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Fertility & birth rates in India and Malawi

Updated on by Georank team

India has an annual birth rate of 16.1 births per 1,000 people, compared to 31.4 for Malawi. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 1.98 in India and 3.65 in Malawi — 84.7% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -66.6% in India and by -48.2% in Malawi — in 1960, it was 5.92 and 7.04, respectively.

Birth rates facts compared:

  • India is ranked 93/196 by birth rate compared to 25/196 for Malawi.
  • The mean age for first-time mothers is 21.2 years in India, compared to 19.1 years in Malawi.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 27.7 in India — it's 27.6 in Malawi.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 14.1 in India vs 113.6 in Malawi.
  • In India, 26.3% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 26.2% in Malawi.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +0.95% in India and +2.6% in Malawi.

Birth rate data compared

India Malawi
Fertility rate 1.98 3.65
Birth rate 16.1 31.4
Birth rate rank 93/196 25/196
Age at first childbirth 21.2 years 19.1 years
Average age at childbearing 27.7 years 27.6 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 12 112.9
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 131.1 171.4
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 17.9 51.6
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 26.3% 26.2%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 56.4% 64.7%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 89.4% 96.4%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.08% 0.23%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 1.73% 1.88%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 2.45% 2.94%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 2.77% 3.83%
Population change due to births and deaths +13,711,993 +549,096
Natural population change rank 1/196 35/196
Natural population change rate +0.95% +2.6%
Population growth +0.89% +2.61%
Population growth rank 109/197 27/197
Life expectancy 72.5 years 67.7 years

Fertility rate in India vs Malawi chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in India was 1.98 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.65 in Malawi in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check India vs Malawi population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

India
Factual

UN forecast
Malawi
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
India Malawi
1960 5.92 7.04
1961 5.94 7.07
1962 5.95 7.1
1963 5.97 7.13
1964 5.98 7.11
1965 5.94 7.13
1966 5.88 7.17
1967 5.83 7.21
1968 5.76 7.26
1969 5.68 7.27
1970 5.62 7.3
1971 5.57 7.31
1972 5.48 7.33
1973 5.4 7.34
1974 5.33 7.34
1975 5.2 7.36
1976 5.13 7.39
1977 5.01 7.41
1978 4.89 7.43
1979 4.81 7.47
1980 4.78 7.52
1981 4.7 7.49
1982 4.62 7.45
1983 4.57 7.36
1984 4.52 7.27
1985 4.43 7.17
1986 4.4 7.07
1987 4.31 6.97
1988 4.22 6.88
1989 4.13 6.8
1990 4.05 6.74
1991 3.96 6.68
1992 3.88 6.63
1993 3.8 6.57
1994 3.72 6.49
1995 3.65 6.39
1996 3.58 6.29
1997 3.51 6.23
1998 3.45 6.21
1999 3.38 6.12
2000 3.35 6
2001 3.3 5.94
2002 3.22 5.9
2003 3.12 5.88
2004 3.05 5.86
2005 2.96 5.85
2006 2.87 5.8
2007 2.78 5.72
2008 2.71 5.61
2009 2.67 5.45
2010 2.6 5.26
2011 2.53 5.08
2012 2.47 4.9
2013 2.4 4.76
2014 2.29 4.57
2015 2.29 4.38
2016 2.28 4.22
2017 2.19 4.11
2018 2.18 4.02
2019 2.12 3.95
2020 2.05 3.88
2021 2.01 3.79
2022 1.99 3.72
2023 1.98 3.65
2024 1.96 3.59
2025 1.94 3.53
2026 1.93 3.45
2027 1.91 3.39
2028 1.9 3.33
2029 1.89 3.29
2030 1.88 3.23
2031 1.87 3.18
2032 1.86 3.13
2033 1.85 3.09
2034 1.84 3.05
2035 1.84 3.01
2036 1.83 2.97
2037 1.82 2.93
2038 1.81 2.89
2039 1.81 2.86
2040 1.8 2.82
2041 1.8 2.79
2042 1.79 2.76
2043 1.79 2.73
2044 1.78 2.7
2045 1.78 2.67
2046 1.78 2.64
2047 1.77 2.61
2048 1.77 2.59
2049 1.77 2.57
2050 1.76 2.54

