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Economy of Gabon vs New Zealand compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Gabon has a GDP of $21.4B compared to $264B for New Zealand, ranking 132/197 and 53/197 by economy size, respectively.

Gabon has $16.9B in government debt (78.9% of GDP), compared to $145B (54.7% of GDP) in New Zealand.

Gabon vs New Zealand GDP by year

Gabon
New Zealand
1x
Year GDP, current $
Gabon New Zealand
2025 $21,427,119,323 $264,057,413,740
2024 $20,895,684,426 $261,497,198,364
2023 $19,388,372,071 $256,372,177,758
2022 $20,440,655,695 $249,723,029,451
2021 $19,444,935,097 $253,732,493,988
2020 $15,342,236,164 $213,318,129,989
2019 $16,874,405,465 $213,088,034,258
2018 $16,867,326,402 $211,726,161,989
2017 $14,929,487,485 $206,561,943,051
2016 $14,023,890,265 $188,980,351,891
2015 $14,383,107,763 $178,147,457,243
2014 $18,203,966,896 $201,435,445,068
2013 $17,595,744,798 $190,943,478,290
2012 $17,170,464,016 $176,508,049,114
2011 $18,210,307,744 $168,458,838,711
2010 $14,372,593,020 $146,887,902,524
2009 $12,113,699,068 $121,663,439,315
2008 $15,571,348,344 $133,437,126,590
2007 $12,455,409,587 $137,188,946,866
2006 $10,327,598,306 $111,538,810,713
2005 $9,582,783,991 $114,720,129,550
2004 $7,770,219,008 $103,905,210,084
2003 $6,511,903,365 $88,250,885,550
2002 $5,335,451,100 $66,627,729,311
2001 $5,023,265,413 $53,872,425,917
2000 $5,080,483,629 $52,623,281,957
1999 $4,662,992,036 $58,762,260,626
1998 $4,483,417,310 $56,227,169,851
1997 $5,326,817,115 $66,075,143,415
1996 $5,694,040,003 $70,140,835,299
1995 $4,958,845,648 $63,918,703,507
1994 $4,190,819,344 $55,314,732,279
1993 $4,378,645,081 $46,775,620,817
1992 $5,592,390,827 $41,649,829,860
1991 $5,402,919,785 $42,745,329,732
1990 $5,952,293,765 $45,495,129,385
1989 $4,186,411,464 $43,920,222,525
1988 $3,834,503,376 $45,176,811,594
1987 $3,281,797,043 $40,376,354,070
1986 $3,403,638,189 $30,604,668,357
1985 $3,339,914,757 $24,679,795,396
1984 $3,561,451,561 $21,665,975,319
1983 $3,391,275,732 $24,309,279,706
1982 $3,618,007,841 $24,164,603,059
1981 $3,862,269,121 $24,417,617,184
1980 $4,279,637,942 $23,244,547,385
1979 $3,030,251,120 $20,731,243,113
1978 $2,389,479,272 $18,530,518,395
1977 $2,809,349,069 $15,446,825,318
1976 $3,009,409,974 $13,604,832,424
1975 $2,157,592,940 $12,861,983,284
1974 $1,544,216,002 $13,940,981,798
1973 $722,780,701 $12,802,281,898
1972 $430,508,359 $9,567,331,065
1971 $381,687,073 $7,911,136,757
1970 $323,802,476 $6,495,605,331
1969 $318,124,701 $5,814,357,709
1968 $294,468,564 $5,228,045,415
1967 $271,543,680 $6,016,017,227
1966 $245,849,781 $5,917,437,693
1965 $226,474,286 $5,706,251,400
1964 $215,679,855 $7,340,766,415
1963 $154,480,244 $6,699,741,645
1962 $182,796,536 $6,133,158,532
1961 $167,637,907 $5,721,994,864
1960 $141,468,978 $5,536,098,360

