Skip to content

Economy of Bahamas vs Finland compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

The Bahamas has a GDP of $15.8B compared to $317B for Finland, ranking 145/197 and 48/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Bahamas has $11.7B in government debt (73.8% of GDP), compared to $283B (89.3% of GDP) in Finland.

Bahamas vs Finland GDP by year

Bahamas
Finland
1x
Year GDP, current $
Bahamas Finland
2025 - $317,039,368,820
2024 $15,832,800,000 $298,729,432,712
2023 $15,271,300,000 $295,191,741,637
2022 $13,896,800,000 $280,253,099,309
2021 $12,037,000,000 $294,223,210,496
2020 $10,363,200,000 $270,000,311,606
2019 $13,277,000,000 $267,014,821,129
2018 $12,819,200,000 $273,869,255,596
2017 $12,446,900,000 $253,846,138,440
2016 $11,880,900,000 $238,777,818,793
2015 $11,837,600,000 $233,210,733,506
2014 $11,139,100,000 $273,478,528,955
2013 $10,475,300,000 $270,268,036,626
2012 $10,720,400,000 $257,443,384,493
2011 $10,070,450,000 $275,126,915,516
2010 $10,095,760,000 $249,429,613,683
2009 $9,981,960,000 $253,480,783,439
2008 $10,526,000,000 $285,698,662,071
2007 $10,618,340,000 $256,360,251,538
2006 $10,167,250,000 $217,044,068,234
2005 $9,836,200,000 $204,859,368,791
2004 $9,055,290,000 $197,458,297,640
2003 $8,870,090,000 $171,612,867,736
2002 $8,881,160,000 $140,360,963,812
2001 $8,317,830,000 $129,519,672,869
2000 $8,076,470,000 $125,967,821,111
1999 $7,683,870,000 $135,234,241,918
1998 $6,833,220,000 $133,990,876,725
1997 $6,332,360,000 $126,862,902,302
1996 $3,609,000,000 $131,991,975,149
1995 $3,429,000,000 $134,060,457,516
1994 $3,259,000,000 $103,182,697,780
1993 $3,092,000,000 $89,112,105,756
1992 $3,109,000,000 $112,537,828,511
1991 $3,111,160,000 $127,794,441,994
1990 $3,166,000,000 $141,446,120,355
1989 $3,062,000,000 $118,991,270,611
1988 $2,817,900,000 $109,039,090,263
1987 $2,713,999,900 $91,564,993,913
1986 $2,472,500,000 $73,511,611,541
1985 $2,320,699,900 $55,856,676,899
1984 $2,041,100,000 $52,870,993,273
1983 $1,732,800,000 $50,956,447,481
1982 $1,578,300,000 $52,784,013,815
1981 $1,426,500,000 $52,440,066,134
1980 $1,335,300,000 $53,649,984,061
1979 $1,139,800,100 $44,469,218,440
1978 $832,400,000 $36,259,392,058
1977 $713,000,000 $33,502,784,418
1976 $642,100,000 $31,852,352,670
1975 $596,200,000 $29,475,251,333
1974 $632,400,000 $24,851,036,710
1973 $670,900,000 $19,474,098,335
1972 $590,900,000 $14,744,499,570
1971 $573,400,000 $12,528,522,307
1970 $539,500,000 $11,358,529,162
1969 $538,700,000 $10,177,524,839
1968 $453,800,000 $8,916,565,041
1967 $398,000,000 $9,468,272,357
1966 $346,800,000 $9,306,142,172
1965 $300,272,048 $8,680,393,839
1964 $266,560,043 $7,848,987,793
1963 $237,650,038 $6,958,916,548
1962 $212,170,034 $6,407,796,043
1961 $190,022,030 $5,984,433,774
1960 $169,736,027 $5,279,481,824

