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Economy of Bahamas vs United Kingdom compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

The Bahamas has a GDP of $15.8B compared to $4T for the United Kingdom, ranking 145/197 and 5/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Bahamas has $11.7B in government debt (73.8% of GDP), compared to $4.1T (102.3% of GDP) in the United Kingdom.

Bahamas vs United Kingdom GDP by year

Bahamas
United Kingdom
1x
Year GDP, current $
Bahamas United Kingdom
2025 - $4,002,587,541,846
2024 $15,832,800,000 $3,695,539,513,534
2023 $15,271,300,000 $3,420,796,653,789
2022 $13,896,800,000 $3,181,244,350,465
2021 $12,037,000,000 $3,194,559,188,926
2020 $10,363,200,000 $2,724,001,478,305
2019 $13,277,000,000 $2,875,710,080,015
2018 $12,819,200,000 $2,897,028,009,916
2017 $12,446,900,000 $2,699,118,387,873
2016 $11,880,900,000 $2,706,807,606,539
2015 $11,837,600,000 $2,945,579,890,258
2014 $11,139,100,000 $3,085,362,169,410
2013 $10,475,300,000 $2,796,908,333,283
2012 $10,720,400,000 $2,719,715,961,540
2011 $10,070,450,000 $2,675,590,034,129
2010 $10,095,760,000 $2,496,740,681,057
2009 $9,981,960,000 $2,429,358,155,476
2008 $10,526,000,000 $2,945,251,838,235
2007 $10,618,340,000 $3,104,699,879,952
2006 $10,167,250,000 $2,719,558,417,663
2005 $9,836,200,000 $2,551,361,818,182
2004 $9,055,290,000 $2,429,774,807,763
2003 $8,870,090,000 $2,061,227,755,102
2002 $8,881,160,000 $1,790,536,570,743
2001 $8,317,830,000 $1,656,171,009,069
2000 $8,076,470,000 $1,671,597,821,153
1999 $7,683,870,000 $1,693,458,987,219
1998 $6,833,220,000 $1,660,821,464,061
1997 $6,332,360,000 $1,569,317,288,802
1996 $3,609,000,000 $1,425,287,051,482
1995 $3,429,000,000 $1,349,094,208,616
1994 $3,259,000,000 $1,140,489,745,944
1993 $3,092,000,000 $1,061,388,722,256
1992 $3,109,000,000 $1,179,659,529,660
1991 $3,111,160,000 $1,142,797,178,131
1990 $3,166,000,000 $1,093,169,389,205
1989 $3,062,000,000 $926,884,816,754
1988 $2,817,900,000 $910,122,732,124
1987 $2,713,999,900 $745,162,608,269
1986 $2,472,500,000 $601,452,653,181
1985 $2,320,699,900 $489,285,164,271
1984 $2,041,100,000 $461,487,097,632
1983 $1,732,800,000 $489,618,008,186
1982 $1,578,300,000 $515,048,916,841
1981 $1,426,500,000 $540,765,675,241
1980 $1,335,300,000 $564,947,710,899
1979 $1,139,800,100 $438,994,070,309
1978 $832,400,000 $335,883,029,722
1977 $713,000,000 $263,066,457,352
1976 $642,100,000 $232,614,555,256
1975 $596,200,000 $241,756,637,168
1974 $632,400,000 $206,131,369,799
1973 $670,900,000 $192,537,971,583
1972 $590,900,000 $169,965,034,965
1971 $573,400,000 $148,113,896,325
1970 $539,500,000 $130,671,946,244
1969 $538,700,000 $116,464,702,803
1968 $453,800,000 $107,759,910,068
1967 $398,000,000 $113,116,888,211
1966 $346,800,000 $108,572,752,102
1965 $300,272,048 $101,824,755,079
1964 $266,560,043 $94,407,558,351
1963 $237,650,038 $86,561,961,812
1962 $212,170,034 $81,247,564,157
1961 $190,022,030 $77,741,965,703
1960 $169,736,027 $73,233,967,692

