Skip to content

Economy of Morocco vs New Zealand compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Morocco has a GDP of $182B compared to $264B for New Zealand, ranking 58/197 and 53/197 by economy size, respectively.

Morocco has $122B in government debt (67.1% of GDP), compared to $145B (54.7% of GDP) in New Zealand.

Morocco vs New Zealand GDP by year

Morocco
New Zealand
1x
Year GDP, current $
Morocco New Zealand
2025 $182,374,250,612 $264,057,413,740
2024 $160,610,994,055 $261,497,198,364
2023 $146,036,093,667 $256,372,177,758
2022 $131,245,312,804 $249,723,029,451
2021 $142,022,058,447 $253,732,493,988
2020 $121,353,645,057 $213,318,129,989
2019 $128,920,266,409 $213,088,034,258
2018 $127,341,147,582 $211,726,161,989
2017 $118,540,573,368 $206,561,943,051
2016 $111,572,947,005 $188,980,351,891
2015 $110,413,823,842 $178,147,457,243
2014 $119,130,841,412 $201,435,445,068
2013 $115,739,287,305 $190,943,478,290
2012 $106,937,392,311 $176,508,049,114
2011 $110,080,631,332 $168,458,838,711
2010 $100,865,329,473 $146,887,902,524
2009 $101,154,952,241 $121,663,439,315
2008 $101,822,906,949 $133,437,126,590
2007 $86,947,913,287 $137,188,946,866
2006 $75,883,823,301 $111,538,810,713
2005 $68,852,658,069 $114,720,129,550
2004 $66,114,145,451 $103,905,210,084
2003 $58,029,363,354 $88,250,885,550
2002 $47,077,192,188 $66,627,729,311
2001 $43,831,480,208 $53,872,425,917
2000 $43,017,455,402 $52,623,281,957
1999 $46,266,428,648 $58,762,260,626
1998 $46,497,608,725 $56,227,169,851
1997 $39,147,844,526 $66,075,143,415
1996 $43,161,571,528 $70,140,835,299
1995 $39,030,285,468 $63,918,703,507
1994 $35,604,137,423 $55,314,732,279
1993 $31,655,473,664 $46,775,620,817
1992 $33,711,069,431 $41,649,829,860
1991 $32,285,573,574 $42,745,329,732
1990 $30,179,954,775 $45,495,129,385
1989 $26,314,313,191 $43,920,222,525
1988 $25,705,296,184 $45,176,811,594
1987 $21,765,195,948 $40,376,354,070
1986 $19,462,085,540 $30,604,668,357
1985 $14,991,283,216 $24,679,795,396
1984 $14,824,667,954 $21,665,975,319
1983 $16,251,408,128 $24,309,279,706
1982 $17,692,276,734 $24,164,603,059
1981 $17,788,185,479 $24,417,617,184
1980 $21,728,516,153 $23,244,547,385
1979 $15,911,994,817 $20,731,243,113
1978 $13,236,946,234 $18,530,518,395
1977 $11,049,783,872 $15,446,825,318
1976 $9,584,297,284 $13,604,832,424
1975 $8,984,853,005 $12,861,983,284
1974 $7,675,466,449 $13,940,981,798
1973 $6,242,145,880 $12,802,281,898
1972 $5,074,117,545 $9,567,331,065
1971 $4,356,669,034 $7,911,136,757
1970 $3,956,336,244 $6,495,605,331
1969 $3,651,622,669 $5,814,357,709
1968 $3,271,422,333 $5,228,045,415
1967 $3,046,345,314 $6,016,017,227
1966 $2,876,401,297 $5,917,437,693
1965 $2,948,331,090 $5,706,251,400
1964 $2,798,345,299 $7,340,766,415
1963 $2,657,252,578 $6,699,741,645
1962 $2,379,611,125 $6,133,158,532
1961 $2,025,693,540 $5,721,994,864
1960 $2,037,154,742 $5,536,098,360

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/morocco/new-zealand | CC BY