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/gabon/new-zealand | CC BY

GDP per capita in Gabon vs New Zealand by year

Gabon
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
New Zealand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Gabon New Zealand
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $8,263 - $49,591 -
2024 $8,230 $21,510 $49,432 $55,551
2023 $7,803 $20,756 $49,302 $54,697
2022 $8,409 $19,993 $49,142 $54,034
2021 $8,181 $18,524 $49,902 $48,249
2020 $6,606 $14,477 $42,055 $45,513
2019 $7,441 $15,950 $42,872 $45,278
2018 $7,624 $15,432 $43,204 $42,527
2017 $6,922 $14,797 $42,912 $42,244
2016 $6,677 $13,998 $40,088 $39,989
2015 $7,047 $14,306 $38,649 $37,513
2014 $9,201 $14,854 $44,600 $37,331
2013 $9,198 $14,498 $42,985 $36,263
2012 $9,297 $14,620 $40,042 $33,055
2011 $10,219 $14,784 $38,426 $32,739
2010 $8,357 $14,015 $33,762 $31,305
2009 $7,291 $13,384 $28,277 $30,746
2008 $9,689 $13,734 $31,325 $29,896
2007 $8,004 $14,391 $32,480 $29,331
2006 $6,847 $13,637 $26,655 $27,732
2005 $6,548 $14,028 $27,751 $25,677
2004 $5,466 $13,638 $25,420 $25,124
2003 $4,711 $13,564 $21,914 $23,996
2002 $3,966 $13,369 $16,874 $23,306
2001 $3,836 $13,556 $13,883 $22,511
2000 $3,983 $13,326 $13,641 $21,500
1999 $3,751 $13,629 $15,322 $20,579
1998 $3,700 $15,138 $14,738 $19,323
1997 $4,509 $14,837 $17,474 $19,100
1996 $4,943 $14,147 $18,794 $18,392
1995 $4,415 $13,750 $17,400 $17,864
1994 $3,828 $13,164 $15,280 $17,108
1993 $4,106 $12,757 $13,094 $15,900
1992 $5,386 $12,312 $11,793 $14,877
1991 $5,345 $12,760 $12,230 $14,501
1990 $6,051 $11,952 $13,663 $14,812
1989 $4,374 - $13,312 -
1988 $4,119 - $13,759 -
1987 $3,624 - $12,331 -
1986 $3,865 - $9,428 -
1985 $3,898 - $7,601 -
1984 $4,273 - $6,714 -
1983 $4,182 - $7,598 -
1982 $4,584 - $7,656 -
1981 $5,026 - $7,814 -
1980 $5,718 - $7,467 -
1979 $4,155 - $6,668 -
1978 $3,360 - $5,937 -
1977 $4,048 - $4,951 -
1976 $4,441 - $4,374 -
1975 $3,258 - $4,172 -
1974 $2,384 - $4,611 -
1973 $1,140 - $4,323 -
1972 $693 - $3,295 -
1971 $627 - $2,773 -
1970 $543 - $2,311 -
1969 $545 - $2,097 -
1968 $515 - $1,902 -
1967 $482 - $2,208 -
1966 $443 - $2,211 -
1965 $415 - $2,171 -
1964 $400 - $2,839 -
1963 $290.7 - $2,646 -
1962 $348 - $2,471 -
1961 $323 - $2,365 -
1960 $276.1 - $2,334 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/gabon/new-zealand | CC BY

Gabon's GDP per capita is $8,263, ranking 96/197, compared to $49,591 in New Zealand, ranking 26/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Gabon ranks 90th at $21,510, while New Zealand ranks 38th at $55,551.