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/united-kingdom | CC BY

GDP per capita in Bahamas vs United Kingdom by year

Bahamas
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Bahamas United Kingdom
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 - - $57,602 -
2024 $39,455 $41,198 $53,341 $62,009
2023 $38,232 $39,090 $49,920 $59,911
2022 $34,957 $36,791 $47,035 $59,022
2021 $30,368 $31,065 $47,696 $51,004
2020 $26,179 $27,205 $40,815 $48,230
2019 $33,640 $36,116 $43,161 $50,065
2018 $32,642 $35,228 $43,704 $47,212
2017 $31,875 $34,282 $40,918 $46,113
2016 $30,617 $32,285 $41,259 $44,085
2015 $30,719 $32,138 $45,256 $42,515
2014 $29,137 $31,726 $47,747 $41,267
2013 $27,643 $30,294 $43,608 $39,948
2012 $28,552 $31,036 $42,688 $38,337
2011 $27,091 $30,074 $42,296 $37,224
2010 $27,473 $29,625 $39,778 $36,484
2009 $27,513 $29,197 $39,009 $35,042
2008 $29,392 $30,679 $47,652 $36,745
2007 $30,052 $31,232 $50,629 $35,522
2006 $29,185 $30,402 $44,695 $34,727
2005 $28,602 $29,143 $42,240 $32,726
2004 $26,650 $27,660 $40,504 $32,051
2003 $26,429 $27,031 $34,557 $30,314
2002 $26,782 $27,171 $30,159 $29,089
2001 $25,372 $26,351 $28,014 $27,913
2000 $24,940 $25,422 $28,384 $26,536
1999 $24,041 $24,184 $28,858 $24,494
1998 $21,667 $22,556 $28,396 $23,689
1997 $20,368 $21,606 $26,910 $23,071
1996 $11,784 $21,287 $24,503 $21,947
1995 $11,375 $20,377 $23,253 $20,595
1994 $10,991 $19,441 $19,709 $19,605
1993 $10,613 $18,781 $18,389 $18,336
1992 $10,873 $18,636 $20,487 $17,349
1991 $11,082 $19,296 $19,901 $16,791
1990 $11,473 $19,817 $19,095 $16,505
1989 $11,291 - $16,239 -
1988 $10,576 - $15,987 -
1987 $10,361 - $13,119 -
1986 $9,601 - $10,611 -
1985 $9,167 - $8,652 -
1984 $8,202 - $8,179 -
1983 $7,081 - $8,692 -
1982 $6,559 - $9,146 -
1981 $6,029 - $9,599 -
1980 $5,743 - $10,032 -
1979 $4,994 - $7,805 -
1978 $3,720 - $5,977 -
1977 $3,253 - $4,681 -
1976 $2,993 - $4,138 -
1975 $2,841 - $4,300 -
1974 $3,080 - $3,666 -
1973 $3,341 - $3,426 -
1972 $3,014 - $3,030 -
1971 $3,004 - $2,650 -
1970 $2,916 - $2,348 -
1969 $3,027 - $2,101 -
1968 $2,668 - $1,952 -
1967 $2,453 - $2,059 -
1966 $2,239 - $1,987 -
1965 $2,030 - $1,874 -
1964 $1,883 - $1,748 -
1963 $1,759 - $1,613 -
1962 $1,651 - $1,526 -
1961 $1,555 - $1,472 -
1960 $1,459 - $1,398 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Bahamas' GDP per capita is $39,455, ranking 30/197, compared to $57,602 in the United Kingdom, ranking 21/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Bahamas ranks 57th at $41,198, while the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009.

Economic indicators

Bahamas United Kingdom
Gross domestic product
$15.8B
2024
$4T
2025
GDP rank
145/197
2024
5/197
2025
GDP growth
3.38%
2023-2024
1.39%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$39,455
2024
$57,602
2025
GDP per capita rank
30/197
2024
21/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$41,198
2024
$62,009
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
57/197
2024
32/197
2024
Government debt
$11.7B
2024
$4.1T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
73.8%
2025
102.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$29,123
2024
$58,936
2025
Government debt per person rank
25/185
2024
7/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$36,621
2026
$43,539
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$3.1T
2022
Number of millionaires n/a
2,428,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
56
2026
Income share by richest 10% n/a
25%
2021
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
2.9%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
21.5%
2025
43.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.41%
2023-2024
3.88%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4%
2016
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
10.3%
2023
4.9%
2025
Population
405486
70071289