GDP per capita in Morocco vs New Zealand by year

Morocco
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
New Zealand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Morocco New Zealand
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $4,746 - $49,591 -
2024 $4,218 $10,415 $49,432 $55,551
2023 $3,872 $9,895 $49,302 $54,697
2022 $3,516 $9,310 $49,142 $54,034
2021 $3,843 $8,623 $49,902 $48,249
2020 $3,317 $7,705 $42,055 $45,513
2019 $3,560 $8,046 $42,872 $45,278
2018 $3,553 $7,801 $43,204 $42,527
2017 $3,344 $8,115 $42,912 $42,244
2016 $3,186 $7,853 $40,088 $39,989
2015 $3,190 $7,799 $38,649 $37,513
2014 $3,483 $7,237 $44,600 $37,331
2013 $3,425 $7,542 $42,985 $36,263
2012 $3,206 $7,308 $40,042 $33,055
2011 $3,345 $7,274 $38,426 $32,739
2010 $3,107 $6,849 $33,762 $31,305
2009 $3,158 $6,629 $28,277 $30,746
2008 $3,222 $6,437 $31,325 $29,896
2007 $2,788 $6,058 $32,480 $29,331
2006 $2,466 $5,781 $26,655 $27,732
2005 $2,268 $5,275 $27,751 $25,677
2004 $2,207 $5,025 $25,420 $25,124
2003 $1,962 $4,741 $21,914 $23,996
2002 $1,612 $4,436 $16,874 $23,306
2001 $1,521 $4,269 $13,883 $22,511
2000 $1,513 $3,930 $13,641 $21,500
1999 $1,651 $3,801 $15,322 $20,579
1998 $1,683 $3,740 $14,738 $19,323
1997 $1,439 $3,502 $17,474 $19,100
1996 $1,610 $3,551 $18,794 $18,392
1995 $1,478 $3,152 $17,400 $17,864
1994 $1,369 $3,315 $15,280 $17,108
1993 $1,236 $2,979 $13,094 $15,900
1992 $1,337 $2,979 $11,793 $14,877
1991 $1,302 $3,025 $12,230 $14,501
1990 $1,238 $2,777 $13,663 $14,812
1989 $1,099 - $13,312 -
1988 $1,094 - $13,759 -
1987 $944 - $12,331 -
1986 $861 - $9,428 -
1985 $678 - $7,601 -
1984 $687 - $6,714 -
1983 $772 - $7,598 -
1982 $862 - $7,656 -
1981 $890 - $7,814 -
1980 $1,117 - $7,467 -
1979 $839 - $6,668 -
1978 $716 - $5,937 -
1977 $613 - $4,951 -
1976 $545 - $4,374 -
1975 $524 - $4,172 -
1974 $459 - $4,611 -
1973 $382 - $4,323 -
1972 $319 - $3,295 -
1971 $280.6 - $2,773 -
1970 $261.5 - $2,311 -
1969 $247.8 - $2,097 -
1968 $228 - $1,902 -
1967 $218.1 - $2,208 -
1966 $211.5 - $2,211 -
1965 $222.7 - $2,171 -
1964 $216.9 - $2,839 -
1963 $211.3 - $2,646 -
1962 $194.2 - $2,471 -
1961 $169.8 - $2,365 -
1960 $175.2 - $2,334 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/morocco/new-zealand | CC BY

Morocco's GDP per capita is $4,746, ranking 126/197, compared to $49,591 in New Zealand, ranking 26/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Morocco ranks 132nd at $10,415, while New Zealand ranks 38th at $55,551.

Economic indicators

Morocco New Zealand
Gross domestic product
$182B
2025
$264B
2025
GDP rank
58/197
2025
53/197
2025
GDP growth
4.6%
2024-2025
0.46%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$4,746
2025
$49,591
2025
GDP per capita rank
126/197
2025
26/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$10,415
2024
$55,551
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
132/197
2024
38/197
2024
Government debt
$122B
2025
$145B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
67.1%
2025
54.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$3,183
2025
$27,139
2025
Government debt per person rank
102/185
2025
27/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,045
2026
$36,222
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$114B
2025
$103B
2025
Number of billionaires
3
2026
5
2026
Income share by richest 10%
31.9%
2013
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
2.7%
2013
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
31.3%
2025
41.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.7%
2024-2025
2.84%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
11.8%
2022
5.26%
2025
Population
38938817
5380024

