$264B
2025
GDP rank
121/197
2024
53/197
2025
GDP growth
-7.08%
2023-2024
0.46%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$4,473
2024
$49,591
2025
GDP per capita rank
129/197
2024
26/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$12,575
2023
$55,551
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
123/197
2023
38/197
2024
Government debt
$41B
2024
$145B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
139.4%
2025
54.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$7,061
2024
$27,139
2025
Government debt per person rank
71/185
2024
27/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$3,055
2026
$36,222
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$10.6B
2021
$103B
2025
Number of billionaires
6
2026
5
2026
Income share by richest 10%
25.6%
2022
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2022
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
15.5%
2025
41.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
14.6%
2024-2025
2.84%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
20%
2023
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
11.3%
2019
5.26%
2025
Population
5921719
5380024

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Lebanon
Spending

Debt
New Zealand
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Lebanon New Zealand
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 15.5% 139.4% 41.6% 54.7%
2024 15.3% 157.9% 41.7% 51.4%
2023 14.3% 185.8% 41% 47.3%
2022 12.9% 235.9% 41.7% 46.9%
2021 10.5% 346% 41.8% 47.5%
2020 24.5% 157.2% 41.9% 43.2%
2019 31.3% 171.9% 38.7% 31.8%
2018 32.1% 154% 36.1% 28.1%
2017 30.7% 150.4% 35.6% 31.1%
2016 28.6% 147.9% 36.4% 33.4%
2015 26.7% 140.9% 37.2% 34.2%
2014 28.9% 138.5% 37.6% 34.2%
2013 28.9% 135.4% 38.6% 34.6%
2012 30.2% 131.1% 39.7% 35.7%
2011 28.8% 134.4% 42.3% 34.7%
2010 29.2% 136.8% 42.9% 29.6%
2009 32.1% 144.5% 40.3% 24.3%
2008 34.3% 161.5% 38.4% 19%
2007 35.2% 169.3% 37% 16.3%
2006 36.1% 183.3% 37.8% 18.4%
2005 31.4% 178.9% 37.1% 20.8%
2004 33.3% 169.5% 36.1% 22.5%
2003 36.4% 171.3% 36.6% 24.7%
2002 36.8% 163.1% 36.7% 26.4%
2001 38.9% 163.1% 37.2% 28.2%
2000 42.8% 148.1% 38.2% 30%
1999 35.6% 130.2% 39.2% 32%
1998 34.7% 108.2% 40.1% 34.5%
1997 40.5% 100.2% 39.3% 34.6%
1996 43.6% 101.2% 39.8% 37.3%
1995 31.1% 79.6% 41.6% 43.5%
1994 47.3% 71.5% 42.7% 48.9%
1993 23% 50.5% 46.7% 54.6%
1992 36.1% 51.7% 52.4% 58.7%
1991 35.6% 67.1% 52.9% 58%
1990 40% 99.7% 49.5% 55.5%
1989 - - 47.8% 54.9%
1988 - - 46.1% 54.7%
1987 - - 46.1% 62.9%
1986 - - 46.9% 68.5%
1985 - - 46.2% 64.1%
1984 - - 40.7% 62.8%
1983 - - 41.4% 59.6%
1982 - - 39.9% 51.5%
1981 - - 39.1% 50.5%
1980 - - 38% 52.2%
1979 - - 38.4% 52%
1978 - - 36.6% 50%
1977 - - 30% 44.6%
1976 - - 31.6% 47.6%
1975 - - 30.1% 41.4%
1974 - - 27.3% 39.6%
1973 - - 27.1% 44%
1972 - - 26.4% 46%
1971 - - 26.8% 71.3%
1970 - - 24.8% 76.5%
1969 - - 25.9% 85.8%
1968 - - 26.2% 86.5%
1967 - - 26% 59.7%
1966 - - 25% 58.2%
1965 - - 24.9% 59.6%
1964 - - 19.4% 61.8%
1963 - - 19.4% 64.5%
1962 - - 21.6% 65%
1961 - - 21.1% 64.6%
1960 - - 25.3% 68.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/lebanon/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, Lebanon's government spending was $3.98B, accounting for 15.5% of its GDP, while New Zealand spent $110B, or 41.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 139.4% in Lebanon and 54.7% in New Zealand, ranking 8/185 and 91/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Lebanon