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Bahamas
Spending

Debt
United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Bahamas United Kingdom
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 21.5% 73.8% 43.6% 102.3%
2024 21% 73.8% 43.7% 99.9%
2023 23.2% 78.3% 44.2% 98.9%
2022 25.6% 84.7% 43.2% 97.5%
2021 28.9% 90.7% 44.9% 103.4%
2020 24.8% 71.9% 49.3% 104.8%
2019 20.3% 60.3% 38.3% 84.9%
2018 19.4% 61.5% 38.5% 85.6%
2017 23.1% 54.6% 38.8% 86.1%
2016 19.4% 51.1% 39.3% 87.3%
2015 18.4% 49.9% 40.1% 87.3%
2014 18.1% 47.7% 40.8% 86.5%
2013 18.1% 44.2% 41.6% 84.9%
2012 17% 37.6% 43.3% 84.1%
2011 17.1% 35.3% 43.3% 81.1%
2010 15.4% 33.9% 44.5% 75.5%
2009 15.2% 30.1% 44.2% 64.5%
2008 14.3% 25.3% 40.6% 50.6%
2007 13.6% 23.5% 38.4% 43%
2006 13.2% 23.2% 38.2% 41.9%
2005 12.9% 23% 38.3% 40.9%
2004 12.5% 21.6% 37.9% 39.7%
2003 11.8% 20.8% 37% 36.6%
2002 11.6% 19.4% 35.8% 35.3%
2001 11.4% 18.5% 34.5% 34.8%
2000 11.6% 19.2% 33.8% 37.5%
1999 9.3% 19.8% 33.7% 40.3%
1998 12% 20.8% 34.3% 41.8%
1997 12.9% 21.5% 34.7% 43.9%
1996 11.5% 20.7% 35.6% 43.5%
1995 11.5% 21% 37.5% 43.5%
1994 11.7% 20.9% 37.4% 40.6%
1993 11.5% 19.7% 37.6% 37.8%
1992 11.8% 17.9% 37.7% 33.1%
1991 11.9% 15.3% 35.7% 28.4%
1990 11.4% 13.2% 34.9% 28.4%
1989 - - 39.7% 31.4%
1988 - - 40.3% 36.6%
1987 - - 42.7% 41.8%
1986 - - 44.6% 42.9%
1985 - - 48.7% 42.9%
1984 - - 50.3% 44.1%
1983 - - 50.4% 44.2%
1982 - - 50.8% 44.7%
1981 - - 51.2% 41.1%
1980 - - 47.6% 43.7%
1979 - - 45.1% 44.5%
1978 - - 46.2% 47.3%
1977 - - 46.8% 53.7%
1976 - - 49.2% 47.7%
1975 - - 49.1% 49.6%
1974 - - 47.8% 56.2%
1973 - - 43.5% 58.5%
1972 - - 42.3% 65%
1971 - - 41.2% 67.9%
1970 - - 42% 73.4%
1969 - - 39.2% 82.8%
1968 - - 40.3% 88.5%
1967 - - 40.1% 89.1%
1966 - - 35.7% 91.9%
1965 - - 34.6% 94.6%
1964 - - 32.8% 101.1%
1963 - - 37.4% 108.6%
1962 - - 33.8% 110.5%
1961 - - 31.5% 113.8%
1960 - - 33.1% 117.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2025, the Bahamas' government spending was $3.32B, accounting for 21.5% of its GDP, while the United Kingdom spent $1.75T, or 43.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 73.8% in the Bahamas and 102.3% in the United Kingdom, ranking 52/185 and 22/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Bahamas