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/finland | CC BY

GDP per capita in Bahamas vs Finland by year

Bahamas
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Finland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Bahamas Finland
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 - - $56,149 -
2024 $39,455 $41,198 $53,156 $65,378
2023 $38,232 $39,090 $52,865 $63,415
2022 $34,957 $36,791 $50,441 $62,133
2021 $30,368 $31,065 $53,099 $56,790
2020 $26,179 $27,205 $48,829 $53,297
2019 $33,640 $36,116 $48,358 $52,276
2018 $32,642 $35,228 $49,654 $49,249
2017 $31,875 $34,282 $46,085 $47,235
2016 $30,617 $32,285 $43,451 $44,562
2015 $30,719 $32,138 $42,560 $42,258
2014 $29,137 $31,726 $50,074 $41,547
2013 $27,643 $30,294 $49,691 $41,326
2012 $28,552 $31,036 $47,552 $40,739
2011 $27,091 $30,074 $51,060 $40,846
2010 $27,473 $29,625 $46,506 $38,946
2009 $27,513 $29,197 $47,478 $37,988
2008 $29,392 $30,679 $53,769 $40,081
2007 $30,052 $31,232 $48,473 $37,843
2006 $29,185 $30,402 $41,214 $34,440
2005 $28,602 $29,143 $39,050 $32,048
2004 $26,650 $27,660 $37,768 $31,195
2003 $26,429 $27,031 $32,920 $29,043
2002 $26,782 $27,171 $26,989 $28,596
2001 $25,372 $26,351 $24,965 $27,798
2000 $24,940 $25,422 $24,336 $26,783
1999 $24,041 $24,184 $26,180 $24,762
1998 $21,667 $22,556 $26,000 $23,570
1997 $20,368 $21,606 $24,682 $21,787
1996 $11,784 $21,287 $25,757 $20,067
1995 $11,375 $20,377 $26,246 $19,568
1994 $10,991 $19,441 $20,278 $18,458
1993 $10,613 $18,781 $17,589 $17,458
1992 $10,873 $18,636 $22,320 $17,271
1991 $11,082 $19,296 $25,489 $17,563
1990 $11,473 $19,817 $28,366 $18,149
1989 $11,291 - $23,969 -
1988 $10,576 - $22,044 -
1987 $10,361 - $18,565 -
1986 $9,601 - $14,947 -
1985 $9,167 - $11,394 -
1984 $8,202 - $10,830 -
1983 $7,081 - $10,494 -
1982 $6,559 - $10,935 -
1981 $6,029 - $10,925 -
1980 $5,743 - $11,225 -
1979 $4,994 - $9,333 -
1978 $3,720 - $7,629 -
1977 $3,253 - $7,070 -
1976 $2,993 - $6,740 -
1975 $2,841 - $6,256 -
1974 $3,080 - $5,298 -
1973 $3,341 - $4,174 -
1972 $3,014 - $3,178 -
1971 $3,004 - $2,716 -
1970 $2,916 - $2,466 -
1969 $3,027 - $2,201 -
1968 $2,668 - $1,927 -
1967 $2,453 - $2,056 -
1966 $2,239 - $2,032 -
1965 $2,030 - $1,902 -
1964 $1,883 - $1,726 -
1963 $1,759 - $1,538 -
1962 $1,651 - $1,427 -
1961 $1,555 - $1,341 -
1960 $1,459 - $1,192 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/finland | CC BY

The Bahamas' GDP per capita is $39,455, ranking 30/197, compared to $56,149 in Finland, ranking 22/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Bahamas ranks 57th at $41,198, while Finland ranks 27th at $65,378.

Economic indicators

Bahamas Finland
Gross domestic product
$15.8B
2024
$317B
2025
GDP rank
145/197
2024
48/197
2025
GDP growth
3.38%
2023-2024
0.17%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$39,455
2024
$56,149
2025
GDP per capita rank
30/197
2024
22/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$41,198
2024
$65,378
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
57/197
2024
27/197
2024
Government debt
$11.7B
2024
$283B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
73.8%
2025
89.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$29,123
2024
$50,138
2025
Government debt per person rank
25/185
2024
11/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$36,621
2026
$36,402
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$20.3B
2004
Number of billionaires n/a
7
2026
Income share by richest 10% n/a
22.5%
2023
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
3.7%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
21.5%
2025
57.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.41%
2023-2024
0.34%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4%
2016
n/a
Unemployment rate
10.3%
2023
9.7%
2025
Population
405486
5647947

