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Economy of Argentina vs Bahamas compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Argentina has a GDP of $633B compared to $15.8B for the Bahamas, ranking 24/197 and 140/197 by economy size, respectively.

Argentina has $540B in government debt (73.1% of GDP), compared to $12.3B (78.3% of GDP) in the Bahamas.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Argentina
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Bahamas
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Argentina Bahamas
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $15,865,474,315 $150,797,810,296 $169,736,027 $2,184,283,332
1961 $20,132,220,375 $158,982,878,500 $190,022,030 $2,417,282,963
1962 $18,337,691,145 $157,628,310,159 $212,170,034 $2,669,936,699
1963 $18,272,123,664 $149,261,089,203 $237,650,038 $2,950,922,311
1964 $25,605,249,382 $164,381,681,832 $266,560,043 $3,260,815,401
1965 $28,344,705,967 $181,755,894,112 $300,272,048 $3,600,774,856
1966 $28,630,474,728 $180,556,802,912 $346,800,000 $3,927,434,584
1967 $24,256,667,553 $186,320,169,965 $398,000,000 $4,304,394,228
1968 $26,436,857,247 $195,305,461,613 $453,800,000 $4,666,900,132
1969 $31,256,284,544 $214,210,104,570 $538,700,000 $5,086,065,354
1970 $31,584,210,366 $220,734,180,309 $539,500,000 $4,798,720,488
1971 $33,293,199,095 $233,223,609,574 $573,400,000 $4,876,772,097
1972 $34,733,000,536 $237,021,461,356 $590,900,000 $4,706,214,993
1973 $52,544,000,117 $243,685,921,868 $670,900,000 $5,062,361,052
1974 $72,436,777,342 $257,171,024,124 $632,400,000 $4,214,201,484
1975 $52,438,647,922 $257,097,956,426 $596,200,000 $3,590,367,916
1976 $51,169,499,892 $251,909,073,021 $642,100,000 $3,776,535,134
1977 $56,781,000,101 $269,376,820,356 $713,000,000 $4,122,274,252
1978 $89,049,453,088 $257,238,364,643 $832,400,000 $4,706,792,960
1979 $69,252,328,952 $283,535,234,199 $1,139,800,100 $5,937,115,493
1980 $76,961,923,741 $287,841,521,829 $1,335,300,000 $6,322,747,882
1981 $78,676,842,367 $272,903,153,784 $1,426,500,000 $5,739,385,550
1982 $84,307,486,837 $270,895,516,738 $1,578,300,000 $6,123,861,119
1983 $103,979,106,778 $282,677,015,450 $1,732,800,000 $6,344,139,580
1984 $116,915,052,107 $287,117,132,733 $2,041,100,000 $7,243,177,030
1985 $88,150,891,728 $272,218,554,793 $2,320,699,900 $7,592,963,094
1986 $105,872,372,614 $288,969,188,904 $2,472,500,000 $7,729,408,658
1987 $108,810,885,301 $296,785,426,416 $2,713,999,900 $7,960,094,355
1988 $126,890,235,049 $293,550,663,102 $2,817,900,000 $8,143,949,264