United Kingdom
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Bahamas United Kingdom
2025 -0.49% -5.38%
2024 -1.2% -6.06%
2023 -3.65% -6.05%
2022 -5.53% -4.6%
2021 -11.9% -7.54%
2020 -7.11% -12.9%
2019 -1.68% -2.38%
2018 -3.28% -2.23%
2017 -6.05% -2.48%
2016 -2.61% -3.28%
2015 -3.34% -4.53%
2014 -4.51% -5.47%
2013 -5.1% -5.29%
2012 -3.25% -7.96%
2011 -2.87% -7.42%
2010 -2.57% -9.25%
2009 -2.39% -9.97%
2008 -0.82% -5.05%
2007 -0.77% -2.63%
2006 -0.44% -2.74%
2005 -1.16% -3.13%
2004 -1.95% -3.14%
2003 -1.63% -3.19%
2002 -1.67% -1.95%
2001 0.3% 0.34%
2000 0.09% 1.4%
1999 1.78% 0.76%
1998 -0.43% -0.21%
1997 -1.6% -2%
1996 -0.15% -3.63%
1995 0.18% -4.97%
1994 -0.4% -5.72%
1993 -1.05% -6.6%
1992 -2.23% -5.39%
1991 -2.27% -2.76%
1990 -2.64% -1.53%
1989 - 0.77%
1988 - 0.46%
1987 - -1.79%
1986 - -2.56%
1985 - -5.57%
1984 - -6.39%
1983 - -6.26%
1982 - -5.66%
1981 - -7.03%
1980 - -5.65%
1979 - -5.79%
1978 - -6.63%
1977 - -4.41%
1976 - -5.61%
1975 - -5.08%
1974 - -4.06%
1973 - -4.29%
1972 - -1.66%
1971 - 1.48%
1970 - 2.61%
1969 - 1.03%
1968 - -2.3%
1967 - -4.57%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.06%
1964 - -1.76%
1963 - -5.47%
1962 - -0.49%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.75%
1959 - -0.58%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - -1.04%
1956 - 0.55%
1955 - -0.39%
1954 - -1.65%
1953 - -2.84%
1952 - -1.26%
1951 - 2.03%
1950 - 0.34%
1949 - 3.01%
1948 - -0.39%
1947 - -15.8%
1946 - -22.5%
1945 - -30.9%
1944 - -29.7%
1943 - -33.3%
1942 - -31.6%
1941 - -32%
1940 - -12.1%
1939 - -2.99%
1938 - 0%
1937 - 0.82%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 0.37%
1934 - 0.48%
1933 - 0.99%
1932 - -0.15%
1931 - 0.8%
1930 - 1.01%
1929 - 0.75%
1928 - 1.75%
1927 - 1.62%
1926 - 0.6%
1925 - 0.84%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - 2.23%
1922 - 2.45%
1921 - 1.15%
1920 - 4.2%
1919 - -6.28%
1918 - -34.4%
1917 - -48.8%
1916 - -50.6%
1915 - -30%
1914 - -14.6%
1913 - 0.25%
1912 - 0.22%
1911 - 0.51%
1910 - 1.75%
1909 - -1.25%
1908 - 0.34%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.58%
1905 - 0.36%
1904 - 0.2%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.77%
1901 - -2.74%
1900 - -2.96%
1899 - -0.79%
1898 - 0.01%
1897 - 0.25%
1896 - 0.17%
1895 - 0.3%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - -0.007%
1892 - 0.14%
1891 - 0.19%
1890 - 0.23%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - 0.27%
1887 - 0.25%
1886 - 0.07%
1885 - -0.21%
1884 - -0.04%
1883 - 0.06%
1882 - 0.02%
1881 - 0.06%
1880 - 0.1%
1879 - -0.86%
1878 - -0.18%
1877 - -0.18%
1876 - 0.09%
1875 - 0%
1874 - 0.09%
1873 - 0%
1872 - 0.55%
1871 - 0.29%
1870 - 0%
1869 - 0.77%
1868 - -0.45%
1867 - -0.45%
1866 - 0.11%
1865 - 0%
1864 - 0.24%
1863 - 0%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.4%
1860 - -0.43%
1859 - 0%
1858 - -0.15%
1857 - -0.15%
1856 - -0.6%
1855 - -3.57%
1854 - -3.39%
1853 - 0.5%
1852 - 0.35%
1851 - 0.35%
1850 - 0.37%
1849 - 0.34%
1848 - -0.17%
1847 - -6.13%
1846 - 0.52%
1845 - 0.56%
1844 - 0.59%
1843 - 0.44%
1842 - -0.87%
1841 - -0.42%
1840 - -0.2%
1839 - -0.18%
1838 - -0.19%
1837 - -0.21%
1836 - 0.59%
1835 - 0.42%
1834 - 0.23%
1833 - 0.24%
1832 - 0%
1831 - 0%
1830 - 0.45%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, the Bahamas' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $190M, equivalent to 1.2% of GDP. This compares to the United Kingdom's deficit of $224B, or 6.06% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, the Bahamas recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while the United Kingdom ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, the Bahamas posted an annual deficit equal to 2.4% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.27% of GDP for the United Kingdom.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Bahamas

