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Economy of Ivory Coast vs New Zealand compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Ivory Coast has a GDP of $99.8B compared to $264B for New Zealand, ranking 77/197 and 53/197 by economy size, respectively.

Ivory Coast has $56.2B in government debt (56.3% of GDP), compared to $145B (54.7% of GDP) in New Zealand.

Ivory Coast vs New Zealand GDP by year

Ivory Coast
New Zealand
1x
Year GDP, current $
Ivory Coast New Zealand
2025 $99,773,555,666 $264,057,413,740
2024 $87,113,179,149 $261,497,198,364
2023 $80,780,312,569 $256,372,177,758
2022 $70,922,824,814 $249,723,029,451
2021 $72,794,636,654 $253,732,493,988
2020 $63,027,852,805 $213,318,129,989
2019 $60,382,894,697 $213,088,034,258
2018 $58,522,477,787 $211,726,161,989
2017 $52,512,343,997 $206,561,943,051
2016 $48,407,761,037 $188,980,351,891
2015 $45,815,005,169 $178,147,457,243
2014 $48,843,005,614 $201,435,445,068
2013 $42,760,235,485 $190,943,478,290
2012 $36,302,302,877 $176,508,049,114
2011 $36,693,710,801 $168,458,838,711
2010 $34,936,307,980 $146,887,902,524
2009 $33,886,813,250 $121,663,439,315
2008 $34,078,240,293 $133,437,126,590
2007 $28,760,090,953 $137,188,946,866
2006 $25,281,413,263 $111,538,810,713
2005 $24,036,918,703 $114,720,129,550
2004 $23,510,575,681 $103,905,210,084
2003 $21,251,754,340 $88,250,885,550
2002 $18,054,383,321 $66,627,729,311
2001 $16,810,537,044 $53,872,425,917
2000 $16,577,533,892 $52,623,281,957
1999 $18,870,992,456 $58,762,260,626
1998 $19,619,654,756 $56,227,169,851
1997 $18,047,558,038 $66,075,143,415
1996 $18,071,152,831 $70,140,835,299
1995 $11,000,146,267 $63,918,703,507
1994 $8,313,557,510 $55,314,732,279
1993 $11,045,760,288 $46,775,620,817
1992 $11,152,971,274 $41,649,829,860
1991 $10,492,628,581 $42,745,329,732
1990 $10,795,850,583 $45,495,129,385
1989 $9,757,410,645 $43,920,222,525
1988 $10,255,169,806 $45,176,811,594
1987 $10,087,654,465 $40,376,354,070
1986 $9,158,302,100 $30,604,668,357
1985 $6,977,650,644 $24,679,795,396
1984 $6,841,639,247 $21,665,975,319
1983 $6,838,184,773 $24,309,279,706
1982 $7,567,110,849 $24,164,603,059
1981 $8,432,589,942 $24,417,617,184
1980 $10,175,617,609 $23,244,547,385
1979 $9,142,933,967 $20,731,243,113
1978 $7,900,526,298 $18,530,518,395
1977 $6,265,068,189 $15,446,825,318
1976 $4,662,053,825 $13,604,832,424
1975 $3,893,839,190 $12,861,983,284
1974 $3,070,152,309 $13,940,981,798
1973 $2,508,421,426 $12,802,281,898
1972 $1,849,400,402 $9,567,331,065
1971 $1,584,128,509 $7,911,136,757
1970 $1,455,482,795 $6,495,605,331
1969 $1,361,360,293 $5,814,357,709
1968 $1,281,281,277 $5,228,045,415
1967 $1,082,922,725 $6,016,017,227
1966 $1,024,102,880 $5,917,437,693
1965 $919,771,229 $5,706,251,400
1964 $921,063,327 $7,340,766,415
1963 $761,047,198 $6,699,741,645
1962 $645,284,474 $6,133,158,532
1961 $618,245,634 $5,721,994,864
1960 $546,203,559 $5,536,098,360

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ivory-coast/new-zealand | CC BY