1989 $76,629,728,760 $272,541,389,929 $3,062,000,000 $8,691,819,590
1990 $141,352,654,305 $265,817,211,205 $3,166,000,000 $8,553,076,499
1991 $189,719,984,268 $290,094,591,012 $3,111,160,000 $8,195,405,227
1992 $228,778,917,308 $313,120,244,490 $3,109,000,000 $7,881,883,256
1993 $236,741,715,015 $338,817,957,426 $3,092,000,000 $7,906,144,212
1994 $257,440,000,000 $358,592,053,442 $3,259,000,000 $8,155,102,050
1995 $258,031,750,000 $348,389,357,874 $3,429,000,000 $8,512,193,747
1996 $272,149,750,000 $367,643,757,075 $3,609,000,000 $8,871,708,834
1997 $292,859,000,000 $397,463,514,161 $6,332,360,000 $8,985,954,549
1998 $298,948,250,000 $412,766,570,326 $6,833,220,000 $9,409,803,923
1999 $283,523,000,000 $398,792,535,409 $7,683,870,000 $10,082,050,093
2000 $284,203,750,000 $395,646,066,536 $8,076,470,000 $10,500,295,806
2001 $268,696,750,000 $378,202,665,752 $8,317,830,000 $10,776,034,606
2002 $97,724,004,252 $336,999,433,710 $8,881,160,000 $11,067,521,627
2003 $127,586,973,492 $366,780,211,149 $8,870,090,000 $10,927,526,700
2004 $164,657,930,453 $399,898,899,167 $9,055,290,000 $11,023,948,327
2005 $198,737,095,012 $435,296,589,745 $9,836,200,000 $11,398,330,895
2006 $232,557,260,817 $470,325,565,798 $10,167,250,000 $11,685,180,403
2007 $287,530,508,431 $512,690,850,742 $10,618,340,000 $11,854,159,786
2008 $361,558,037,110 $533,491,913,656 $10,526,000,000 $11,578,710,831
2009 $332,976,484,578 $501,917,060,966 $9,981,960,000 $11,095,250,091
2010 $423,627,422,092 $552,738,161,802 $10,095,760,000 $11,265,968,542
2011 $530,158,122,010 $585,924,294,025 $10,070,450,000 $11,335,048,164
2012 $545,982,375,701 $579,910,247,223 $10,720,400,000 $11,847,406,408
2013 $552,025,140,252 $593,858,966,307 $10,475,300,000 $11,508,181,986
2014 $526,319,673,732 $578,937,574,936 $11,139,100,000 $11,720,773,316
2015 $594,749,285,413 $594,749,285,413 $11,837,600,000 $11,837,600,000
2016 $557,532,320,663 $582,376,550,428 $11,880,900,000 $11,700,725,733
2017 $643,628,393,281 $598,790,850,844 $12,446,900,000 $12,095,184,868
2018 $524,819,892,360 $583,118,120,294 $12,819,200,000 $12,385,290,297
2019 $447,754,683,615 $571,450,737,224 $13,277,000,000 $12,281,371,358
2020 $385,740,508,437 $514,874,343,768 $10,363,200,000 $9,814,098,451
2021 $486,564,085,480 $568,636,554,720 $12,037,000,000 $11,540,093,873
2022 $632,790,070,063 $598,603,016,935 $13,896,800,000 $12,795,362,393
2023 $646,075,277,525 $588,959,512,630 $15,271,300,000 $13,185,464,198
2024 $633,266,692,534 $578,834,679,333 $15,832,800,000 $13,630,935,977

