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Economy of Honduras vs New Zealand compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Honduras has a GDP of $37.1B compared to $260B for New Zealand, ranking 104/197 and 52/197 by economy size, respectively.

Honduras has $17.5B in government debt (47.1% of GDP), compared to $131B (50.2% of GDP) in New Zealand.

Honduras vs New Zealand GDP by year

Honduras
New Zealand
1x
Year GDP, current $
Honduras New Zealand
2024 $37,093,565,854 $260,172,385,098
2023 $34,355,805,528 $255,194,972,673
2022 $31,426,041,807 $249,509,991,440
2021 $28,144,331,507 $253,977,931,815
2020 $23,352,232,484 $213,029,554,654
2019 $24,882,225,742 $213,006,341,102
2018 $24,067,750,760 $211,985,631,173
2017 $23,136,247,991 $206,745,969,246
2016 $21,717,604,952 $189,100,085,275
2015 $20,979,791,685 $178,224,167,088
2014 $19,756,533,972 $201,518,402,787
2013 $18,499,729,215 $191,012,364,177
2012 $18,528,554,398 $176,560,711,239
2011 $17,710,275,685 $168,484,908,960
2010 $15,839,344,592 $146,887,902,524
2009 $14,587,496,229 $121,663,439,315
2008 $13,881,731,876 $133,437,126,590
2007 $12,361,257,681 $137,188,946,866
2006 $10,917,477,066 $111,538,810,713
2005 $9,757,012,697 $114,720,129,550
2004 $8,869,299,234 $103,905,210,084
2003 $8,230,391,347 $88,250,885,550
2002 $7,858,255,413 $66,627,729,311
2001 $7,651,162,302 $53,872,425,917
2000 $7,186,638,029 $52,623,281,957
1999 $6,394,090,592 $58,762,260,626
1998 $6,163,707,533 $56,227,169,851
1997 $5,569,178,707 $66,075,143,415
1996 $4,798,834,459 $70,140,835,299
1995 $4,672,346,194 $63,918,703,507
1994 $4,105,686,899 $55,314,732,279
1993 $4,190,773,622 $46,775,620,817
1992 $4,122,846,905 $41,649,829,860
1991 $3,699,381,195 $42,745,329,732
1990 $3,734,460,117 $45,495,129,385
1989 $4,375,896,552 $43,920,222,525
1988 $4,892,660,944 $45,176,811,594
1987 $5,024,800,000 $40,376,354,070
1986 $4,706,100,000 $30,604,668,357
1985 $4,328,300,000 $24,679,795,396
1984 $4,029,900,000 $21,665,975,319
1983 $3,840,550,000 $24,309,279,706
1982 $3,619,500,000 $24,164,603,059
1981 $3,501,800,000 $24,417,617,184
1980 $3,184,400,000 $23,244,547,385
1979 $2,778,900,000 $20,731,243,113
1978 $2,393,650,000 $18,530,518,395
1977 $1,900,700,000 $15,446,825,318
1976 $1,589,300,000 $13,604,832,424
1975 $1,330,050,000 $12,861,983,284
1974 $1,243,000,000 $13,940,981,798
1973 $1,128,299,436 $12,802,281,898
1972 $1,030,645,362 $9,567,331,065
1971 $958,450,000 $7,911,136,757
1970 $904,400,000 $6,495,605,331
1969 $844,400,000 $5,814,357,709
1968 $815,450,000 $5,228,045,415
1967 $750,950,000 $6,016,017,227
1966 $692,150,000 $5,917,437,693
1965 $651,050,000 $5,706,251,400
1964 $591,100,000 $7,340,766,415
1963 $553,500,000 $6,699,741,645
1962 $532,450,000 $6,133,158,532
1961 $503,300,000 $5,721,994,864
1960 $475,650,000 $5,536,098,360

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/honduras/new-zealand | CC BY