GDP per capita in Ivory Coast vs New Zealand by year

Ivory Coast
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
New Zealand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Ivory Coast New Zealand
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $3,050 - $49,591 -
2024 $2,728 $7,669 $49,432 $55,551
2023 $2,592 $7,237 $49,302 $54,697
2022 $2,333 $6,719 $49,142 $54,034
2021 $2,456 $6,045 $49,902 $48,249
2020 $2,180 $5,544 $42,055 $45,513
2019 $2,142 $5,516 $42,872 $45,278
2018 $2,131 $4,946 $43,204 $42,527
2017 $1,964 $4,690 $42,912 $42,244
2016 $1,863 $4,531 $40,088 $39,989
2015 $1,815 $4,404 $38,649 $37,513
2014 $1,991 $4,074 $44,600 $37,331
2013 $1,786 $3,619 $42,985 $36,263
2012 $1,547 $3,291 $40,042 $33,055
2011 $1,597 $3,176 $38,426 $32,739
2010 $1,554 $3,361 $33,762 $31,305
2009 $1,540 $3,177 $28,277 $30,746
2008 $1,584 $3,116 $31,325 $29,896
2007 $1,368 $2,985 $32,480 $29,331
2006 $1,230 $2,942 $26,655 $27,732
2005 $1,198 $2,842 $27,751 $25,677
2004 $1,200 $2,794 $25,420 $25,124
2003 $1,111 $2,702 $21,914 $23,996
2002 $968 $2,851 $16,874 $23,306
2001 $925 $2,962 $13,883 $22,511
2000 $937 $3,041 $13,641 $21,500
1999 $1,096 $3,065 $15,322 $20,579
1998 $1,177 $3,086 $14,738 $19,323
1997 $1,125 $3,040 $17,474 $19,100
1996 $1,170 $2,832 $18,794 $18,392
1995 $740 $2,683 $17,400 $17,864
1994 $582 $2,551 $15,280 $17,108
1993 $804 $2,577 $13,094 $15,900
1992 $845 $2,625 $11,793 $14,877
1991 $827 $2,677 $12,230 $14,501
1990 $886 $2,693 $13,663 $14,812
1989 $833 - $13,312 -
1988 $910 - $13,759 -
1987 $930 - $12,331 -
1986 $877 - $9,428 -
1985 $695 - $7,601 -
1984 $709 - $6,714 -
1983 $737 - $7,598 -
1982 $849 - $7,656 -
1981 $986 - $7,814 -
1980 $1,238 - $7,467 -
1979 $1,157 - $6,668 -
1978 $1,039 - $5,937 -
1977 $856 - $4,951 -
1976 $661 - $4,374 -
1975 $575 - $4,172 -
1974 $474 - $4,611 -
1973 $406 - $4,323 -
1972 $313 - $3,295 -
1971 $280.3 - $2,773 -
1970 $269 - $2,311 -
1969 $262.2 - $2,097 -
1968 $256.8 - $1,902 -
1967 $225.6 - $2,208 -
1966 $221.8 - $2,211 -
1965 $207 - $2,171 -
1964 $215.5 - $2,839 -
1963 $185.1 - $2,646 -
1962 $163.1 - $2,471 -
1961 $162.3 - $2,365 -
1960 $148.7 - $2,334 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ivory-coast/new-zealand | CC BY

Ivory Coast's GDP per capita is $3,050, ranking 145/197, compared to $49,591 in New Zealand, ranking 26/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Ivory Coast ranks 145th at $7,669, while New Zealand ranks 38th at $55,551.