Economic indicators

Argentina Bahamas
Gross domestic product
$633B
2024
$15.8B
2024
GDP rank
24/197
2024
140/197
2024
GDP growth
-1.98%
2023-2024
3.68%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$13,858
2024
$39,455
2024
GDP per capita rank
73/197
2024
30/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$30,176
2024
$41,198
2024
Government debt
$540B
2024
$12.3B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
73.1%
2025
78.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$11,826
2024
$30,693
2024
Government debt per person rank
47/185
2024
24/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$8,221
2025
$25,682
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$52.9B
2022
n/a
Number of billionaires
5
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
31.2%
2024
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
1.9%
2024
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
32.7%
2025
23.8%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
41.3%
2024-2025
0.41%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
29%
2025
4%
2016
Unemployment rate
1.69%
2024
8.65%
2023
Population
45973765
404321

GDP per capita in Argentina vs Bahamas

Argentina's GDP per capita is $13,858, ranking 73/197, compared to $39,455 in the Bahamas, ranking 30/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Argentina ranks 72nd at $30,176, while the Bahamas ranks 56th at $41,198.

Argentina
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Bahamas
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Argentina Bahamas
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $778 - $1,459 -
1961 $971 - $1,555 -
1962 $870 - $1,651 -
1963 $853 - $1,759 -
1964 $1,176 - $1,883 -
1965 $1,282 - $2,030 -
1966 $1,275 - $2,239 -
1967 $1,064 - $2,453 -
1968 $1,142 - $2,668 -
1969 $1,330 - $3,027 -
1970 $1,323 - $2,916 -
1971 $1,373 - $3,004 -
1972 $1,409 - $3,014 -
1973 $2,098 - $3,341 -
1974 $2,845 - $3,080 -
1975 $2,027 - $2,841 -
1976 $1,947 - $2,993 -
1977 $2,126 - $3,253 -
1978 $3,282 - $3,720 -
1979 $2,512 - $4,994 -
1980 $2,748 - $5,743 -
1981 $2,764 - $6,029 -
1982 $2,915 - $6,559 -
1983 $3,538 - $7,081 -
1984 $3,915 - $8,202 -
1985 $2,906 - $9,167 -
1986 $3,436 - $9,601 -
1987 $3,477 - $10,361 -
1988 $3,993 - $10,576 -
1989 $2,375 - $11,291 -
1990 $4,315 $7,158 $11,473 $19,817
1991 $5,709 $7,961 $11,082 $19,296
1992 $6,790 $8,668 $10,873 $18,636
1993 $6,932 $9,472 $10,613 $18,781
1994 $7,438 $10,103 $10,991 $19,441
1995 $7,358 $9,891 $11,375 $20,377
1996 $7,663 $10,496 $11,784 $21,287
1997 $8,147 $11,403 $20,368 $21,606
1998 $8,219 $11,836 $21,667 $22,556
1999 $7,706 $11,464 $24,041 $24,184
2000 $7,637 $11,500 $24,940 $25,422
2001 $7,141 $11,118 $25,372 $26,351
2002 $2,570 $9,953 $26,782 $27,171
2003 $3,320 $10,933 $26,429 $27,031
2004 $4,242 $12,118 $26,650 $27,660
2005 $5,068 $13,465 $28,602 $29,143
2006 $5,869 $14,844 $29,185 $30,401
2007 $7,185 $16,455 $30,052 $31,232
2008 $8,944 $17,277 $29,392 $30,679
2009 $8,150 $16,182 $27,513 $29,197
2010 $10,260 $17,848 $27,473 $29,625
2011 $12,704 $19,105 $27,091 $30,074
2012 $12,950 $19,430 $28,552 $31,036
2013 $12,964 $19,929 $27,643 $30,294
2014 $12,233 $19,487 $29,137 $31,726
2015 $13,680 $19,899 $30,719 $32,138
2016 $12,700 $20,106 $30,617 $32,285
2017 $14,533 $23,385 $31,875 $34,282
2018 $11,753 $24,410 $32,642 $35,228
2019 $9,956 $23,517 $33,640 $36,116
2020 $8,536 $22,393 $26,179 $27,205
2021 $10,738 $26,300 $30,368 $31,065
2022 $13,936 $29,598 $34,957 $36,791
2023 $14,187 $30,082 $38,232 $39,090
2024 $13,858 $30,176 $39,455 $41,198

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Argentina's government spending was $199B, accounting for 32.7% of its GDP, while the Bahamas' spent $3.5B, or 23.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 73.1% in Argentina and 78.3% in the Bahamas, ranking 51/185 and 45/185, respectively.