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Morocco
Spending

Debt
New Zealand
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Morocco New Zealand
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 31.3% 67.1% 41.6% 54.7%
2024 30.9% 67.7% 41.7% 51.4%
2023 30.2% 68.7% 41% 47.3%
2022 31.8% 71.4% 41.7% 46.9%
2021 30.1% 69.4% 41.8% 47.5%
2020 34.1% 72.2% 41.9% 43.2%
2019 27% 60.3% 38.7% 31.8%
2018 27.8% 60.5% 36.1% 28.1%
2017 27.9% 60.3% 35.6% 31.1%
2016 28.6% 60.1% 36.4% 33.4%
2015 28.5% 58.4% 37.2% 34.2%
2014 30.7% 58.6% 37.6% 34.2%
2013 30.4% 57.1% 38.6% 34.6%
2012 32.5% 52.3% 39.7% 35.7%
2011 31.2% 48.6% 42.3% 34.7%
2010 28.7% 45.3% 42.9% 29.6%
2009 28.1% 42.6% 40.3% 24.3%
2008 28.3% 42% 38.4% 19%
2007 26.4% 47.1% 37% 16.3%
2006 26% 50.6% 37.8% 18.4%
2005 28.6% 54.8% 37.1% 20.8%
2004 24.5% 54.4% 36.1% 22.5%
2003 24.1% 56.9% 36.6% 24.7%
2002 25.8% 59.4% 36.7% 26.4%
2001 23.7% 60.4% 37.2% 28.2%
2000 22.8% 64.9% 38.2% 30%
1999 18.4% 63.4% 39.2% 32%
1998 18.7% 64.5% 40.1% 34.5%
1997 18.6% 68% 39.3% 34.6%
1996 17.6% 65.3% 39.8% 37.3%
1995 21.3% 72.2% 41.6% 43.5%
1994 21.7% 69.3% 42.7% 48.9%
1993 23.1% 74.7% 46.7% 54.6%
1992 22.3% 67% 52.4% 58.7%
1991 20.8% 59.1% 52.9% 58%
1990 22.6% 70.5% 49.5% 55.5%
1989 - - 47.8% 54.9%
1988 - - 46.1% 54.7%
1987 - - 46.1% 62.9%
1986 - - 46.9% 68.5%
1985 - - 46.2% 64.1%
1984 - - 40.7% 62.8%
1983 - - 41.4% 59.6%
1982 - - 39.9% 51.5%
1981 - - 39.1% 50.5%
1980 - - 38% 52.2%
1979 - - 38.4% 52%
1978 - - 36.6% 50%
1977 - - 30% 44.6%
1976 - - 31.6% 47.6%
1975 - - 30.1% 41.4%
1974 - - 27.3% 39.6%
1973 - - 27.1% 44%
1972 - - 26.4% 46%
1971 - - 26.8% 71.3%
1970 - - 24.8% 76.5%
1969 - - 25.9% 85.8%
1968 - - 26.2% 86.5%
1967 - - 26% 59.7%
1966 - - 25% 58.2%
1965 - - 24.9% 59.6%
1964 - - 19.4% 61.8%
1963 - - 19.4% 64.5%
1962 - - 21.6% 65%
1961 - - 21.1% 64.6%
1960 - - 25.3% 68.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/morocco/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, Morocco's government spending was $57B, accounting for 31.3% of its GDP, while New Zealand spent $110B, or 41.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 67.1% in Morocco and 54.7% in New Zealand, ranking 64/185 and 91/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Morocco

