Fertility & birth rates in India and Sri Lanka

Fertility rate in India vs Sri Lanka by year

Chart Table

India

Sri Lanka

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	India	Sri Lanka
2023	1.98	1.97
2022	1.99	1.98
2021	2.01	2
2020	2.05	2.01
2019	2.12	2.02
2018	2.18	2.03
2017	2.19	2.04
2016	2.28	2.06
2015	2.29	2.09
2014	2.29	2.13
2013	2.4	2.18
2012	2.47	2.17
2011	2.53	2.14
2010	2.6	2.13
2009	2.67	2.18
2008	2.71	2.23
2007	2.78	2.3
2006	2.87	2.29
2005	2.96	2.26
2004	3.05	2.27
2003	3.12	2.3
2002	3.22	2.31
2001	3.3	2.28
2000	3.35	2.21
1999	3.38	2.14
1998	3.45	2.14
1997	3.51	2.22
1996	3.58	2.29
1995	3.65	2.35
1994	3.72	2.4
1993	3.8	2.44
1992	3.88	2.49
1991	3.96	2.51
1990	4.05	2.54
1989	4.13	2.58
1988	4.22	2.57
1987	4.31	2.64
1986	4.4	2.74
1985	4.43	2.9
1984	4.52	3.01
1983	4.57	3.11
1982	4.62	3.32
1981	4.7	3.65
1980	4.78	3.73
1979	4.81	3.82
1978	4.89	3.81
1977	5.01	3.74
1976	5.13	3.78
1975	5.2	3.82
1974	5.33	3.86
1973	5.4	4
1972	5.48	4.16
1971	5.57	4.27
1970	5.62	4.39
1969	5.68	4.5
1968	5.76	4.66
1967	5.83	4.79
1966	5.88	4.83
1965	5.94	4.93
1964	5.98	5.06
1963	5.97	5.12
1962	5.95	5.18
1961	5.94	5.24
1960	5.92	5.35

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in India was 1.98 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.97 in Sri Lanka in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check India vs Sri Lanka population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

India

Sri Lanka

1x

Year	Natural population change
	India	Sri Lanka
2023	13,711,993	66,111
2022	13,912,130	95,378
2021	10,227,523	121,858
2020	13,366,946	170,968
2019	14,859,846	172,243
2018	15,451,168	183,610
2017	15,394,041	187,993
2016	16,202,593	194,232
2015	16,211,195	201,815
2014	16,165,943	211,541
2013	17,107,541	221,021
2012	17,552,365	229,138
2011	17,793,362	224,461
2010	17,991,935	224,325
2009	18,286,055	200,175
2008	18,234,926	232,225
2007	18,331,648	248,287
2006	18,641,737	248,706
2005	19,034,839	248,683
2004	19,469,758	212,527
2003	19,720,507	252,008
2002	20,024,621	252,840
2001	20,182,573	244,377
2000	19,984,160	227,060
1999	19,648,424	206,876
1998	19,569,575	201,059
1997	19,494,098	208,193
1996	19,442,699	215,290
1995	19,396,161	221,957
1994	19,310,798	228,904
1993	19,152,399	226,257
1992	19,132,757	222,230
1991	19,049,524	218,117
1990	18,893,588	224,454
1989	18,848,915	212,401
1988	18,702,916	219,184
1987	18,496,213	226,414
1986	18,455,495	233,782
1985	17,968,697	247,836
1984	17,698,810	263,175
1983	17,219,127	277,768
1982	16,790,507	300,030
1981	16,422,159	328,096
1980	16,018,786	328,155
1979	15,392,957	329,791
1978	14,898,145	317,055
1977	14,575,662	300,038
1976	14,435,504	291,816
1975	13,958,642	282,496
1974	13,795,836	275,521
1973	13,412,707	278,577
1972	13,041,792	282,494
1971	12,787,104	281,200
1970	12,417,866	286,719
1969	12,167,671	286,218
1968	12,006,807	286,642
1967	11,279,897	284,738
1966	11,089,894	275,549
1965	10,925,714	272,422
1964	11,285,378	269,584
1963	11,016,705	262,880
1962	10,743,409	256,719
1961	10,468,816	251,087
1960	10,237,489	247,631

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +0.95% in India and +0.3% in Sri Lanka.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +1.06% in India and +0.75% in Sri Lanka.