GDP per capita in Honduras vs New Zealand by year

Honduras
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
New Zealand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Honduras New Zealand
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $3,426 $7,486 $49,205 $55,551
2023 $3,227 $7,178 $49,076 $54,697
2022 $3,003 $6,805 $49,100 $54,034
2021 $2,735 $6,203 $49,950 $48,249
2020 $2,308 $5,385 $41,998 $45,513
2019 $2,502 $5,785 $42,856 $45,278
2018 $2,465 $5,633 $43,257 $42,527
2017 $2,413 $5,621 $42,950 $42,244
2016 $2,307 $5,186 $40,114 $39,989
2015 $2,271 $4,846 $38,665 $37,513
2014 $2,180 $4,460 $44,618 $37,331
2013 $2,081 $4,137 $43,000 $36,263
2012 $2,126 $4,016 $40,054 $33,055
2011 $2,074 $3,901 $38,432 $32,739
2010 $1,893 $3,758 $33,762 $31,305
2009 $1,781 $3,656 $28,277 $30,746
2008 $1,732 $3,806 $31,325 $29,896
2007 $1,578 $3,664 $32,480 $29,331
2006 $1,426 $3,438 $26,655 $27,732
2005 $1,305 $3,204 $27,751 $25,677
2004 $1,215 $3,001 $25,420 $25,124
2003 $1,156 $2,821 $21,914 $23,996
2002 $1,132 $2,715 $16,874 $23,306
2001 $1,132 $2,645 $13,883 $22,511
2000 $1,093 $2,587 $13,641 $21,500
1999 $999 $2,372 $15,322 $20,579
1998 $989 $2,152 $14,738 $19,323
1997 $917 $1,959 $17,474 $19,100
1996 $813 $1,617 $18,794 $18,392
1995 $814 $1,329 $17,400 $17,864
1994 $736 $1,074 $15,280 $17,108
1993 $773 $838 $13,094 $15,900
1992 $782 $741 $11,793 $14,877
1991 $722 $684 $12,230 $14,501
1990 $750 $540 $13,663 $14,812
1989 $904 - $13,312 -
1988 $1,039 - $13,759 -
1987 $1,098 - $12,331 -
1986 $1,058 - $9,428 -
1985 $1,001 - $7,601 -
1984 $960 - $6,714 -
1983 $942 - $7,598 -
1982 $914 - $7,656 -
1981 $912 - $7,814 -
1980 $854 - $7,467 -
1979 $769 - $6,668 -
1978 $683 - $5,937 -
1977 $559 - $4,951 -
1976 $482 - $4,374 -
1975 $417 - $4,172 -
1974 $401 - $4,611 -
1973 $375 - $4,323 -
1972 $353 - $3,295 -
1971 $338 - $2,773 -
1970 $329 - $2,311 -
1969 $316 - $2,097 -
1968 $314 - $1,902 -
1967 $298.2 - $2,208 -
1966 $282.9 - $2,211 -
1965 $273.9 - $2,171 -
1964 $255.9 - $2,839 -
1963 $246.6 - $2,646 -
1962 $244 - $2,471 -
1961 $237.3 - $2,365 -
1960 $230.7 - $2,334 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/honduras/new-zealand | CC BY

Honduras' GDP per capita is $3,426, ranking 136/197, compared to $49,205 in New Zealand, ranking 26/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Honduras ranks 146th at $7,486, while New Zealand ranks 38th at $55,551.

Economic indicators

Honduras New Zealand
Gross domestic product
$37.1B
2024
$260B
2024
GDP rank
104/197
2024
52/197
2024
GDP growth
3.55%
2023-2024
1.29%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$3,426
2024
$49,205
2024
GDP per capita rank
136/197
2024
26/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$7,486
2024
$55,551
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
146/197
2024
38/197
2024
Government debt
$17.5B
2024
$131B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
47.1%
2024
50.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$1,613
2024
$24,722
2024
Government debt per person rank
126/185
2024
28/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,901
2026
$37,758
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$92.9B
2024
Number of billionaires n/a
5
2025
Income share by richest 10%
32.3%
2024
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
1.2%
2024
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
25.7%
2024
41.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.61%
2023-2024
2.92%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
5.75%
2024
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
4.91%
2024
4.76%
2024
Population
11237619
5374272

