Fertility & birth rates in India and Sri Lanka

Fertility rate in India vs Sri Lanka chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in India was 1.98 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.97 in Sri Lanka in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check India vs Sri Lanka population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	India	Sri Lanka
1960	5.92	5.35
1961	5.94	5.24
1962	5.95	5.18
1963	5.97	5.12
1964	5.98	5.06
1965	5.94	4.93
1966	5.88	4.83
1967	5.83	4.79
1968	5.76	4.66
1969	5.68	4.5
1970	5.62	4.39
1971	5.57	4.27
1972	5.48	4.16
1973	5.4	4
1974	5.33	3.86
1975	5.2	3.82
1976	5.13	3.78
1977	5.01	3.74
1978	4.89	3.81
1979	4.81	3.82
1980	4.78	3.73
1981	4.7	3.65
1982	4.62	3.32
1983	4.57	3.11
1984	4.52	3.01
1985	4.43	2.9
1986	4.4	2.74
1987	4.31	2.64
1988	4.22	2.57
1989	4.13	2.58
1990	4.05	2.54
1991	3.96	2.51
1992	3.88	2.49
1993	3.8	2.44
1994	3.72	2.4
1995	3.65	2.35
1996	3.58	2.29
1997	3.51	2.22
1998	3.45	2.14
1999	3.38	2.14
2000	3.35	2.21
2001	3.3	2.28
2002	3.22	2.31
2003	3.12	2.3
2004	3.05	2.27
2005	2.96	2.26
2006	2.87	2.29
2007	2.78	2.3
2008	2.71	2.23
2009	2.67	2.18
2010	2.6	2.13
2011	2.53	2.14
2012	2.47	2.17
2013	2.4	2.18
2014	2.29	2.13
2015	2.29	2.09
2016	2.28	2.06
2017	2.19	2.04
2018	2.18	2.03
2019	2.12	2.02
2020	2.05	2.01
2021	2.01	2
2022	1.99	1.98
2023	1.98	1.97
2024	1.96	1.95
2025	1.94	1.94
2026	1.93	1.93
2027	1.91	1.91
2028	1.9	1.9
2029	1.89	1.89
2030	1.88	1.88
2031	1.87	1.87
2032	1.86	1.86
2033	1.85	1.85
2034	1.84	1.85
2035	1.84	1.84
2036	1.83	1.83
2037	1.82	1.83
2038	1.81	1.82
2039	1.81	1.81
2040	1.8	1.81
2041	1.8	1.8
2042	1.79	1.8
2043	1.79	1.8
2044	1.78	1.79
2045	1.78	1.79
2046	1.78	1.79
2047	1.77	1.78
2048	1.77	1.78
2049	1.77	1.77
2050	1.76	1.77

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	India	Sri Lanka
1960	40.6%	41%
1961	40.9%	40.9%
1962	41.2%	40.8%
1963	41.5%	40.7%
1964	41.6%	40.6%
1965	41.7%	40.5%
1966	41.7%	40.4%
1967	41.6%	40.3%
1968	41.5%	40.1%
1969	41.5%	39.9%
1970	41.4%	39.7%
1971	41.2%	39.5%
1972	41.1%	39.2%
1973	41%	38.8%
1974	40.8%	38.4%
1975	40.7%	38%
1976	40.5%	37.6%
1977	40.3%	37.2%
1978	40.1%	36.9%
1979	40%	36.7%
1980	39.8%	36.4%
1981	39.7%	36.2%
1982	39.6%	36%
1983	39.5%	35.8%
1984	39.4%	35.5%
1985	39.3%	35.2%
1986	39.2%	34.6%
1987	39.1%	34%
1988	38.9%	33.5%
1989	38.8%	33%
1990	38.6%	32.5%
1991	38.4%	32.1%
1992	38.1%	31.4%
1993	37.9%	30.6%
1994	37.6%	29.9%
1995	37.3%	29.2%
1996	37%	28.6%
1997	36.7%	28.2%
1998	36.3%	27.8%
1999	35.9%	27.4%
2000	35.6%	27%
2001	35.2%	26.6%
2002	34.8%	26.3%
2003	34.4%	26.1%
2004	34%	26%
2005	33.6%	25.8%
2006	33.1%	25.7%
2007	32.7%	25.7%
2008	32.2%	25.6%
2009	31.8%	25.5%
2010	31.3%	25.4%
2011	30.9%	25.3%
2012	30.4%	25.2%
2013	29.9%	25%
2014	29.4%	24.9%
2015	28.9%	24.7%
2016	28.4%	24.5%
2017	27.8%	24.2%
2018	27.3%	24%
2019	26.8%	23.7%
2020	26.3%	23.3%
2021	25.9%	23%
2022	25.5%	22.7%
2023	25.1%	22.4%
2024	24.6%	22%
2025	24.2%	21.7%
2026	23.8%	21.4%
2027	23.4%	21.1%
2028	23%	20.8%
2029	22.7%	20.5%
2030	22.4%	20.2%
2031	22.1%	20%
2032	21.8%	19.8%
2033	21.5%	19.6%
2034	21.3%	19.4%
2035	21%	19.2%
2036	20.8%	19.1%
2037	20.6%	18.9%
2038	20.4%	18.8%
2039	20.2%	18.7%
2040	19.9%	18.6%
2041	19.7%	18.4%
2042	19.5%	18.3%
2043	19.3%	18.2%
2044	19.1%	18.1%
2045	18.8%	18%
2046	18.6%	17.9%
2047	18.4%	17.7%
2048	18.2%	17.6%
2049	18%	17.5%
2050	17.8%	17.3%

Children aged 0-14 make up 24.6% of the population in India and 22% in Sri Lanka in 2024, compared to 38.6% and 32.5% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of India and Sri Lanka compared.