Economic indicators

Gabon New Zealand
Gross domestic product
$21.4B
2025
$264B
2025
GDP rank
132/197
2025
53/197
2025
GDP growth
2.47%
2024-2025
0.46%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$8,263
2025
$49,591
2025
GDP per capita rank
96/197
2025
26/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$21,510
2024
$55,551
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
90/197
2024
38/197
2024
Government debt
$16.9B
2025
$145B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
78.9%
2025
54.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$6,521
2025
$27,139
2025
Government debt per person rank
74/185
2025
27/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,617
2026
$36,222
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$103B
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
5
2026
Income share by richest 10%
27.7%
2017
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
2.2%
2017
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
28.6%
2025
41.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.77%
2024-2025
2.84%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
17.4%
2024
5.26%
2025
Population
2676097
5380024

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Gabon
Spending

Debt
New Zealand
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Gabon New Zealand
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 28.6% 78.9% 41.6% 54.7%
2024 24.8% 70.9% 41.7% 51.4%
2023 21.5% 70.6% 41% 47.3%
2022 19.7% 65.6% 41.7% 46.9%
2021 17.3% 72.9% 41.8% 47.5%
2020 19.8% 83% 41.9% 43.2%
2019 17.4% 59.8% 38.7% 31.8%
2018 17.1% 62.3% 36.1% 28.1%
2017 18.1% 62.9% 35.6% 31.1%
2016 21.8% 64.5% 36.4% 33.4%
2015 22.3% 44.7% 37.2% 34.2%
2014 23.8% 34.1% 37.6% 34.2%
2013 34.7% 31.1% 38.6% 34.6%
2012 23.9% 21.4% 39.7% 35.7%
2011 22.1% 21.4% 42.3% 34.7%
2010 23.1% 21.3% 42.9% 29.6%
2009 22.6% 26% 40.3% 24.3%
2008 18.9% 20.1% 38.4% 19%
2007 19.4% 39.2% 37% 16.3%
2006 21.1% 34.9% 37.8% 18.4%
2005 20.8% 41.7% 37.1% 20.8%
2004 20.9% 60.3% 36.1% 22.5%
2003 21.2% 70.2% 36.6% 24.7%
2002 25.7% 81.1% 36.7% 26.4%
2001 27.8% 81% 37.2% 28.2%
2000 20.3% 72.5% 38.2% 30%
1999 25.5% 73.1% 39.2% 32%
1998 45.5% 87.6% 40.1% 34.5%
1997 29.7% 57% 39.3% 34.6%
1996 22.2% 64.5% 39.8% 37.3%
1995 25.1% 73.4% 41.6% 43.5%
1994 23.9% 71.3% 42.7% 48.9%
1993 26.9% 90.1% 46.7% 54.6%
1992 26.5% 87.9% 52.4% 58.7%
1991 25.1% 89.3% 52.9% 58%
1990 22.6% 90% 49.5% 55.5%
1989 - - 47.8% 54.9%
1988 - - 46.1% 54.7%
1987 - - 46.1% 62.9%
1986 - - 46.9% 68.5%
1985 - - 46.2% 64.1%
1984 - - 40.7% 62.8%
1983 - - 41.4% 59.6%
1982 - - 39.9% 51.5%
1981 - - 39.1% 50.5%
1980 - - 38% 52.2%
1979 - - 38.4% 52%
1978 - - 36.6% 50%
1977 - - 30% 44.6%
1976 - - 31.6% 47.6%
1975 - - 30.1% 41.4%
1974 - - 27.3% 39.6%
1973 - - 27.1% 44%
1972 - - 26.4% 46%
1971 - - 26.8% 71.3%
1970 - - 24.8% 76.5%
1969 - - 25.9% 85.8%
1968 - - 26.2% 86.5%
1967 - - 26% 59.7%
1966 - - 25% 58.2%
1965 - - 24.9% 59.6%
1964 - - 19.4% 61.8%
1963 - - 19.4% 64.5%
1962 - - 21.6% 65%
1961 - - 21.1% 64.6%
1960 - - 25.3% 68.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/gabon/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, Gabon's government spending was $6.14B, accounting for 28.6% of its GDP, while New Zealand spent $110B, or 41.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 78.9% in Gabon and 54.7% in New Zealand, ranking 44/185 and 91/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Gabon