Argentina
Government spending

Government debt
Bahamas
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Argentina Bahamas
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 11.3% 8.39% - -
1961 12.3% 8.69% - -
1962 11.3% 25.1% - -
1963 11.2% 23.4% - -
1964 11.8% 16.8% - -
1965 11.6% 15.9% - -
1966 12.1% 13.4% - -
1967 13% 10.9% - -
1968 12.8% 9.43% - -
1969 12.3% 9.63% - -
1970 12% 13.5% - -
1971 11.7% 15.2% - -
1972 11.2% 17.1% - -
1973 12.6% 12% - -
1974 14% 13% - -
1975 12.5% 33.8% - -
1976 13% 28.7% - -
1977 12.6% 25.1% - -
1978 14.9% 17.5% - -
1979 14.5% 12.4% - -
1980 15.2% 11.4% - -
1981 17% 26.5% - -
1982 15.9% 52.2% - -
1983 14.2% 64.2% - -
1984 13% 54.6% - -
1985 14.7% 55.2% - -
1986 13.7% 55.9% - -
1987 13.7% 74.1% - -
1988 12.3% 61.4% - -
1989 11% 118.2% - -
1990 11% 48.5% 11.4% 13.2%
1991 11.4% 35.7% 12% 15.4%
1992 12.1% 25% 11.8% 17.9%
1993 22% 26.9% 11.5% 19.8%
1994 22.9% 28.4% 11.4% 20.4%
1995 22.9% 30.7% 11.2% 20.5%
1996 22.7% 32.6% 11.2% 20.2%
1997 22.6% 31.7% 12.5% 20.8%
1998 23.1% 34.1% 11.6% 20%
1999 25.5% 38.9% 8.78% 18.7%
2000 25.2% 40.8% 11.3% 18.7%
2001 26.4% 48% 11.2% 18.2%
2002 21.9% 147.2% 11.3% 18.8%
2003 22% 125.2% 11.8% 20.9%
2004 23% 117.9% 12.4% 21.4%
2005 24.4% 80.3% 12.3% 22%
2006 26.6% 70.8% 13% 22.8%
2007 29.6% 62.1% 13.3% 23%
2008 30.8% 53.8% 14.4% 25.5%
2009 34.5% 55.4% 15.6% 30.9%
2010 33.4% 43.5% 15.3% 33.7%
2011 34.9% 38.9% 17.1% 35.3%
2012 36.8% 40.4% 16.5% 36.4%
2013 37.6% 43.5% 18.5% 45.1%
2014 38.9% 44.7% 17.8% 47%
2015 41.4% 52.6% 18.1% 49.2%
2016 41.5% 53.1% 19.6% 51.6%
2017 41.1% 57% 22.9% 54.3%
2018 38.9% 85.2% 19.5% 61.6%
2019 38.1% 89.8% 20.3% 60.5%
2020 42.5% 103.8% 29.3% 85.2%
2021 37.9% 81% 28.5% 89.4%
2022 37.7% 84.5% 25.3% 83.7%
2023 37.8% 155.4% 23.6% 79.7%
2024 31.4% 85.3% 22.1% 77.8%
2025 32.7% 73.1% 23.8% 78.3%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Argentina's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $5.45B, equivalent to 0.86% of GDP. This compares to the Bahamas' deficit of -$200M, or -1.27% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Argentina recorded a fiscal deficit in 26 of those years, while the Bahamas ran a deficit in 31 years. On average, Argentina posted an annual deficit equal to -2.21% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2.43% of GDP for the Bahamas.