Natural population change in India vs Sri Lanka by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.06% in India and +0.75% in Sri Lanka. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	India	Sri Lanka
1960	10,237,489	247,631
1961	10,468,816	251,087
1962	10,743,409	256,719
1963	11,016,705	262,880
1964	11,285,378	269,584
1965	10,925,714	272,422
1966	11,089,894	275,549
1967	11,279,897	284,738
1968	12,006,807	286,642
1969	12,167,671	286,218
1970	12,417,866	286,719
1971	12,787,104	281,200
1972	13,041,792	282,494
1973	13,412,707	278,577
1974	13,795,836	275,521
1975	13,958,642	282,496
1976	14,435,504	291,816
1977	14,575,662	300,038
1978	14,898,145	317,055
1979	15,392,957	329,791
1980	16,018,786	328,155
1981	16,422,159	328,096
1982	16,790,507	300,030
1983	17,219,127	277,768
1984	17,698,810	263,175
1985	17,968,697	247,836
1986	18,455,495	233,782
1987	18,496,213	226,414
1988	18,702,916	219,184
1989	18,848,915	212,401
1990	18,893,588	224,454
1991	19,049,524	218,117
1992	19,132,757	222,230
1993	19,152,399	226,257
1994	19,310,798	228,904
1995	19,396,161	221,957
1996	19,442,699	215,290
1997	19,494,098	208,193
1998	19,569,575	201,059
1999	19,648,424	206,876
2000	19,984,160	227,060
2001	20,182,573	244,377
2002	20,024,621	252,840
2003	19,720,507	252,008
2004	19,469,758	212,527
2005	19,034,839	248,683
2006	18,641,737	248,706
2007	18,331,648	248,287
2008	18,234,926	232,225
2009	18,286,055	200,175
2010	17,991,935	224,325
2011	17,793,362	224,461
2012	17,552,365	229,138
2013	17,107,541	221,021
2014	16,165,943	211,541
2015	16,211,195	201,815
2016	16,202,593	194,232
2017	15,394,041	187,993
2018	15,451,168	183,610
2019	14,859,846	172,243
2020	13,366,946	170,968
2021	10,227,523	121,858
2022	13,912,130	95,378
2023	13,711,993	66,111

Maternal mortality chart: India vs Sri Lanka

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 80 deaths per 100,000 live births in India, compared to 18 deaths in Sri Lanka.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	India	Sri Lanka
1985	658	68
1986	624	66
1987	592	64
1988	562	62
1989	538	61
1990	516	59
1991	498	57
1992	482	54
1993	467	51
1994	451	49
1995	437	48
1996	422	47
1997	407	45
1998	393	43
1999	378	41
2000	362	39
2001	349	37
2002	330	36
2003	313	35
2004	296	37
2005	277	32
2006	258	32
2007	240	31
2008	223	30
2009	205	28
2010	188	26
2011	173	25
2012	160	24
2013	148	23
2014	137	23
2015	129	22
2016	121	22
2017	113	21
2018	107	21
2019	101	20
2020	101	23
2021	155	34
2022	90	22
2023	80	18

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 2.77% in India and 0.61% in Sri Lanka. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	India	Sri Lanka
1960	24.1%	9.41%
1961	23.8%	8.95%
1962	23.5%	8.66%
1963	23.2%	8.48%
1964	22.9%	8.3%
1965	22.7%	8.07%
1966	22.4%	7.81%
1967	22.2%	7.55%
1968	22%	7.32%
1969	21.7%	7.14%
1970	21.5%	7.02%
1971	21.2%	6.94%
1972	20.8%	6.86%
1973	20.5%	6.77%
1974	20.1%	6.62%
1975	19.6%	6.41%
1976	19.1%	6.12%
1977	18.6%	5.77%
1978	18%	5.38%
1979	17.5%	4.99%
1980	16.9%	4.63%
1981	16.4%	4.29%
1982	15.9%	3.98%
1983	15.5%	3.67%
1984	15%	3.35%
1985	14.6%	3.02%
1986	14.2%	2.74%
1987	13.8%	2.54%
1988	13.4%	2.41%
1989	13%	2.74%
1990	12.7%	2.33%
1991	12.3%	2.32%
1992	12%	2.29%
1993	11.6%	2.22%
1994	11.3%	2.14%
1995	11%	2.05%
1996	10.6%	1.95%
1997	10.3%	1.86%
1998	9.89%	1.76%
1999	9.53%	1.69%
2000	9.16%	1.63%
2001	8.8%	1.58%
2002	8.45%	1.55%
2003	8.11%	1.52%
2004	7.77%	2.88%
2005	7.44%	1.4%
2006	7.11%	1.33%
2007	6.79%	1.26%
2008	6.46%	1.2%
2009	6.14%	2.08%
2010	5.82%	1.12%
2011	5.5%	1.08%
2012	5.2%	1.03%
2013	4.91%	0.98%
2014	4.63%	0.92%
2015	4.36%	0.87%
2016	4.11%	0.83%
2017	3.87%	0.79%
2018	3.64%	0.76%
2019	3.43%	0.72%
2020	3.24%	0.69%
2021	3.06%	0.66%
2022	2.91%	0.64%
2023	2.77%	0.61%