New Zealand
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Morocco New Zealand
2025 -3.54% -3.86%
2024 -3.92% -3.21%
2023 -4.41% -3.22%
2022 -5.37% -3.96%
2021 -5.92% -3.35%
2020 -7.15% -4.21%
2019 -3.8% -2.44%
2018 -3.52% 1.31%
2017 -3.3% 1.38%
2016 -4.49% 0.98%
2015 -4.59% 0.37%
2014 -4.78% -0.33%
2013 -4.7% -1.28%
2012 -6.63% -2.18%
2011 -6.08% -4.94%
2010 -3.93% -5.49%
2009 -1.63% -1.8%
2008 0.63% 1.48%
2007 -0.12% 3.6%
2006 -1.8% 4.62%
2005 -5.46% 5.13%
2004 -3.31% 4.49%
2003 -3.74% 3.69%
2002 -4.37% 2.56%
2001 -3.79% 1.29%
2000 -1.97% 0.18%
1999 3.21% -1.1%
1998 1.47% -0.47%
1997 1.5% 1.24%
1996 0.87% 2.58%
1995 -2.54% 3.7%
1994 -2.51% 2%
1993 -2% -1.51%
1992 -1.84% -6.25%
1991 -0.9% -6.12%
1990 -1.32% -2.72%
1989 - -2.16%
1988 - -1.88%
1987 - -3.43%
1986 - -5.33%
1985 - -6.97%
1984 - -8.68%
1983 - -6.64%
1982 - -6.26%
1981 - -6.02%
1980 - -4.9%
1979 - -6.55%
1978 - -3.41%
1977 - -1.09%
1976 - -2.07%
1975 - 0.11%
1974 - 0.03%
1973 - -0.07%
1972 - 0.12%
1971 - 0.09%
1970 - -0.05%
1969 - 0.17%
1968 - 0.03%
1967 - 0.02%
1966 - 0.09%
1965 - 0.26%
1964 - -0.08%
1963 - -0.26%
1962 - 0.02%
1961 - 0.03%
1960 - 0.05%
1959 - 0.03%
1958 - -0.02%
1957 - 0.32%
1956 - 1.33%
1955 - 0.73%
1954 - 0.22%
1953 - 0.43%
1952 - 1.73%
1951 - 1.17%
1950 - 0.78%
1949 - 0.53%
1948 - 0.36%
1947 - 1.07%
1946 - 0.31%
1945 - 0.32%
1944 - 0.59%
1943 - 1.24%
1942 - 0.56%
1941 - 0.64%
1940 - 0.13%
1939 - 0.34%
1938 - 0.38%
1937 - 0.23%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 1.19%
1934 - -0.55%
1933 - 0.02%
1932 - -1.77%
1931 - -1.12%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.37%
1928 - 0.12%
1927 - 0.4%
1926 - 0.72%
1925 - 0.78%
1924 - 1.2%
1923 - 0.95%
1922 - -0.2%
1921 - 3.55%
1920 - 1.51%
1919 - 2.9%
1918 - 4.35%
1917 - 3.89%
1916 - 1.46%
1915 - 0.06%
1914 - 0.45%
1913 - 0.79%
1912 - 0.89%
1911 - 1.24%
1910 - 0.36%
1909 - 0.31%
1908 - 1.26%
1907 - 1.13%
1906 - 0.97%
1905 - 1.41%
1904 - 1.42%
1903 - 0.55%
1902 - 0.63%
1901 - 1.11%
1900 - 1.59%
1899 - 1.15%
1898 - 1.38%
1897 - 0.86%
1896 - 0.65%
1895 - 0.32%
1894 - 0.76%
1893 - 1.14%
1892 - 0.09%
1891 - 0.46%
1890 - 0.05%
1889 - 0.59%
1888 - -1.64%
1887 - -1.63%
1886 - -0.53%
1885 - -0.47%
1884 - -0.1%
1883 - 0.38%
1882 - 0.18%
1881 - -2.33%
1880 - -2.39%
1879 - -0.55%
1878 - -0.85%
1877 - -2.53%
1876 - -5.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/morocco/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, Morocco's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $6.46B, equivalent to 3.54% of GDP. This compares to New Zealand's deficit of $10.2B, or 3.86% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Morocco recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while New Zealand ran a deficit in 19 years. On average, Morocco posted an annual deficit equal to 2.94% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.5% of GDP for New Zealand.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Morocco