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Honduras
Spending

Debt
New Zealand
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Honduras New Zealand
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 25.7% 47.1% 41.9% 50.2%
2023 27.2% 47.9% 41.2% 46.9%
2022 24% 51% 41.8% 46.9%
2021 28.8% 50.3% 41.9% 47.5%
2020 28.4% 52.5% 42% 43.2%
2019 25.9% 44.1% 38.8% 31.8%
2018 26.2% 43.5% 36.1% 28.1%
2017 26.9% 43.6% 35.6% 31.1%
2016 27.4% 40.3% 36.4% 33.3%
2015 26% 42.3% 37.2% 34.2%
2014 26.4% 43% 37.7% 34.2%
2013 28% 42.1% 38.6% 34.5%
2012 26.4% 32.4% 39.7% 35.7%
2011 25.9% 31.5% 42.4% 34.7%
2010 26.5% 28.9% 42.9% 29.6%
2009 28.4% 23.8% 40.3% 24.3%
2008 26.4% 22.3% 38.5% 19%
2007 24.4% 24% 37.1% 16.3%
2006 24.4% 39.2% 37.9% 18.4%
2005 23.6% 55.6% 37.1% 20.8%
2004 25.5% 60.9% 36.2% 22.5%
2003 26.4% 67.8% 36.7% 24.7%
2002 26.8% 64.2% 36.8% 26.4%
2001 25.1% 63.4% 37.2% 28.2%
2000 22.1% 65.8% 38.3% 30%
1999 23.3% 75.8% 39.3% 32%
1998 19.4% 67.4% 40.1% 34.5%
1997 19.4% 70.8% 39.3% 34.6%
1996 18.7% 64.6% 39.9% 37.3%
1995 17.2% 65.4% 41.6% 43.5%
1994 19.2% 86.4% 42.8% 48.9%
1993 23.7% 108% 46.8% 54.6%
1992 20.5% 116.5% 52.5% 58.7%
1991 18.8% 122.2% 53% 58%
1990 16.4% 200.3% 49.6% 55.5%
1989 10.2% 68.4% 47.8% 54.9%
1988 16% 71.7% 46.1% 54.7%
1987 17.2% 73.6% 46.1% 62.9%
1986 19.8% 69.9% 46.9% 68.5%
1985 22.5% 65.7% 46.2% 64.1%
1984 22.4% 60.5% 40.7% 62.8%
1983 20.8% 57.6% 41.4% 59.6%
1982 18.7% 54.3% 39.9% 51.5%
1981 15.3% 48.1% 39.1% 50.5%
1980 16.2% 41% 38% 52.2%
1979 14.4% 36.1% 38.4% 52%
1978 13.1% 32.8% 36.6% 50%
1977 14.6% 28.2% 30% 44.6%
1976 11.5% 26.5% 31.6% 47.6%
1975 11.9% 24% 30.1% 41.4%
1974 11.7% 18.5% 27.3% 39.6%
1973 11.1% 16.6% 27.1% 44%
1972 12.6% 16.8% 26.4% 46%
1971 15.2% 19.8% 26.8% 71.3%
1970 15.2% 17.2% 24.8% 76.5%
1969 13.6% 13% 25.9% 85.8%
1968 11.6% 9.75% 26.2% 86.5%
1967 11.4% 9.72% 26% 59.7%
1966 11.4% 9.47% 25% 58.2%
1965 10.6% 8.97% 24.9% 59.6%
1964 11.4% 9.78% 19.4% 61.8%
1963 10.1% 9.02% 19.4% 64.5%
1962 10.5% 8.54% 21.6% 65%
1961 11.2% 8.22% 21.1% 64.6%
1960 12.2% 8.97% 25.3% 68.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/honduras/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2024, Honduras' government spending was $9.52B, accounting for 25.7% of its GDP, while New Zealand spent $109B, or 41.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 47.1% in Honduras and 50.2% in New Zealand, ranking 115/185 and 107/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Honduras