New Zealand
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Lebanon New Zealand
2025 3.25% -3.86%
2024 0.39% -3.21%
2023 -1.64% -3.22%
2022 -7.49% -3.96%
2021 -2.57% -3.35%
2020 -7.79% -4.21%
2019 -10.5% -2.44%
2018 -11.2% 1.31%
2017 -8.68% 1.38%
2016 -8.98% 0.98%
2015 -7.49% 0.37%
2014 -6.22% -0.33%
2013 -8.83% -1.28%
2012 -8.43% -2.18%
2011 -5.94% -4.94%
2010 -7.47% -5.49%
2009 -8.1% -1.8%
2008 -9.86% 1.48%
2007 -10.9% 3.6%
2006 -10.6% 4.62%
2005 -8.57% 5.13%
2004 -9.83% 4.49%
2003 -14% 3.69%
2002 -16.2% 2.56%
2001 -21% 1.29%
2000 -23.9% 0.18%
1999 -16.7% -1.1%
1998 -17.3% -0.47%
1997 -24.5% 1.24%
1996 -25.7% 2.58%
1995 -13.6% 3.7%
1994 -29.1% 2%
1993 -7.19% -1.51%
1992 -24% -6.25%
1991 -19.5% -6.12%
1990 -30.2% -2.72%
1989 - -2.16%
1988 - -1.88%
1987 - -3.43%
1986 - -5.33%
1985 - -6.97%
1984 - -8.68%
1983 - -6.64%
1982 - -6.26%
1981 - -6.02%
1980 - -4.9%
1979 - -6.55%
1978 - -3.41%
1977 - -1.09%
1976 - -2.07%
1975 - 0.11%
1974 - 0.03%
1973 - -0.07%
1972 - 0.12%
1971 - 0.09%
1970 - -0.05%
1969 - 0.17%
1968 - 0.03%
1967 - 0.02%
1966 - 0.09%
1965 - 0.26%
1964 - -0.08%
1963 - -0.26%
1962 - 0.02%
1961 - 0.03%
1960 - 0.05%
1959 - 0.03%
1958 - -0.02%
1957 - 0.32%
1956 - 1.33%
1955 - 0.73%
1954 - 0.22%
1953 - 0.43%
1952 - 1.73%
1951 - 1.17%
1950 - 0.78%
1949 - 0.53%
1948 - 0.36%
1947 - 1.07%
1946 - 0.31%
1945 - 0.32%
1944 - 0.59%
1943 - 1.24%
1942 - 0.56%
1941 - 0.64%
1940 - 0.13%
1939 - 0.34%
1938 - 0.38%
1937 - 0.23%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 1.19%
1934 - -0.55%
1933 - 0.02%
1932 - -1.77%
1931 - -1.12%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.37%
1928 - 0.12%
1927 - 0.4%
1926 - 0.72%
1925 - 0.78%
1924 - 1.2%
1923 - 0.95%
1922 - -0.2%
1921 - 3.55%
1920 - 1.51%
1919 - 2.9%
1918 - 4.35%
1917 - 3.89%
1916 - 1.46%
1915 - 0.06%
1914 - 0.45%
1913 - 0.79%
1912 - 0.89%
1911 - 1.24%
1910 - 0.36%
1909 - 0.31%
1908 - 1.26%
1907 - 1.13%
1906 - 0.97%
1905 - 1.41%
1904 - 1.42%
1903 - 0.55%
1902 - 0.63%
1901 - 1.11%
1900 - 1.59%
1899 - 1.15%
1898 - 1.38%
1897 - 0.86%
1896 - 0.65%
1895 - 0.32%
1894 - 0.76%
1893 - 1.14%
1892 - 0.09%
1891 - 0.46%
1890 - 0.05%
1889 - 0.59%
1888 - -1.64%
1887 - -1.63%
1886 - -0.53%
1885 - -0.47%
1884 - -0.1%
1883 - 0.38%
1882 - 0.18%
1881 - -2.33%
1880 - -2.39%
1879 - -0.55%
1878 - -0.85%
1877 - -2.53%
1876 - -5.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/lebanon/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2024, Lebanon's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $102M, equivalent to 0.39% of GDP. This compares to New Zealand's deficit of $8.39B, or 3.21% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Lebanon recorded a fiscal deficit in 34 of those years, while New Zealand ran a deficit in 18 years. On average, Lebanon posted an annual deficit equal to 12.7% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.4% of GDP for New Zealand.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Lebanon