New Zealand
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Gabon New Zealand
2025 -8.47% -3.86%
2024 -3.3% -3.21%
2023 1.79% -3.22%
2022 -0.89% -3.96%
2021 -1.93% -3.35%
2020 -2.19% -4.21%
2019 2.13% -2.44%
2018 -0.21% 1.31%
2017 -1.7% 1.38%
2016 -4.71% 0.98%
2015 -1.12% 0.37%
2014 5.98% -0.33%
2013 -3.07% -1.28%
2012 6.2% -2.18%
2011 1.41% -4.94%
2010 2.7% -5.49%
2009 6.77% -1.8%
2008 11% 1.48%
2007 8.06% 3.6%
2006 8.67% 4.62%
2005 7.98% 5.13%
2004 6.99% 4.49%
2003 7.75% 3.69%
2002 3.72% 2.56%
2001 4.07% 1.29%
2000 11.1% 0.18%
1999 1.11% -1.1%
1998 -13.1% -0.47%
1997 1.41% 1.24%
1996 2.12% 2.58%
1995 2.64% 3.7%
1994 -1.53% 2%
1993 -5.35% -1.51%
1992 -4.9% -6.25%
1991 -2.03% -6.12%
1990 -3.83% -2.72%
1989 - -2.16%
1988 - -1.88%
1987 - -3.43%
1986 - -5.33%
1985 - -6.97%
1984 - -8.68%
1983 - -6.64%
1982 - -6.26%
1981 - -6.02%
1980 - -4.9%
1979 - -6.55%
1978 - -3.41%
1977 - -1.09%
1976 - -2.07%
1975 - 0.11%
1974 - 0.03%
1973 - -0.07%
1972 - 0.12%
1971 - 0.09%
1970 - -0.05%
1969 - 0.17%
1968 - 0.03%
1967 - 0.02%
1966 - 0.09%
1965 - 0.26%
1964 - -0.08%
1963 - -0.26%
1962 - 0.02%
1961 - 0.03%
1960 - 0.05%
1959 - 0.03%
1958 - -0.02%
1957 - 0.32%
1956 - 1.33%
1955 - 0.73%
1954 - 0.22%
1953 - 0.43%
1952 - 1.73%
1951 - 1.17%
1950 - 0.78%
1949 - 0.53%
1948 - 0.36%
1947 - 1.07%
1946 - 0.31%
1945 - 0.32%
1944 - 0.59%
1943 - 1.24%
1942 - 0.56%
1941 - 0.64%
1940 - 0.13%
1939 - 0.34%
1938 - 0.38%
1937 - 0.23%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 1.19%
1934 - -0.55%
1933 - 0.02%
1932 - -1.77%
1931 - -1.12%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.37%
1928 - 0.12%
1927 - 0.4%
1926 - 0.72%
1925 - 0.78%
1924 - 1.2%
1923 - 0.95%
1922 - -0.2%
1921 - 3.55%
1920 - 1.51%
1919 - 2.9%
1918 - 4.35%
1917 - 3.89%
1916 - 1.46%
1915 - 0.06%
1914 - 0.45%
1913 - 0.79%
1912 - 0.89%
1911 - 1.24%
1910 - 0.36%
1909 - 0.31%
1908 - 1.26%
1907 - 1.13%
1906 - 0.97%
1905 - 1.41%
1904 - 1.42%
1903 - 0.55%
1902 - 0.63%
1901 - 1.11%
1900 - 1.59%
1899 - 1.15%
1898 - 1.38%
1897 - 0.86%
1896 - 0.65%
1895 - 0.32%
1894 - 0.76%
1893 - 1.14%
1892 - 0.09%
1891 - 0.46%
1890 - 0.05%
1889 - 0.59%
1888 - -1.64%
1887 - -1.63%
1886 - -0.53%
1885 - -0.47%
1884 - -0.1%
1883 - 0.38%
1882 - 0.18%
1881 - -2.33%
1880 - -2.39%
1879 - -0.55%
1878 - -0.85%
1877 - -2.53%
1876 - -5.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/gabon/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, Gabon's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.82B, equivalent to 8.47% of GDP. This compares to New Zealand's deficit of $10.2B, or 3.86% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Gabon recorded a fiscal deficit in 16 of those years, while New Zealand ran a deficit in 19 years. On average, Gabon posted an annual surplus equal to 1.26% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.5% of GDP for New Zealand.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Gabon