Economic indicators

Ivory Coast New Zealand
Gross domestic product
$99.8B
2025
$264B
2025
GDP rank
77/197
2025
53/197
2025
GDP growth
6.5%
2024-2025
0.46%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$3,050
2025
$49,591
2025
GDP per capita rank
145/197
2025
26/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$7,669
2024
$55,551
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
145/197
2024
38/197
2024
Government debt
$56.2B
2025
$145B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
56.3%
2025
54.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$1,718
2025
$27,139
2025
Government debt per person rank
124/185
2025
27/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,667
2026
$36,222
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$7.33B
2020
$103B
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
5
2026
Income share by richest 10%
27.8%
2021
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
3.1%
2021
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
20.2%
2025
41.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.13%
2024-2025
2.84%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
2.31%
2022
5.26%
2025
Population
33910252
5380024

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Ivory Coast
Spending

Debt
New Zealand
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Ivory Coast New Zealand
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 20.2% 56.3% 41.6% 54.7%
2024 20.4% 59.5% 41.7% 51.4%
2023 21% 56.7% 41% 47.3%
2022 21.9% 56% 41.7% 46.9%
2021 20.5% 50.2% 41.8% 47.5%
2020 20.4% 46.3% 41.9% 43.2%
2019 17.2% 37.2% 38.7% 31.8%
2018 17.6% 35.3% 36.1% 28.1%
2017 18.1% 32.6% 35.6% 31.1%
2016 17.6% 31.1% 36.4% 33.4%
2015 16.5% 29.2% 37.2% 34.2%
2014 15.2% 26.7% 37.6% 34.2%
2013 15.9% 24.6% 38.6% 34.6%
2012 16.1% 24.7% 39.7% 35.7%
2011 13.2% 50% 42.3% 34.7%
2010 14.5% 45.6% 42.9% 29.6%
2009 14.4% 46.5% 40.3% 24.3%
2008 14.6% 51.2% 38.4% 19%
2007 14.8% 53.5% 37% 16.3%
2006 14.5% 57.5% 37.8% 18.4%
2005 13.6% 58.2% 37.1% 20.8%
2004 13.5% 56.7% 36.1% 22.5%
2003 12.7% 56.4% 36.6% 24.7%
2002 13.1% 63% 36.7% 26.4%
2001 11.4% 71.2% 37.2% 28.2%
2000 12.9% 74% 38.2% 30%
1999 13.7% 78% 39.2% 32%
1998 14.6% 75.2% 40.1% 34.5%
1997 15.2% 84.2% 39.3% 34.6%
1996 - - 39.8% 37.3%
1995 - - 41.6% 43.5%
1994 - - 42.7% 48.9%
1993 - - 46.7% 54.6%
1992 - - 52.4% 58.7%
1991 - - 52.9% 58%
1990 - - 49.5% 55.5%
1989 - - 47.8% 54.9%
1988 - - 46.1% 54.7%
1987 - - 46.1% 62.9%
1986 - - 46.9% 68.5%
1985 - - 46.2% 64.1%
1984 - - 40.7% 62.8%
1983 - - 41.4% 59.6%
1982 - - 39.9% 51.5%
1981 - - 39.1% 50.5%
1980 - - 38% 52.2%
1979 - - 38.4% 52%
1978 - - 36.6% 50%
1977 - - 30% 44.6%
1976 - - 31.6% 47.6%
1975 - - 30.1% 41.4%
1974 - - 27.3% 39.6%
1973 - - 27.1% 44%
1972 - - 26.4% 46%
1971 - - 26.8% 71.3%
1970 - - 24.8% 76.5%
1969 - - 25.9% 85.8%
1968 - - 26.2% 86.5%
1967 - - 26% 59.7%
1966 - - 25% 58.2%
1965 - - 24.9% 59.6%
1964 - - 19.4% 61.8%
1963 - - 19.4% 64.5%
1962 - - 21.6% 65%
1961 - - 21.1% 64.6%
1960 - - 25.3% 68.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ivory-coast/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, Ivory Coast's government spending was $20.1B, accounting for 20.2% of its GDP, while New Zealand spent $110B, or 41.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 56.3% in Ivory Coast and 54.7% in New Zealand, ranking 85/185 and 91/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Ivory Coast