Birth rate in India vs Sri Lanka by year

Chart Table

India

Sri Lanka

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	India	Sri Lanka
2023	16.1	11.2
2022	16.3	12.4
2021	16.5	12.9
2020	16.7	13.8
2019	17.4	14.6
2018	17.9	15.2
2017	18	15.4
2016	18.8	15.7
2015	18.9	16
2014	19.1	16.5
2013	20.1	17
2012	20.7	17.1
2011	21.2	17.1
2010	21.6	17.1
2009	22.2	17.6
2008	22.5	18.2
2007	22.9	18.8
2006	23.6	18.9
2005	24.3	18.7
2004	25.1	18.8
2003	25.8	19.1
2002	26.5	19.2
2001	27.2	19
2000	27.5	18.4
1999	27.7	17.9
1998	28.2	17.8
1997	28.7	18.5
1996	29.2	19
1995	29.8	19.6
1994	30.3	20
1993	30.8	20
1992	31.4	20.1
1991	32	20.2
1990	32.6	20.5
1989	33.3	20.6
1988	33.9	20.3
1987	34.4	20.8
1986	35.2	21.4
1985	35.4	22.4
1984	35.9	23.5
1983	36.1	24.4
1982	36.4	26
1981	36.8	28.1
1980	37.1	28.6
1979	37	29.3
1978	37.1	29
1977	37.6	28.3
1976	38.2	28.3
1975	38.4	28.2
1974	39	28.2
1973	39.3	28.9
1972	39.5	29.7
1971	39.7	30.2
1970	39.8	31.2
1969	40.1	31.8
1968	40.5	32.6
1967	40.8	33.2
1966	41.2	33.2
1965	41.7	33.8
1964	42.1	34.5
1963	42.3	34.7
1962	42.5	35.1
1961	42.7	35.6
1960	42.9	36.3

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 16.1 in India and 11.2 in Sri Lanka, compared with 42.9 and 36.3, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

India

Factual

UN forecast

Sri Lanka

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	India	Sri Lanka
2100	13.8%	13.1%
2099	13.8%	13.1%
2098	13.8%	13.2%
2097	13.9%	13.2%
2096	13.9%	13.2%
2095	13.9%	13.3%
2094	13.9%	13.3%
2093	14%	13.4%
2092	14%	13.4%
2091	14%	13.5%
2090	14.1%	13.6%
2089	14.1%	13.7%
2088	14.2%	13.7%
2087	14.2%	13.8%
2086	14.2%	13.9%
2085	14.3%	14%
2084	14.4%	14%
2083	14.4%	14.1%
2082	14.5%	14.2%
2081	14.6%	14.3%
2080	14.6%	14.3%
2079	14.7%	14.4%
2078	14.8%	14.5%
2077	14.8%	14.5%
2076	14.9%	14.6%
2075	15%	14.6%
2074	15.1%	14.7%
2073	15.2%	14.7%
2072	15.2%	14.8%
2071	15.3%	14.9%
2070	15.4%	14.9%
2069	15.5%	15%
2068	15.6%	15%
2067	15.6%	15.1%
2066	15.7%	15.2%
2065	15.8%	15.3%
2064	15.9%	15.4%
2063	16%	15.5%
2062	16.1%	15.6%
2061	16.2%	15.7%
2060	16.3%	15.8%
2059	16.4%	16%
2058	16.6%	16.1%
2057	16.7%	16.3%
2056	16.8%	16.4%
2055	17%	16.6%
2054	17.2%	16.8%
2053	17.3%	16.9%
2052	17.5%	17.1%
2051	17.7%	17.2%
2050	17.9%	17.4%
2049	18.1%	17.5%
2048	18.3%	17.7%
2047	18.5%	17.8%
2046	18.7%	17.9%
2045	18.9%	18%
2044	19.2%	18.2%
2043	19.4%	18.3%
2042	19.6%	18.4%
2041	19.8%	18.5%
2040	20%	18.6%
2039	20.3%	18.7%
2038	20.5%	18.9%
2037	20.7%	19%
2036	20.9%	19.1%
2035	21.1%	19.3%
2034	21.4%	19.5%
2033	21.7%	19.7%
2032	21.9%	19.9%
2031	22.2%	20.1%
2030	22.5%	20.3%
2029	22.8%	20.6%
2028	23.2%	20.9%
2027	23.6%	21.2%
2026	24%	21.5%
2025	24.4%	21.9%
2024	24.6%	22%
2023	25.1%	22.4%
2022	25.5%	22.7%
2021	25.9%	23%
2020	26.3%	23.3%
2019	26.8%	23.7%
2018	27.3%	24%
2017	27.8%	24.2%
2016	28.4%	24.5%
2015	28.9%	24.7%
2014	29.4%	24.9%
2013	29.9%	25%
2012	30.4%	25.2%
2011	30.9%	25.3%
2010	31.3%	25.4%
2009	31.8%	25.5%
2008	32.2%	25.6%
2007	32.7%	25.7%
2006	33.1%	25.7%
2005	33.6%	25.8%
2004	34%	26%
2003	34.4%	26.1%
2002	34.8%	26.3%
2001	35.2%	26.6%
2000	35.6%	27%
1999	35.9%	27.4%
1998	36.3%	27.8%
1997	36.7%	28.2%
1996	37%	28.6%
1995	37.3%	29.2%
1994	37.6%	29.9%
1993	37.9%	30.6%
1992	38.1%	31.4%
1991	38.4%	32.1%
1990	38.6%	32.5%
1989	38.8%	33%
1988	38.9%	33.5%
1987	39.1%	34%
1986	39.2%	34.6%
1985	39.3%	35.2%
1984	39.4%	35.5%
1983	39.5%	35.8%
1982	39.6%	36%
1981	39.7%	36.2%
1980	39.8%	36.4%
1979	40%	36.7%
1978	40.1%	36.9%
1977	40.3%	37.2%
1976	40.5%	37.6%
1975	40.7%	38%
1974	40.8%	38.4%
1973	41%	38.8%
1972	41.1%	39.2%
1971	41.2%	39.5%
1970	41.4%	39.7%
1969	41.5%	39.9%
1968	41.5%	40.1%
1967	41.6%	40.3%
1966	41.7%	40.4%
1965	41.7%	40.5%
1964	41.6%	40.6%
1963	41.5%	40.7%
1962	41.2%	40.8%
1961	40.9%	40.9%
1960	40.6%	41%