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Bahamas
Spending

Debt
Finland
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Bahamas Finland
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 21.5% 73.8% 57.6% 89.3%
2024 21% 73.8% 57.8% 82.4%
2023 23.2% 78.3% 56% 77%
2022 25.6% 84.7% 52.6% 74%
2021 28.9% 90.7% 55.2% 73.1%
2020 24.8% 71.9% 56.5% 75.3%
2019 20.3% 60.3% 52.6% 65.3%
2018 19.4% 61.5% 52.7% 65.3%
2017 23.1% 54.6% 52.8% 66.6%
2016 19.4% 51.1% 55.1% 68.6%
2015 18.4% 49.9% 55.7% 68.8%
2014 18.1% 47.7% 57.6% 64.8%
2013 18.1% 44.2% 57.1% 60.8%
2012 17% 37.6% 55.7% 57.9%
2011 17.1% 35.3% 53.8% 52%
2010 15.4% 33.9% 54% 50.1%
2009 15.2% 30.1% 54.1% 41.5%
2008 14.3% 25.3% 47.9% 32.6%
2007 13.6% 23.5% 46.7% 33.9%
2006 13.2% 23.2% 48.3% 38%
2005 12.9% 23% 49.2% 39.9%
2004 12.5% 21.6% 48.2% 42.6%
2003 11.8% 20.8% 48.3% 42.7%
2002 11.6% 19.4% 47.5% 40.1%
2001 11.4% 18.5% 46.2% 40.9%
2000 11.6% 19.2% 46.9% 42.4%
1999 9.3% 19.8% 49.9% 44%
1998 12% 20.8% 51.3% 46.8%
1997 12.9% 21.5% 54.9% 52.2%
1996 11.5% 20.7% 58.5% 55.4%
1995 11.5% 21% 60% 55.2%
1994 11.7% 20.9% 62.2% 56.2%
1993 11.5% 19.7% 63.7% 54.2%
1992 11.8% 17.9% 60.8% 39.3%
1991 11.9% 15.3% 55.8% 21.9%
1990 11.4% 13.2% 47.1% 13.9%
1989 - - 44.4% 14.3%
1988 - - 46.4% 16.5%
1987 - - 47.8% 17.6%
1986 - - 46.9% 16.4%
1985 - - 46.3% 15.8%
1984 - - 44.4% 15.2%
1983 - - 44.4% 15.4%
1982 - - 42.7% 13.9%
1981 - - 41% 11.5%
1980 - - 40.1% 10.9%
1979 - - 40.3% 11%
1978 - - 41.3% 10.7%
1977 - - 41.7% 8.22%
1976 - - 39.8% 7.09%
1975 - - 38.6% 6.76%
1974 - - 22.9% 2.97%
1973 - - 21.8% 4.42%
1972 - - 20.4% 6.46%
1971 - - 22.8% 7.94%
1970 - - 21.9% 9.19%
1969 - - 22.2% 10.8%
1968 - - 25.5% 13.9%
1967 - - 23.5% 14.2%
1966 - - 23.3% 13.7%
1965 - - 23.2% 13%
1964 - - 22.8% 12.5%
1963 - - 21.6% 12.2%
1962 - - 23.9% 10.3%
1961 - - 22.7% 9.12%
1960 - - 22.5% 9.96%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/finland | CC BY

In 2025, the Bahamas' government spending was $3.32B, accounting for 21.5% of its GDP, while Finland spent $183B, or 57.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 73.8% in the Bahamas and 89.3% in Finland, ranking 52/185 and 31/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Bahamas

