Fertility & birth rates in India and Malaysia

Fertility rate in India vs Malaysia chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in India was 1.98 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.55 in Malaysia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check India vs Malaysia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	India	Malaysia
1960	5.92	6.41
1961	5.94	6.37
1962	5.95	6.3
1963	5.97	6.19
1964	5.98	6.03
1965	5.94	5.84
1966	5.88	5.64
1967	5.83	5.43
1968	5.76	5.29
1969	5.68	5.16
1970	5.62	5.04
1971	5.57	4.92
1972	5.48	4.82
1973	5.4	4.73
1974	5.33	4.62
1975	5.2	4.5
1976	5.13	4.4
1977	5.01	4.28
1978	4.89	4.18
1979	4.81	4.09
1980	4.78	4.04
1981	4.7	4
1982	4.62	3.97
1983	4.57	3.93
1984	4.52	3.89
1985	4.43	3.8
1986	4.4	3.7
1987	4.31	3.57
1988	4.22	3.5
1989	4.13	3.31
1990	4.05	3.3
1991	3.96	3.34
1992	3.88	3.37
1993	3.8	3.36
1994	3.72	3.35
1995	3.65	3.32
1996	3.58	3.3
1997	3.51	3.23
1998	3.45	3.12
1999	3.38	3.07
2000	3.35	2.94
2001	3.3	2.81
2002	3.22	2.66
2003	3.12	2.6
2004	3.05	2.49
2005	2.96	2.39
2006	2.87	2.31
2007	2.78	2.25
2008	2.71	2.26
2009	2.67	2.22
2010	2.6	2.14
2011	2.53	2.15
2012	2.47	2.12
2013	2.4	2.07
2014	2.29	2.06
2015	2.29	2.01
2016	2.28	1.94
2017	2.19	1.89
2018	2.18	1.84
2019	2.12	1.78
2020	2.05	1.68
2021	2.01	1.56
2022	1.99	1.55
2023	1.98	1.55
2024	1.96	1.54
2025	1.94	1.53
2026	1.93	1.52
2027	1.91	1.51
2028	1.9	1.51
2029	1.89	1.51
2030	1.88	1.51
2031	1.87	1.5
2032	1.86	1.5
2033	1.85	1.5
2034	1.84	1.5
2035	1.84	1.5
2036	1.83	1.51
2037	1.82	1.51
2038	1.81	1.51
2039	1.81	1.51
2040	1.8	1.51
2041	1.8	1.51
2042	1.79	1.51
2043	1.79	1.52
2044	1.78	1.52
2045	1.78	1.52
2046	1.78	1.52
2047	1.77	1.52
2048	1.77	1.53
2049	1.77	1.53
2050	1.76	1.53

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	India	Malaysia
1960	40.6%	45.4%
1961	40.9%	45.9%
1962	41.2%	46.3%
1963	41.5%	46.5%
1964	41.6%	46.6%
1965	41.7%	46.5%
1966	41.7%	46.2%
1967	41.6%	45.9%
1968	41.5%	45.5%
1969	41.5%	45%
1970	41.4%	44.5%
1971	41.2%	44%
1972	41.1%	43.4%
1973	41%	42.8%
1974	40.8%	42.2%
1975	40.7%	41.7%
1976	40.5%	41.1%
1977	40.3%	40.6%
1978	40.1%	40.1%
1979	40%	39.6%
1980	39.8%	39.2%
1981	39.7%	38.8%
1982	39.6%	38.6%
1983	39.5%	38.4%
1984	39.4%	38.2%
1985	39.3%	38.1%
1986	39.2%	38%
1987	39.1%	37.9%
1988	38.9%	37.7%
1989	38.8%	37.5%
1990	38.6%	37.2%
1991	38.4%	36.9%
1992	38.1%	36.6%
1993	37.9%	36.3%
1994	37.6%	36%
1995	37.3%	35.7%
1996	37%	35.5%
1997	36.7%	35.3%
1998	36.3%	35%
1999	35.9%	34.6%
2000	35.6%	34.2%
2001	35.2%	33.7%
2002	34.8%	33.2%
2003	34.4%	32.6%
2004	34%	32%
2005	33.6%	31.4%
2006	33.1%	30.7%
2007	32.7%	30%
2008	32.2%	29.4%
2009	31.8%	28.6%
2010	31.3%	27.9%
2011	30.9%	27.4%
2012	30.4%	27%
2013	29.9%	26.6%
2014	29.4%	26.2%
2015	28.9%	25.8%
2016	28.4%	25.5%
2017	27.8%	25.2%
2018	27.3%	24.9%
2019	26.8%	24.5%
2020	26.3%	24%
2021	25.9%	23.4%
2022	25.5%	22.8%
2023	25.1%	22.3%
2024	24.6%	21.8%
2025	24.2%	21.3%
2026	23.8%	20.8%
2027	23.4%	20.4%
2028	23%	19.9%
2029	22.7%	19.4%
2030	22.4%	19%
2031	22.1%	18.5%
2032	21.8%	18.1%
2033	21.5%	17.8%
2034	21.3%	17.6%
2035	21%	17.4%
2036	20.8%	17.3%
2037	20.6%	17.3%
2038	20.4%	17.2%
2039	20.2%	17.1%
2040	19.9%	17%
2041	19.7%	17%
2042	19.5%	16.9%
2043	19.3%	16.8%
2044	19.1%	16.7%
2045	18.8%	16.7%
2046	18.6%	16.6%
2047	18.4%	16.5%
2048	18.2%	16.4%
2049	18%	16.3%
2050	17.8%	16.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 24.6% of the population in India and 21.8% in Malaysia in 2024, compared to 38.6% and 37.2% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of India and Malaysia compared.