New Zealand
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Ivory Coast New Zealand
2025 -3% -3.86%
2024 -3.96% -3.21%
2023 -5.12% -3.22%
2022 -6.74% -3.96%
2021 -4.88% -3.35%
2020 -5.42% -4.21%
2019 -2.22% -2.44%
2018 -2.9% 1.31%
2017 -3.27% 1.38%
2016 -2.98% 0.98%
2015 -2.04% 0.37%
2014 -1.57% -0.33%
2013 -1.62% -1.28%
2012 -2.28% -2.18%
2011 -2.89% -4.94%
2010 -1.34% -5.49%
2009 -1% -1.8%
2008 -0.21% 1.48%
2007 -0.39% 3.6%
2006 -1.03% 4.62%
2005 -1.03% 5.13%
2004 -1.04% 4.49%
2003 -1.26% 3.69%
2002 -0.64% 2.56%
2001 0.7% 1.29%
2000 -0.83% 0.18%
1999 -1.27% -1.1%
1998 -0.7% -0.47%
1997 -0.75% 1.24%
1996 - 2.58%
1995 - 3.7%
1994 - 2%
1993 - -1.51%
1992 - -6.25%
1991 - -6.12%
1990 - -2.72%
1989 - -2.16%
1988 - -1.88%
1987 - -3.43%
1986 - -5.33%
1985 - -6.97%
1984 - -8.68%
1983 - -6.64%
1982 - -6.26%
1981 - -6.02%
1980 - -4.9%
1979 - -6.55%
1978 - -3.41%
1977 - -1.09%
1976 - -2.07%
1975 - 0.11%
1974 - 0.03%
1973 - -0.07%
1972 - 0.12%
1971 - 0.09%
1970 - -0.05%
1969 - 0.17%
1968 - 0.03%
1967 - 0.02%
1966 - 0.09%
1965 - 0.26%
1964 - -0.08%
1963 - -0.26%
1962 - 0.02%
1961 - 0.03%
1960 - 0.05%
1959 - 0.03%
1958 - -0.02%
1957 - 0.32%
1956 - 1.33%
1955 - 0.73%
1954 - 0.22%
1953 - 0.43%
1952 - 1.73%
1951 - 1.17%
1950 - 0.78%
1949 - 0.53%
1948 - 0.36%
1947 - 1.07%
1946 - 0.31%
1945 - 0.32%
1944 - 0.59%
1943 - 1.24%
1942 - 0.56%
1941 - 0.64%
1940 - 0.13%
1939 - 0.34%
1938 - 0.38%
1937 - 0.23%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 1.19%
1934 - -0.55%
1933 - 0.02%
1932 - -1.77%
1931 - -1.12%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.37%
1928 - 0.12%
1927 - 0.4%
1926 - 0.72%
1925 - 0.78%
1924 - 1.2%
1923 - 0.95%
1922 - -0.2%
1921 - 3.55%
1920 - 1.51%
1919 - 2.9%
1918 - 4.35%
1917 - 3.89%
1916 - 1.46%
1915 - 0.06%
1914 - 0.45%
1913 - 0.79%
1912 - 0.89%
1911 - 1.24%
1910 - 0.36%
1909 - 0.31%
1908 - 1.26%
1907 - 1.13%
1906 - 0.97%
1905 - 1.41%
1904 - 1.42%
1903 - 0.55%
1902 - 0.63%
1901 - 1.11%
1900 - 1.59%
1899 - 1.15%
1898 - 1.38%
1897 - 0.86%
1896 - 0.65%
1895 - 0.32%
1894 - 0.76%
1893 - 1.14%
1892 - 0.09%
1891 - 0.46%
1890 - 0.05%
1889 - 0.59%
1888 - -1.64%
1887 - -1.63%
1886 - -0.53%
1885 - -0.47%
1884 - -0.1%
1883 - 0.38%
1882 - 0.18%
1881 - -2.33%
1880 - -2.39%
1879 - -0.55%
1878 - -0.85%
1877 - -2.53%
1876 - -5.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ivory-coast/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, Ivory Coast's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3B, equivalent to 3% of GDP. This compares to New Zealand's deficit of $10.2B, or 3.86% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, Ivory Coast recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while New Zealand ran a deficit in 15 years. On average, Ivory Coast posted an annual deficit equal to 2.13% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.33% of GDP for New Zealand.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Ivory Coast