Finland
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Bahamas Finland
2025 -0.49% -3.88%
2024 -1.2% -4.4%
2023 -3.65% -2.89%
2022 -5.53% -0.18%
2021 -11.9% -2.69%
2020 -7.11% -5.53%
2019 -1.68% -0.93%
2018 -3.28% -0.87%
2017 -6.05% -0.63%
2016 -2.61% -1.7%
2015 -3.34% -2.43%
2014 -4.51% -2.99%
2013 -5.1% -2.52%
2012 -3.25% -2.15%
2011 -2.87% -1.01%
2010 -2.57% -2.57%
2009 -2.39% -2.48%
2008 -0.82% 4.18%
2007 -0.77% 5.12%
2006 -0.44% 3.93%
2005 -1.16% 2.59%
2004 -1.95% 2.16%
2003 -1.63% 2.34%
2002 -1.67% 3.97%
2001 0.3% 4.89%
2000 0.09% 6.73%
1999 1.78% 1.6%
1998 -0.43% 1.54%
1997 -1.6% -1.33%
1996 -0.15% -3.37%
1995 0.18% -5.98%
1994 -0.4% -6.41%
1993 -1.05% -8.09%
1992 -2.23% -4.88%
1991 -2.27% 0.3%
1990 -2.64% 6.63%
1989 - 6.73%
1988 - 5.09%
1987 - 1.63%
1986 - 3.83%
1985 - 3.33%
1984 - 3.23%
1983 - 1.52%
1982 - 3.06%
1981 - 5.11%
1980 - 3.7%
1979 - 3.41%
1978 - 3.83%
1977 - 6.27%
1976 - 7.65%
1975 - 4.96%
1974 - -0.03%
1973 - 1.48%
1972 - -0.18%
1971 - 0.15%
1970 - 1.06%
1969 - 0.94%
1968 - -1.69%
1967 - -0.26%
1966 - -1.08%
1965 - -1.67%
1964 - -1.35%
1963 - -2.5%
1962 - -2.37%
1961 - -3.03%
1960 - -0.52%
1959 - -0.12%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - 0.08%
1956 - -1.14%
1955 - -1%
1954 - -0.17%
1953 - 0.02%
1952 - -1.24%
1951 - 1.1%
1950 - -0.26%
1949 - -2.77%
1948 - 1.88%
1947 - -5.99%
1946 - -15.3%
1945 - -6.35%
1944 - -21.5%
1943 - -14.2%
1942 - -16.4%
1941 - -35.8%
1940 - -36.9%
1939 - -9.76%
1938 - -1.48%
1937 - -4.44%
1936 - -3.75%
1935 - -3.81%
1934 - -2.81%
1933 - -1.63%
1932 - -2.61%
1931 - -2.32%
1930 - -1.94%
1929 - -0.78%
1928 - -2.07%
1927 - -0.32%
1926 - -2.9%
1925 - -2.92%
1924 - 0.04%
1923 - -2.3%
1922 - 0.62%
1921 - -2.59%
1920 - -2.6%
1919 - -7.49%
1918 - -11.4%
1917 - -1.27%
1916 - 1.48%
1915 - -0.29%
1914 - -1.15%
1913 - -0.25%
1912 - 0.33%
1911 - -0.14%
1910 - -0.3%
1909 - -2.64%
1908 - -1.92%
1907 - 0.24%
1906 - 0.86%
1905 - -1.28%
1904 - -1.63%
1903 - -0.3%
1902 - -1.74%
1901 - -2.13%
1900 - -0.52%
1899 - -1%
1898 - -4.55%
1897 - -0.37%
1896 - -0.56%
1895 - -1.21%
1894 - -0.62%
1893 - 0%
1892 - 0.82%
1891 - 0.16%
1890 - 0.17%
1889 - 0.18%
1888 - -0.59%
1887 - -1.46%
1886 - 0%
1885 - -1.2%
1884 - -0.2%
1883 - 0%
1882 - 0.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1882–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/finland | CC BY

In 2024, the Bahamas' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $190M, equivalent to 1.2% of GDP. This compares to Finland's deficit of $13.2B, or 4.4% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, the Bahamas recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while Finland ran a deficit in 22 years. On average, the Bahamas posted an annual deficit equal to 2.4% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.57% of GDP for Finland.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Bahamas