Deficit/surplus
Argentina

Bahamas
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Argentina Bahamas
1864 0.51% -
1865 -0.79% -
1866 -2.09% -
1867 -1.08% -
1868 -1.8% -
1869 -1.61% -
1870 -2.74% -
1871 -5.54% -
1872 -1.18% -
1873 -1.39% -
1874 -2.59% -
1875 -3.08% -
1876 -4.15% -
1877 -1.68% -
1878 -1.08% -
1879 -1.09% -
1880 -2.15% -
1881 -2.31% -
1882 -5.42% -
1883 -4.19% -
1884 -4.07% -
1885 -2.67% -
1886 -2.39% -
1887 0.35% -
1888 -0.69% -
1889 -2.88% -
1890 -1.82% -
1891 -4.48% -
1892 -1.33% -
1893 0.06% -
1894 -1.06% -
1895 -1.59% -
1896 -4.19% -
1897 -1.46% -
1898 -9.31% -
1899 -0.4% -
1900 -0.42% -
1901 -0.54% -
1902 -2.2% -
1903 -0.25% -
1904 0.15% -
1905 -3.52% -
1906 -0.32% -
1907 -0.2% -
1908 0.28% -
1909 -2.57% -
1910 -2.24% -
1911 -2.19% -
1912 -0.78% -
1913 -0.61% -
1914 -3.03% -
1915 -2.64% -
1916 -2.13% -
1917 -2.18% -
1918 -1.14% -
1919 -0.3% -
1920 0.2% -
1921 -0.99% -
1922 -1.86% -
1923 -0.93% -
1924 -0.68% -
1925 -0.46% -
1926 -1% -
1927 -3.3% -
1928 -1.52% -
1929 -1.95% -
1930 -3.94% -
1931 -2.98% -
1932 -1.19% -
1933 -1.27% -
1934 -1.56% -
1935 -1.16% -
1936 -1.44% -
1937 -1.62% -
1938 -2.09% -
1939 -3.09% -
1940 -2.31% -
1941 -2.85% -
1942 -2.9% -
1943 -3.86% -
1944 -4.61% -
1945 -5.25% -
1946 -4.12% -
1947 -1.6% -
1948 -2.73% -
1949 -3.98% -
1950 -3.38% -
1951 -3.52% -
1952 -3.01% -
1953 -3.1% -
1954 -3.21% -
1955 -3.75% -
1956 -3.77% -
1957 -2.72% -
1958 -6.61% -
1959 -4.82% -
1960 -1.98% -
1961 1.73% -
1962 -0.47% -
1963 -0.65% -
1964 -1.34% -
1965 -0.89% -
1966 -0.98% -
1967 0.66% -
1968 0.25% -
1969 0.54% -
1970 1.01% -
1971 0.32% -
1972 -0.12% -
1973 -1.48% -
1974 -1.08% -
1975 -2.9% -
1976 -2.39% -
1977 -0.54% -
1978 -1.36% -
1979 -1.5% -
1980 -1.14% -
1981 -3.93% -
1982 -4.68% -
1983 -2.89% -
1984 -1.39% -
1985 3.6% -
1986 3.3% -
1987 1.89% -
1988 -1.75% -
1989 -0.25% -
1990 -0.14% -2.64%
1991 0.96% -2.29%
1992 1.54% -2.23%
1993 -0.02% -1.05%
1994 -1.25% -0.39%
1995 -2.07% 0.18%
1996 -2.81% -0.15%
1997 -1.84% -1.56%
1998 -1.83% -0.41%
1999 -3.71% 1.68%
2000 -3.42% 0.09%
2001 -5.36% 0.3%
2002 -1.91% -1.62%
2003 1.5% -1.63%
2004 3.97% -1.93%
2005 3.34% -1.11%
2006 1.65% -0.43%
2007 0.76% -0.76%
2008 0.35% -0.83%
2009 -1.83% -2.45%
2010 -1.39% -2.56%
2011 -2.75% -2.87%
2012 -3.02% -3.15%
2013 -3.25% -5.2%
2014 -4.25% -4.44%
2015 -6% -3.28%
2016 -6.65% -2.64%
2017 -6.69% -6.02%
2018 -5.44% -3.29%
2019 -4.44% -1.68%
2020 -8.67% -8.42%
2021 -4.33% -11.7%
2022 -3.84% -5.46%
2023 -5.36% -3.72%
2024 0.86% -1.27%
2025 0.43% -1.53%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 27 years, Argentina has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 31.5%, compared with 2% in the Bahamas. In 2024, inflation was 41.3% in Argentina and 0.41% in the Bahamas.