New Zealand
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Lebanon New Zealand
2025 14.6% 2.84%
2024 45.2% 2.92%
2023 221.3% 5.73%
2022 171.2% 7.17%
2021 154.8% 3.94%
2020 84.9% 1.71%
2019 2.9% 1.62%
2018 6.1% 1.6%
2017 4.4% 1.85%
2016 -0.8% 0.65%
2015 -3.7% 0.29%
2014 1.9% 1.23%
2013 4.8% 1.13%
2012 6.6% 1.06%
2011 5% 4.03%
2010 4% 2.3%
2009 1.2% 2.12%
2008 10.7% 3.96%
2007 4.1% 2.38%
2006 4.1% 3.37%
2005 -1.4% 3.04%
2004 1.7% 2.29%
2003 1.3% 1.75%
2002 1.8% 2.68%
2001 -0.4% 2.63%
2000 -0.4% 2.62%
1999 0.2% -0.11%
1998 4.5% 1.27%
1997 7.7% 1.19%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/lebanon/new-zealand | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Lebanon has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 26.1%, compared with 2.39% in New Zealand. In 2025, inflation was 14.6% in Lebanon and 2.84% in New Zealand.

Top exports between countries

Lebanon
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $654K
Machinery & equipment $474K
Animal & marine products $100K
Chemicals & pharma $80K
Textiles & consumer goods $74K
Raw agricultural goods $41K
Miscellaneous $9K
Metals $1K
New Zealand
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $4.17M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.75M
Machinery & equipment $638K
Chemicals & pharma $339K
Transport & tourism services $100K
Metals $82K
Wood & paper products $36K
Raw agricultural goods $27K
Textiles & consumer goods $26K
Precious metals & jewellery $10K

Balance of trade

Lebanon New Zealand
Current account balance
-$5.64B
2023
-$9.56B
2025
Current account balance ranking
166/190
2023
174/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-28.1%
2023
-3.62%
2025
Goods imports
$16.7B
2023
$48.2B
2025
Goods exports
$3.85B
2023
$47.2B
2025
Service imports
$6.63B
2023
$20.3B
2025
Service exports
$7.92B
2023
$19.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
58.9%
2024
26%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
23.3%
2024
24.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Lebanon New Zealand
Economic freedom 43.1 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 183/197 13/197
Property rights 21.8 85.4
Government integrity 23.4 90
Judicial effectiveness 23.8 95.9
Tax burden 90.3 66.1
Government spending 93.3 48
Fiscal health 63.4 72.2
Business freedom 47.6 89.1
Labor freedom 48.4 68.6
Monetary freedom 0 77.4
Trade freedom 65.6 90.6
Investment freedom 20 70
Financial freedom 20 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Lebanon
New Zealand
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Lebanon New Zealand
2026 43.1 77.8
2025 44.1 78.1
2024 48.3 77.8
2023 45.6 78.9
2022 47.3 80.6
2021 51.4 83.9
2020 51.7 84.1
2019 51.1 84.4
2018 53.2 84.2
2017 53.3 83.7
2016 59.5 81.6
2015 59.3 82.1
2014 59.4 81.2
2013 59.5 81.4
2012 60.1 82.1
2011 60.1 82.3
2010 59.5 82.1
2009 58.1 82
2008 60 80.7
2007 60.4 81.4
2006 57.5 82
2005 57.2 82.3
2004 56.9 81.5
2003 56.7 81.1
2002 57.1 80.7
2001 61 81.1
2000 56.1 80.9
1999 59.1 81.7
1998 59 79.2
1997 63.9 79
1996 63.2 78.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/lebanon/new-zealand | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Lebanon is 43.1, ranking 183/197, compared to 77.8 for New Zealand, ranking 13/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Lebanon New Zealand
Services, % of GDP
35.7%
2024
68.2%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
2.63%
2024
19.4%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.05%
2024
4.01%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$20.7B
2024
$248B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$11,790
2024
$53,600
2025
Total reserves including gold
$33.3B
2024
$28.2B
2025
Total reserves ranking
56/177
2024
59/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$583M
2023
-$3.58B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.84B
2024
$1.76B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$391M
2024
$882M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
9.68%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
27.4%
2012
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
1.44%
2024
23.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/lebanon/new-zealand | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2019–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.