Finland
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Bahamas Finland
2025 - 0.34%
2024 0.41% 1.57%
2023 3.05% 6.25%
2022 5.61% 7.12%
2021 2.9% 2.19%
2020 0.04% 0.29%
2019 2.49% 1.02%
2018 2.27% 1.08%
2017 1.52% 0.75%
2016 -0.35% 0.36%
2015 1.86% -0.21%
2014 1.51% 1.04%
2013 0.72% 1.48%
2012 1.97% 2.81%
2011 3.2% 3.42%
2010 1.34% 1.18%
2009 2.06% -0%
2008 4.49% 4.07%
2007 2.49% 2.51%
2006 2.39% 1.57%
2005 1.59% 0.62%
2004 0.98% 0.19%
2003 3.03% 0.88%
2002 2.17% 1.57%
2001 2.04% 2.58%
2000 1.61% 3.04%
1999 1.25% 1.16%
1998 1.34% 1.4%
1997 0.54% 1.19%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/finland | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, the Bahamas has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.95%, compared with 1.83% in Finland. In 2024, inflation was 0.41% in the Bahamas and 0.34% in Finland.

Top exports between countries

Bahamas
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $285K
Machinery & equipment $220K
Metals $6K
Finland
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $22.9M
Metals $1.55M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $245K
Raw materials & minerals $233K
Chemicals & pharma $226K
Animal & marine products $100K
Textiles & consumer goods $100K
Wood & paper products $30K
Miscellaneous $1K

Balance of trade

Bahamas Finland
Current account balance
-$1.05B
2024
$4.23B
2025
Current account balance ranking
120/190
2024
33/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-6.65%
2024
+1.34%
2025
Goods imports
$4.6B
2024
$81.3B
2025
Goods exports
$874M
2024
$90.7B
2025
Service imports
$2.47B
2024
$48.9B
2025
Service exports
$5.9B
2024
$43.6B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.5%
2024
41.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
37.8%
2024
42.3%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Bahamas Finland
Economic freedom 65.1 76.6
Economic freedom ranking 66/197 15/197
Property rights 62.7 99.9
Government integrity 67.1 95.4
Judicial effectiveness 79.8 96.4
Tax burden 96.1 68.4
Government spending 83.8 7.9
Fiscal health 9.1 76.3
Business freedom 69.4 85.3
Labor freedom 66.5 65.4
Monetary freedom 77.2 80.3
Trade freedom 59.4 79.4
Investment freedom 50 85
Financial freedom 60 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Bahamas
Finland
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Bahamas Finland
2026 65.1 76.6
2025 63.2 77
2024 62.5 76.3
2023 62.6 77.1
2022 68.7 78.3
2021 64.6 76.1
2020 64.5 75.7
2019 62.9 74.9
2018 63.3 74.1
2017 61.1 74
2016 70.9 72.6
2015 68.7 73.4
2014 69.8 73.4
2013 70.1 74
2012 68 72.3
2011 68 74
2010 67.3 73.8
2009 70.3 74.5
2008 71.1 74.6
2007 72 74
2006 72.3 72.9
2005 72.6 71
2004 72.1 73.4
2003 73.5 73.7
2002 74.4 73.6
2001 74.8 69.7
2000 73.9 64.3
1999 74.7 63.9
1998 74.5 63.5
1997 74.5 65.2
1996 74 63.7
1995 71.8 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/finland | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Bahamas is 65.1, ranking 66/197, compared to 76.6 for Finland, ranking 15/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Bahamas Finland
Services, % of GDP
77.2%
2024
62.1%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
9.63%
2024
22.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.51%
2024
2.61%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$14.9B
2024
$312B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$39,610
2024
$66,300
2025
Total reserves including gold
$2.63B
2024
$22.5B
2025
Total reserves ranking
123/177
2024
64/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$77.6M
2024
$6.97B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$241M
2024
$8.74B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$163M
2024
$12.5B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.3%
2020
12.2%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
26.8%
2024
21.9%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/finland | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1882–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.