New Zealand
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Honduras New Zealand
2024 -1.12% -3.61%
2023 -1.96% -3.54%
2022 1.57% -4.16%
2021 -3.17% -3.5%
2020 -4.58% -4.35%
2019 0.09% -2.5%
2018 0.2% 1.27%
2017 -0.41% 1.36%
2016 -0.4% 0.98%
2015 -0.78% 0.36%
2014 -2.81% -0.34%
2013 -5.48% -1.29%
2012 -3.48% -2.19%
2011 -2.94% -4.96%
2010 -3.37% -5.51%
2009 -4.86% -1.81%
2008 -0.27% 1.47%
2007 -0.25% 3.6%
2006 -1.36% 4.62%
2005 -0.03% 5.13%
2004 -2.48% 4.49%
2003 -5.09% 3.68%
2002 -5.02% 2.55%
2001 -3.12% 1.29%
2000 1.51% 0.17%
1999 1.38% -1.11%
1998 2.89% -0.48%
1997 0.08% 1.23%
1996 0.13% 2.58%
1995 -0.24% 3.7%
1994 -0.98% 1.99%
1993 -5.03% -1.53%
1992 -1.41% -6.27%
1991 -1.95% -6.14%
1990 -1.82% -2.74%
1989 2.08% -2.16%
1988 -2.65% -1.88%
1987 -3.23% -3.43%
1986 -5.92% -5.33%
1985 -8.58% -6.97%
1984 -9.33% -8.68%
1983 -9.1% -6.64%
1982 -6.17% -6.26%
1981 -2.5% -6.02%
1980 -2.52% -4.9%
1979 -1.55% -6.55%
1978 -0.68% -3.41%
1977 -2.55% -1.09%
1976 -0.93% -2.07%
1975 -1.78% 0.11%
1974 -0.27% 0.03%
1973 -0.71% -0.07%
1972 -2.37% 0.12%
1971 -3.51% 0.09%
1970 -3.24% -0.05%
1969 -2.16% 0.17%
1968 -0.38% 0.03%
1967 -0.73% 0.02%
1966 -0.45% 0.09%
1965 0.19% 0.26%
1964 -1.77% -0.08%
1963 -0.39% -0.26%
1962 -0.71% 0.02%
1961 -1.05% 0.03%
1960 -1.22% 0.05%
1959 -1.31% 0.03%
1958 -1.16% -0.02%
1957 -1.01% 0.32%
1956 -1.81% 1.33%
1955 -0.42% 0.73%
1954 -2.91% 0.22%
1953 -2.96% 0.43%
1952 -3.21% 1.73%
1951 -1.04% 1.17%
1950 -0.44% 0.78%
1949 -1.92% 0.53%
1948 0.52% 0.36%
1947 -0.83% 1.07%
1946 0.32% 0.31%
1945 0% 0.32%
1944 -0.82% 0.59%
1943 -0.48% 1.24%
1942 0% 0.56%
1941 -0.26% 0.64%
1940 -0.43% 0.13%
1939 -0.52% 0.34%
1938 -0.74% 0.38%
1937 -1.37% 0.23%
1936 -0.76% 0.17%
1935 0% 1.19%
1934 0.06% -0.55%
1933 2.06% 0.02%
1932 -2.13% -1.77%
1931 -0.94% -1.12%
1930 -1.15% 0.09%
1929 -0.38% -0.37%
1928 0.72% 0.12%
1927 0.37% 0.4%
1926 - 0.72%
1925 - 0.78%
1924 - 1.2%
1923 - 0.95%
1922 - -0.2%
1921 - 3.55%
1920 - 1.51%
1919 - 2.9%
1918 - 4.35%
1917 - 3.89%
1916 - 1.46%
1915 - 0.06%
1914 - 0.45%
1913 - 0.79%
1912 - 0.89%
1911 - 1.24%
1910 - 0.36%
1909 - 0.31%
1908 - 1.26%
1907 - 1.13%
1906 - 0.97%
1905 - 1.41%
1904 - 1.42%
1903 - 0.55%
1902 - 0.63%
1901 - 1.11%
1900 - 1.59%
1899 - 1.15%
1898 - 1.38%
1897 - 0.86%
1896 - 0.65%
1895 - 0.32%
1894 - 0.76%
1893 - 1.14%
1892 - 0.09%
1891 - 0.46%
1890 - 0.05%
1889 - 0.59%
1888 - -1.64%
1887 - -1.63%
1886 - -0.53%
1885 - -0.47%
1884 - -0.1%
1883 - 0.38%
1882 - 0.18%
1881 - -2.33%
1880 - -2.39%
1879 - -0.55%
1878 - -0.85%
1877 - -2.53%
1876 - -5.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/honduras/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2024, Honduras' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $415M, equivalent to 1.12% of GDP. This compares to New Zealand's deficit of $9.38B, or 3.61% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Honduras recorded a fiscal deficit in 55 of those years, while New Zealand ran a deficit in 36 years. On average, Honduras posted an annual deficit equal to 2.01% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.24% of GDP for New Zealand.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Honduras