Children aged 0-14 make up 24.6% of the population in India and 22% in Sri Lanka in 2024, compared to 38.6% and 32.5% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of India and Sri Lanka compared.

Maternal mortality chart: India vs Sri Lanka

Chart Table

India

Sri Lanka

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	India	Sri Lanka
2023	80	18
2022	90	22
2021	155	34
2020	101	23
2019	101	20
2018	107	21
2017	113	21
2016	121	22
2015	129	22
2014	137	23
2013	148	23
2012	160	24
2011	173	25
2010	188	26
2009	205	28
2008	223	30
2007	240	31
2006	258	32
2005	277	32
2004	296	37
2003	313	35
2002	330	36
2001	349	37
2000	362	39
1999	378	41
1998	393	43
1997	407	45
1996	422	47
1995	437	48
1994	451	49
1993	467	51
1992	482	54
1991	498	57
1990	516	59
1989	538	61
1988	562	62
1987	592	64
1986	624	66
1985	658	68

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 80 deaths per 100,000 live births in India, compared to 18 deaths in Sri Lanka.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

India

Sri Lanka

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	India	Sri Lanka
2023	2.77%	0.61%
2022	2.91%	0.64%
2021	3.06%	0.66%
2020	3.24%	0.69%
2019	3.43%	0.72%
2018	3.64%	0.76%
2017	3.87%	0.79%
2016	4.11%	0.83%
2015	4.36%	0.87%
2014	4.63%	0.92%
2013	4.91%	0.98%
2012	5.2%	1.03%
2011	5.5%	1.08%
2010	5.82%	1.12%
2009	6.14%	2.08%
2008	6.46%	1.2%
2007	6.79%	1.26%
2006	7.11%	1.33%
2005	7.44%	1.4%
2004	7.77%	2.88%
2003	8.11%	1.52%
2002	8.45%	1.55%
2001	8.8%	1.58%
2000	9.16%	1.63%
1999	9.53%	1.69%
1998	9.89%	1.76%
1997	10.3%	1.86%
1996	10.6%	1.95%
1995	11%	2.05%
1994	11.3%	2.14%
1993	11.6%	2.22%
1992	12%	2.29%
1991	12.3%	2.32%
1990	12.7%	2.33%
1989	13%	2.74%
1988	13.4%	2.41%
1987	13.8%	2.54%
1986	14.2%	2.74%
1985	14.6%	3.02%
1984	15%	3.35%
1983	15.5%	3.67%
1982	15.9%	3.98%
1981	16.4%	4.29%
1980	16.9%	4.63%
1979	17.5%	4.99%
1978	18%	5.38%
1977	18.6%	5.77%
1976	19.1%	6.12%
1975	19.6%	6.41%
1974	20.1%	6.62%
1973	20.5%	6.77%
1972	20.8%	6.86%
1971	21.2%	6.94%
1970	21.5%	7.02%
1969	21.7%	7.14%
1968	22%	7.32%
1967	22.2%	7.55%
1966	22.4%	7.81%
1965	22.7%	8.07%
1964	22.9%	8.3%
1963	23.2%	8.48%
1962	23.5%	8.66%
1961	23.8%	8.95%
1960	24.1%	9.41%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 2.77% in India and 0.61% in Sri Lanka. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.