New Zealand
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Morocco New Zealand
2025 0.7% 2.84%
2024 0.99% 2.92%
2023 6.09% 5.73%
2022 6.66% 7.17%
2021 1.4% 3.94%
2020 0.71% 1.71%
2019 0.3% 1.62%
2018 1.8% 1.6%
2017 0.75% 1.85%
2016 1.64% 0.65%
2015 1.56% 0.29%
2014 0.44% 1.23%
2013 1.88% 1.13%
2012 1.29% 1.06%
2011 0.91% 4.03%
2010 0.99% 2.3%
2009 0.97% 2.12%
2008 3.71% 3.96%
2007 2.04% 2.38%
2006 3.28% 3.37%
2005 0.98% 3.04%
2004 1.49% 2.29%
2003 1.17% 1.75%
2002 2.8% 2.68%
2001 0.62% 2.63%
2000 1.89% 2.62%
1999 0.68% -0.11%
1998 2.75% 1.27%
1997 1.04% 1.19%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/morocco/new-zealand | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Morocco has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.78%, compared with 2.39% in New Zealand. In 2025, inflation was 0.7% in Morocco and 2.84% in New Zealand.

Top exports between countries

Morocco
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $77.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $476K
Machinery & equipment $215K
Raw agricultural goods $192K
Textiles & consumer goods $87K
Wood & paper products $41K
Animal & marine products $37K
Chemicals & pharma $12K
Metals $6K
Precious metals & jewellery $2K
New Zealand
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $30.3M
Raw agricultural goods $1.62M
Machinery & equipment $1.21M
Textiles & consumer goods $821K
Transport & tourism services $100K
Chemicals & pharma $89K
Metals $46K
Raw materials & minerals $21K
Precious metals & jewellery $2K

Balance of trade

Morocco New Zealand
Current account balance
-$4.56B
2025
-$9.56B
2025
Current account balance ranking
163/190
2025
174/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.5%
2025
-3.62%
2025
Goods imports
$77.2B
2025
$48.2B
2025
Goods exports
$43.7B
2025
$47.2B
2025
Service imports
$16.7B
2025
$20.3B
2025
Service exports
$33.6B
2025
$19.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
51.1%
2025
26%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
42%
2025
24.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Morocco New Zealand
Economic freedom 61.8 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 91/197 13/197
Property rights 55.2 85.4
Government integrity 35.6 90
Judicial effectiveness 32.5 95.9
Tax burden 65.5 66.1
Government spending 67.5 48
Fiscal health 57.5 72.2
Business freedom 72.1 89.1
Labor freedom 46.2 68.6
Monetary freedom 79.6 77.4
Trade freedom 69.8 90.6
Investment freedom 80 70
Financial freedom 80 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Morocco
New Zealand
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Morocco New Zealand
2026 61.8 77.8
2025 60.3 78.1
2024 56.8 77.8
2023 58.4 78.9
2022 59.2 80.6
2021 63.3 83.9
2020 63.3 84.1
2019 62.9 84.4
2018 61.9 84.2
2017 61.5 83.7
2016 61.3 81.6
2015 60.1 82.1
2014 58.3 81.2
2013 59.6 81.4
2012 60.2 82.1
2011 59.6 82.3
2010 59.2 82.1
2009 57.7 82
2008 55.6 80.7
2007 56.4 81.4
2006 51.5 82
2005 52.2 82.3
2004 56.7 81.5
2003 57.8 81.1
2002 59 80.7
2001 63.9 81.1
2000 63.2 80.9
1999 63.8 81.7
1998 61.1 79.2
1997 64.7 79
1996 64.3 78.1
1995 62.8 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/morocco/new-zealand | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Morocco is 61.8, ranking 91/197, compared to 77.8 for New Zealand, ranking 13/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Morocco New Zealand
Services, % of GDP
52.3%
2025
68.2%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
25.2%
2025
19.4%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
10.5%
2025
4.01%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$170B
2025
$248B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$10,960
2025
$53,600
2025
Total reserves including gold
$48.5B
2025
$28.2B
2025
Total reserves ranking
50/177
2025
59/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$2.51B
2025
-$3.58B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.75B
2024
$1.76B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$679M
2024
$882M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.63%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
3.9%
2022
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
31.9%
2025
23.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/morocco/new-zealand | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.