New Zealand
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Honduras New Zealand
2024 4.61% 2.92%
2023 6.66% 5.73%
2022 9.09% 7.17%
2021 4.48% 3.94%
2020 3.47% 1.71%
2019 4.37% 1.62%
2018 4.35% 1.6%
2017 3.93% 1.85%
2016 2.72% 0.65%
2015 3.16% 0.29%
2014 6.13% 1.23%
2013 5.16% 1.13%
2012 5.2% 1.06%
2011 6.76% 4.03%
2010 4.7% 2.3%
2009 5.5% 2.12%
2008 11.4% 3.96%
2007 6.94% 2.38%
2006 5.58% 3.37%
2005 8.81% 3.04%
2004 8.11% 2.29%
2003 7.67% 1.75%
2002 7.69% 2.68%
2001 9.67% 2.63%
2000 11% 2.62%
1999 11.7% -0.11%
1998 13.7% 1.27%
1997 20.2% 1.19%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/honduras/new-zealand | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Honduras has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 7.24%, compared with 2.37% in New Zealand. In 2024, inflation was 4.61% in Honduras and 2.92% in New Zealand.

Top exports between countries

Honduras
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $5.6M
Miscellaneous $27K
Chemicals & pharma $11K
Wood & paper products $9K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1K
New Zealand
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $4.34M
Machinery & equipment $440K
Chemicals & pharma $207K
Metals $35K
Wood & paper products $18K
Textiles & consumer goods $2K

Balance of trade

Honduras New Zealand
Current account balance
-$1.65B
2024
-$12.1B
2024
Current account balance ranking
137/190
2024
178/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-4.45%
2024
-4.65%
2024
Goods imports
$14.6B
2024
$47.3B
2024
Goods exports
$5.67B
2024
$43.3B
2024
Service imports
$3.67B
2024
$19.5B
2024
Service exports
$3.75B
2024
$18.9B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
57.6%
2024
26.4%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.5%
2024
24.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Honduras New Zealand
Economic freedom 59.1 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 105/197 13/197
Property rights 35.7 85.4
Government integrity 24.6 90
Judicial effectiveness 27.6 95.9
Tax burden 83.1 66.1
Government spending 80.3 48
Fiscal health 95.2 72.2
Business freedom 59.4 89.1
Labor freedom 37.9 68.6
Monetary freedom 70.1 77.4
Trade freedom 69.8 90.6
Investment freedom 65 70
Financial freedom 60 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Honduras
New Zealand
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Honduras New Zealand
2026 59.1 77.8
2025 59.6 78.1
2024 58.6 77.8
2023 58.7 78.9
2022 59.5 80.6
2021 59.8 83.9
2020 61.1 84.1
2019 60.2 84.4
2018 60.6 84.2
2017 58.8 83.7
2016 57.7 81.6
2015 57.4 82.1
2014 57.1 81.2
2013 58.4 81.4
2012 58.8 82.1
2011 58.6 82.3
2010 58.3 82.1
2009 58.7 82
2008 58.9 80.7
2007 59.1 81.4
2006 57.4 82
2005 55.3 82.3
2004 55.3 81.5
2003 60.4 81.1
2002 58.7 80.7
2001 57 81.1
2000 57.6 80.9
1999 56.7 81.7
1998 56.2 79.2
1997 56 79
1996 56.6 78.1
1995 57 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/honduras/new-zealand | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Honduras is 59.1, ranking 105/197, compared to 77.8 for New Zealand, ranking 13/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Honduras New Zealand
Services, % of GDP
58.4%
2024
67.4%
2022
Industry, % of GDP
26.1%
2024
19.6%
2022
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
11.2%
2024
4.57%
2022
GNI, Atlas method
$32.7B
2024
$252B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$6,900
2024
$53,600
2024
Total reserves including gold
$8.04B
2024
$22.1B
2024
Total reserves ranking
84/177
2024
59/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$620M
2024
-$878M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.31B
2024
$1.76B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$689M
2024
$882M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.23%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
62.9%
2024
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.5%
2024
22.5%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/honduras/new-zealand | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.