New Zealand
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Ivory Coast New Zealand
2025 0.13% 2.84%
2024 3.45% 2.92%
2023 4.37% 5.73%
2022 5.23% 7.17%
2021 4.16% 3.94%
2020 2.41% 1.71%
2019 0.79% 1.62%
2018 0.4% 1.6%
2017 0.69% 1.85%
2016 0.72% 0.65%
2015 1.25% 0.29%
2014 0.45% 1.23%
2013 2.58% 1.13%
2012 1.3% 1.06%
2011 4.91% 4.03%
2010 1.23% 2.3%
2009 1.02% 2.12%
2008 6.31% 3.96%
2007 1.89% 2.38%
2006 2.47% 3.37%
2005 3.89% 3.04%
2004 1.46% 2.29%
2003 3.3% 1.75%
2002 3.08% 2.68%
2001 4.36% 2.63%
2000 2.53% 2.62%
1999 0.7% -0.11%
1998 4.61% 1.27%
1997 4.02% 1.19%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ivory-coast/new-zealand | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Ivory Coast has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.54%, compared with 2.39% in New Zealand. In 2025, inflation was 0.13% in Ivory Coast and 2.84% in New Zealand.

Top exports between countries

Ivory Coast
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $603K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $592K
Wood & paper products $5K
New Zealand
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $42.8M
Machinery & equipment $912K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $253K
Transport & tourism services $100K
Textiles & consumer goods $72K
Raw materials & minerals $44K
Metals $15K
Chemicals & pharma $1K

Balance of trade

Ivory Coast New Zealand
Current account balance
-$3.89B
2024
-$9.56B
2025
Current account balance ranking
156/190
2024
174/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-4.47%
2024
-3.62%
2025
Goods imports
$15.3B
2024
$48.2B
2025
Goods exports
$20.8B
2024
$47.2B
2025
Service imports
$6.63B
2024
$20.3B
2025
Service exports
$1.22B
2024
$19.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
24.8%
2025
26%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
29.8%
2025
24.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Ivory Coast New Zealand
Economic freedom 58.1 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 111/197 13/197
Property rights 43.9 85.4
Government integrity 39.3 90
Judicial effectiveness 30.2 95.9
Tax burden 81.6 66.1
Government spending 86.6 48
Fiscal health 48 72.2
Business freedom 68.3 89.1
Labor freedom 57.1 68.6
Monetary freedom 67.6 77.4
Trade freedom 74.4 90.6
Investment freedom 50 70
Financial freedom 50 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Ivory Coast
New Zealand
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Ivory Coast New Zealand
2026 58.1 77.8
2025 57.8 78.1
2024 58.4 77.8
2023 60.4 78.9
2022 61.6 80.6
2021 61.7 83.9
2020 59.7 84.1
2019 62.4 84.4
2018 62 84.2
2017 63 83.7
2016 60 81.6
2015 58.5 82.1
2014 57.7 81.2
2013 54.1 81.4
2012 54.3 82.1
2011 55.4 82.3
2010 54.1 82.1
2009 55 82
2008 53.9 80.7
2007 54.9 81.4
2006 56.2 82
2005 56.6 82.3
2004 57.8 81.5
2003 56.7 81.1
2002 57.3 80.7
2001 54.8 81.1
2000 50.2 80.9
1999 51.7 81.7
1998 51.3 79.2
1997 50.5 79
1996 49.9 78.1
1995 53.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ivory-coast/new-zealand | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Ivory Coast is 58.1, ranking 111/197, compared to 77.8 for New Zealand, ranking 13/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Ivory Coast New Zealand
Services, % of GDP
51.2%
2025
68.2%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
23.9%
2025
19.4%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
16.8%
2025
4.01%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$91B
2025
$248B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$7,750
2025
$53,600
2025
Total reserves including gold n/a
$28.2B
2025
Total reserves ranking n/a
59/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$2.89B
2024
-$3.58B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$3.12B
2024
$1.76B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$228M
2024
$882M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
6.47%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
37.5%
2021
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
19.3%
2025
23.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ivory-coast/new-zealand | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.