New Zealand
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Gabon New Zealand
2025 1.77% 2.84%
2024 1.17% 2.92%
2023 3.63% 5.73%
2022 4.23% 7.17%
2021 1.09% 3.94%
2020 1.35% 1.71%
2019 2.46% 1.62%
2018 4.75% 1.6%
2017 2.65% 1.85%
2016 2.11% 0.65%
2015 -0.34% 0.29%
2014 4.69% 1.23%
2013 0.51% 1.13%
2012 2.65% 1.06%
2011 1.26% 4.03%
2010 1.46% 2.3%
2009 1.89% 2.12%
2008 5.26% 3.96%
2007 5.03% 2.38%
2006 -1.41% 3.37%
2005 3.71% 3.04%
2004 0.41% 2.29%
2003 2.24% 1.75%
2002 0.04% 2.68%
2001 2.14% 2.63%
2000 0.5% 2.62%
1999 -1.94% -0.11%
1998 1.45% 1.27%
1997 3.97% 1.19%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/gabon/new-zealand | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Gabon has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.03%, compared with 2.39% in New Zealand. In 2025, inflation was 1.77% in Gabon and 2.84% in New Zealand.

Top exports between countries

Gabon
Export category Export value
Wood & paper products $935K
Textiles & consumer goods $4K
Machinery & equipment $1K
New Zealand
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $654K
Machinery & equipment $455K
Transport & tourism services $100K
Metals $59K
Chemicals & pharma $2K
Raw materials & minerals $1K

Balance of trade

Gabon New Zealand
Current account balance
$141M
2015
-$9.56B
2025
Current account balance ranking
61/190
2015
174/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.98%
2015
-3.62%
2025
Goods imports
$3.17B
2015
$48.2B
2025
Goods exports
$5.11B
2015
$47.2B
2025
Service imports
$1.88B
2015
$20.3B
2025
Service exports
$277M
2015
$19.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
29.4%
2025
26%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
55.5%
2025
24.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Gabon New Zealand
Economic freedom 56.6 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 120/197 13/197
Property rights 30 85.4
Government integrity 22.6 90
Judicial effectiveness 19.9 95.9
Tax burden 76.5 66.1
Government spending 85.5 48
Fiscal health 87.9 72.2
Business freedom 63.6 89.1
Labor freedom 55.4 68.6
Monetary freedom 80.9 77.4
Trade freedom 57.4 90.6
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Gabon
New Zealand
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Gabon New Zealand
2026 56.6 77.8
2025 56.3 78.1
2024 56.9 77.8
2023 56.1 78.9
2022 55.8 80.6
2021 58.1 83.9
2020 56.7 84.1
2019 56.3 84.4
2018 58 84.2
2017 58.6 83.7
2016 59 81.6
2015 58.3 82.1
2014 57.8 81.2
2013 57.8 81.4
2012 56.4 82.1
2011 56.7 82.3
2010 55.4 82.1
2009 55 82
2008 54.2 80.7
2007 54.8 81.4
2006 56.1 82
2005 54.8 82.3
2004 57.1 81.5
2003 58.7 81.1
2002 58 80.7
2001 55 81.1
2000 58.2 80.9
1999 60.5 81.7
1998 59.2 79.2
1997 58.8 79
1996 55.7 78.1
1995 57.5 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/gabon/new-zealand | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Gabon is 56.6, ranking 120/197, compared to 77.8 for New Zealand, ranking 13/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Gabon New Zealand
Services, % of GDP
42.3%
2025
68.2%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
47.2%
2025
19.4%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
6.75%
2025
4.01%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$21B
2025
$248B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,660
2025
$53,600
2025
Total reserves including gold
$639M
2024
$28.2B
2025
Total reserves ranking
150/177
2024
59/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$25.3M
2015
-$3.58B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.14B
2024
$1.76B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$33.8M
2019
$882M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.62%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
33.4%
2017
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.8%
2025
23.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/gabon/new-zealand | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.