United Kingdom
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Bahamas United Kingdom
2025 - 3.88%
2024 0.41% 3.27%
2023 3.05% 6.79%
2022 5.61% 7.92%
2021 2.9% 2.52%
2020 0.04% 0.99%
2019 2.49% 1.74%
2018 2.27% 2.29%
2017 1.52% 2.56%
2016 -0.35% 1.01%
2015 1.86% 0.37%
2014 1.51% 1.45%
2013 0.72% 2.29%
2012 1.97% 2.57%
2011 3.2% 3.86%
2010 1.34% 2.49%
2009 2.06% 1.96%
2008 4.49% 3.52%
2007 2.49% 2.39%
2006 2.39% 2.46%
2005 1.59% 2.09%
2004 0.98% 1.39%
2003 3.03% 1.38%
2002 2.17% 1.52%
2001 2.04% 1.53%
2000 1.61% 1.18%
1999 1.25% 1.75%
1998 1.34% 1.82%
1997 0.54% 2.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/united-kingdom | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, the Bahamas has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.95%, compared with 2.4% in the United Kingdom. In 2024, inflation was 0.41% in the Bahamas and 3.88% in the United Kingdom.

Top exports between countries

Bahamas
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $3.48M
Machinery & equipment $691K
Precious metals & jewellery $103K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $58K
Raw agricultural goods $49K
Textiles & consumer goods $48K
Wood & paper products $3K
Chemicals & pharma $2K
United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $8.91M
Chemicals & pharma $7.67M
Machinery & equipment $5.33M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.3M
Metals $1.54M
Wood & paper products $1.24M
Precious metals & jewellery $790K
Animal & marine products $645K
Raw materials & minerals $321K
Raw agricultural goods $168K

Balance of trade

Bahamas United Kingdom
Current account balance
-$1.05B
2024
-$97.1B
2025
Current account balance ranking
120/190
2024
189/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-6.65%
2024
-2.43%
2025
Goods imports
$4.6B
2024
$827B
2025
Goods exports
$874M
2024
$506B
2025
Service imports
$2.47B
2024
$450B
2025
Service exports
$5.9B
2024
$720B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.5%
2024
31.9%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
37.8%
2024
30.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Bahamas United Kingdom
Economic freedom 65.1 70.4
Economic freedom ranking 66/197 35/197
Property rights 62.7 93.6
Government integrity 67.1 83
Judicial effectiveness 79.8 83.1
Tax burden 96.1 61.7
Government spending 83.8 41.1
Fiscal health 9.1 32.4
Business freedom 69.4 83.6
Labor freedom 66.5 61.2
Monetary freedom 77.2 71.9
Trade freedom 59.4 82.8
Investment freedom 50 70
Financial freedom 60 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Bahamas
United Kingdom
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Bahamas United Kingdom
2026 65.1 70.4
2025 63.2 69.3
2024 62.5 68.6
2023 62.6 69.9
2022 68.7 72.7
2021 64.6 78.4
2020 64.5 79.3
2019 62.9 78.9
2018 63.3 78
2017 61.1 76.4
2016 70.9 76.4
2015 68.7 75.8
2014 69.8 74.9
2013 70.1 74.8
2012 68 74.1
2011 68 74.5
2010 67.3 76.5
2009 70.3 79
2008 71.1 79.4
2007 72 79.9
2006 72.3 80.4
2005 72.6 79.2
2004 72.1 77.7
2003 73.5 77.5
2002 74.4 78.5
2001 74.8 77.6
2000 73.9 77.3
1999 74.7 76.2
1998 74.5 76.5
1997 74.5 76.4
1996 74 76.4
1995 71.8 77.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Bahamas is 65.1, ranking 66/197, compared to 70.4 for the United Kingdom, ranking 35/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Bahamas United Kingdom
Services, % of GDP
77.2%
2024
73.1%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
9.63%
2024
16.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.51%
2024
0.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$14.9B
2024
$3.79T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$39,610
2024
$64,210
2025
Total reserves including gold
$2.63B
2024
$214B
2025
Total reserves ranking
123/177
2024
19/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$77.6M
2024
$10.3B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$241M
2024
-$13B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$163M
2024
-$72.5B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.3%
2020
18.6%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
26.8%
2024
19.7%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/united-kingdom | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.