Inflation
Argentina

Bahamas
Year Inflation
Argentina Bahamas Argentina Bahamas
1996 - 1.38%
1997 - 0.54%
1998 0.9% 1.34%
1999 -1.2% 1.25%
2000 -0.9% 1.61%
2001 -1.1% 2.04%
2002 25.9% 2.17%
2003 13.4% 3.03%
2004 4.4% 0.98%
2005 9.6% 1.59%
2006 10.9% 2.39%
2007 8.8% 2.49%
2008 8.6% 4.49%
2009 6.3% 2.06%
2010 10.5% 1.34%
2011 9.8% 3.2%
2012 10% 1.97%
2013 10.6% 0.72%
2014 - 1.51%
2015 - 1.86%
2016 - -0.35%
2017 25.7% 1.52%
2018 34.3% 2.27%
2019 53.5% 2.49%
2020 42% 0.04%
2021 48.4% 2.9%
2022 72.4% 5.61%
2023 133.5% 3.05%
2024 219.9% 0.41%
2025 41.3% -

Top exports between countries

Argentina
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $25.3M
Miscellaneous $2.77M
Animal & marine products $706K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $76K
Bahamas
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $157K
Animal & marine products $95K
Metals $1K

Balance of trade

Argentina Bahamas
Current account balance
$5.7B
2024
-$1.05B
2024
Current account balance ranking
32/189
2024
126/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.9%
2024
-6.65%
2024
Goods imports
$57.4B
2024
$4.6B
2024
Goods exports
$79.8B
2024
$874M
2024
Service imports
$22.9B
2024
$2.47B
2024
Service exports
$17.2B
2024
$5.9B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
12.8%
2024
41.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
15.3%
2024
37.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Argentina Bahamas
Economic freedom 54.2 63.2
Economic freedom ranking 136/197 79/197
Property rights 34.7 61.8
Government integrity 39.7 66.2
Judicial effectiveness 56.5 78.6
Tax burden 70.8 97.2
Government spending 57.1 77.2
Fiscal health 67.9 6.7
Business freedom 55.3 70
Labor freedom 55.2 68.8
Monetary freedom 23.3 72.9
Trade freedom 64.4 49
Investment freedom 65 50
Financial freedom 60 60

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Argentina is 54.2, ranking 136/197, compared to 63.2 for the Bahamas, ranking 79/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Argentina
Bahamas
Year Economic freedom index
Argentina Bahamas
1995 68 71.8
1996 74.7 74
1997 73.3 74.5
1998 70.9 74.5
1999 70.6 74.7
2000 70 73.9
2001 68.6 74.8
2002 65.7 74.4
2003 56.3 73.5
2004 53.9 72.1
2005 51.7 72.6
2006 53.4 72.3
2007 54 72
2008 54.2 71.1
2009 52.3 70.3
2010 51.2 67.3
2011 51.7 68
2012 48 68
2013 46.7 70.1
2014 44.6 69.8
2015 44.1 68.7
2016 43.8 70.9
2017 50.4 61.1
2018 52.3 63.3
2019 52.2 62.9
2020 53.1 64.5
2021 52.7 64.6
2022 50.1 68.7
2023 51 62.6
2024 49.9 62.5
2025 54.2 63.2

More economic indicators

Argentina Bahamas
Services, % of GDP
53.4%
2024
77.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2024
9.63%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.98%
2024
0.51%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$614B
2024
$14.2B
2023
GNI per capita, PPP
$29,570
2024
$37,560
2023
Total reserves including gold
$29.6B
2024
$2.51B
2023
Total reserves ranking
56/177
2024
122/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.89B
2024
-$77.6M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$11.6B
2024
$241M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.76B
2024
$163M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7.24%
2023
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
38.1%
2024
9.3%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
15.7%
2024
26.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

Economy vs Argentina vs Bahamas
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.