Natural population change in India vs Malaysia by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.06% in India and +0.92% in Malaysia. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	India	Malaysia
1960	10,237,489	251,090
1961	10,468,816	257,270
1962	10,743,409	262,140
1963	11,016,705	265,815
1964	11,285,378	266,406
1965	10,925,714	264,836
1966	11,089,894	262,162
1967	11,279,897	258,764
1968	12,006,807	260,705
1969	12,167,671	264,327
1970	12,417,866	269,341
1971	12,787,104	272,323
1972	13,041,792	276,263
1973	13,412,707	284,611
1974	13,795,836	289,880
1975	13,958,642	294,541
1976	14,435,504	300,615
1977	14,575,662	305,515
1978	14,898,145	311,027
1979	15,392,957	317,439
1980	16,018,786	326,947
1981	16,422,159	339,991
1982	16,790,507	353,138
1983	17,219,127	365,290
1984	17,698,810	376,797
1985	17,968,697	383,243
1986	18,455,495	385,799
1987	18,496,213	381,999
1988	18,702,916	386,507
1989	18,848,915	373,277
1990	18,893,588	384,518
1991	19,049,524	401,938
1992	19,132,757	418,900
1993	19,152,399	429,910
1994	19,310,798	437,873
1995	19,396,161	443,349
1996	19,442,699	450,174
1997	19,494,098	447,768
1998	19,569,575	436,316
1999	19,648,424	432,355
2000	19,984,160	417,371
2001	20,182,573	400,939
2002	20,024,621	381,084
2003	19,720,507	377,425
2004	19,469,758	365,138
2005	19,034,839	355,324
2006	18,641,737	349,509
2007	18,331,648	348,711
2008	18,234,926	362,380
2009	18,286,055	366,157
2010	17,991,935	360,260
2011	17,793,362	372,836
2012	17,552,365	371,497
2013	17,107,541	366,738
2014	16,165,943	367,587
2015	16,211,195	358,302
2016	16,202,593	345,681
2017	15,394,041	336,434
2018	15,451,168	324,568
2019	14,859,846	309,426
2020	13,366,946	283,282
2021	10,227,523	212,002
2022	13,912,130	237,560
2023	13,711,993	254,806

Maternal mortality chart: India vs Malaysia

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 80 deaths per 100,000 live births in India, compared to 26 deaths in Malaysia.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	India	Malaysia
1985	658	63
1986	624	59
1987	592	56
1988	562	55
1989	538	52
1990	516	51
1991	498	49
1992	482	48
1993	467	46
1994	451	44
1995	437	43
1996	422	42
1997	407	40
1998	393	39
1999	378	38
2000	362	37
2001	349	36
2002	330	34
2003	313	34
2004	296	33
2005	277	31
2006	258	30
2007	240	30
2008	223	29
2009	205	29
2010	188	29
2011	173	29
2012	160	29
2013	148	29
2014	137	30
2015	129	30
2016	121	30
2017	113	29
2018	107	29
2019	101	28
2020	101	29
2021	155	52
2022	90	38
2023	80	26

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 2.77% in India and 0.81% in Malaysia. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	India	Malaysia
1960	24.1%	9.46%
1961	23.8%	8.83%
1962	23.5%	8.25%
1963	23.2%	7.74%
1964	22.9%	7.28%
1965	22.7%	6.89%
1966	22.4%	6.56%
1967	22.2%	6.27%
1968	22%	6.02%
1969	21.7%	5.79%
1970	21.5%	5.56%
1971	21.2%	5.32%
1972	20.8%	5.06%
1973	20.5%	4.79%
1974	20.1%	4.5%
1975	19.6%	4.23%
1976	19.1%	3.97%
1977	18.6%	3.71%
1978	18%	3.48%
1979	17.5%	3.25%
1980	16.9%	3.04%
1981	16.4%	2.84%
1982	15.9%	2.65%
1983	15.5%	2.47%
1984	15%	2.32%
1985	14.6%	2.18%
1986	14.2%	2.05%
1987	13.8%	1.93%
1988	13.4%	1.83%
1989	13%	1.74%
1990	12.7%	1.66%
1991	12.3%	1.58%
1992	12%	1.51%
1993	11.6%	1.45%
1994	11.3%	1.39%
1995	11%	1.34%
1996	10.6%	1.29%
1997	10.3%	1.23%
1998	9.89%	1.15%
1999	9.53%	1.07%
2000	9.16%	1%
2001	8.8%	0.93%
2002	8.45%	0.88%
2003	8.11%	0.85%
2004	7.77%	0.84%
2005	7.44%	0.83%
2006	7.11%	0.83%
2007	6.79%	0.82%
2008	6.46%	0.82%
2009	6.14%	0.82%
2010	5.82%	0.81%
2011	5.5%	0.81%
2012	5.2%	0.8%
2013	4.91%	0.81%
2014	4.63%	0.81%
2015	4.36%	0.81%
2016	4.11%	0.82%
2017	3.87%	0.82%
2018	3.64%	0.82%
2019	3.43%	0.82%
2020	3.24%	0.81%
2021	3.06%	0.81%
2022	2.91%	0.81%
2023	2.77%	0.81%