Children 0-14 years as share of population

India
Factual

UN forecast
Malawi
Factual

UN forecast
Year Share of people 0-14 years old
India Malawi
1960 40.6% 43.1%
1961 40.9% 42.9%
1962 41.2% 42.8%
1963 41.5% 42.9%
1964 41.6% 43%
1965 41.7% 43.2%
1966 41.7% 43.4%
1967 41.6% 43.7%
1968 41.5% 43.9%
1969 41.5% 44.2%
1970 41.4% 44.4%
1971 41.2% 44.6%
1972 41.1% 44.8%
1973 41% 44.9%
1974 40.8% 45.1%
1975 40.7% 45.2%
1976 40.5% 45.2%
1977 40.3% 45.3%
1978 40.1% 45.3%
1979 40% 45.3%
1980 39.8% 45.4%
1981 39.7% 45.4%
1982 39.6% 45.4%
1983 39.5% 45.5%
1984 39.4% 45.5%
1985 39.3% 45.4%
1986 39.2% 45.4%
1987 39.1% 45.1%
1988 38.9% 45%
1989 38.8% 45.2%
1990 38.6% 45.4%
1991 38.4% 45.6%
1992 38.1% 45.8%
1993 37.9% 46%
1994 37.6% 46.1%
1995 37.3% 46.1%
1996 37% 46.2%
1997 36.7% 46.2%
1998 36.3% 46.2%
1999 35.9% 46.2%
2000 35.6% 46.2%
2001 35.2% 46.1%
2002 34.8% 46.1%
2003 34.4% 46.1%
2004 34% 46%
2005 33.6% 46%
2006 33.1% 46.1%
2007 32.7% 46.1%
2008 32.2% 46.1%
2009 31.8% 46.2%
2010 31.3% 46.2%
2011 30.9% 46.2%
2012 30.4% 46.1%
2013 29.9% 46%
2014 29.4% 45.7%
2015 28.9% 45.4%
2016 28.4% 45.1%
2017 27.8% 44.6%
2018 27.3% 44.2%
2019 26.8% 43.7%
2020 26.3% 43.1%
2021 25.9% 42.5%
2022 25.5% 41.9%
2023 25.1% 41.3%
2024 24.6% 40.7%
2025 24.2% 40.1%
2026 23.8% 39.6%
2027 23.4% 39.1%
2028 23% 38.6%
2029 22.7% 38.1%
2030 22.4% 37.7%
2031 22.1% 37.4%
2032 21.8% 37%
2033 21.5% 36.7%
2034 21.3% 36.4%
2035 21% 36%
2036 20.8% 35.7%
2037 20.6% 35.3%
2038 20.4% 35%
2039 20.2% 34.6%
2040 19.9% 34.2%
2041 19.7% 33.9%
2042 19.5% 33.5%
2043 19.3% 33.1%
2044 19.1% 32.7%
2045 18.8% 32.3%
2046 18.6% 31.9%
2047 18.4% 31.5%
2048 18.2% 31.2%
2049 18% 30.8%
2050 17.8% 30.5%

Children aged 0-14 make up 24.6% of the population in India and 40.7% in Malawi in 2024, compared to 38.6% and 45.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of India and Malawi compared.

Natural population change in India vs Malawi by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.06% in India and +2.67% in Malawi. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

India
Malawi

Natural population change

Year Population change due to births and deaths
India Malawi
1960 10,237,489 85,718
1961 10,468,816 89,091
1962 10,743,409 92,463
1963 11,016,705 95,933
1964 11,285,378 97,658
1965 10,925,714 100,040
1966 11,089,894 103,512
1967 11,279,897 106,668
1968 12,006,807 110,329
1969 12,167,671 113,120
1970 12,417,866 116,822
1971 12,787,104 121,015
1972 13,041,792 125,728
1973 13,412,707 131,529
1974 13,795,836 137,819
1975 13,958,642 145,254
1976 14,435,504 153,422
1977 14,575,662 161,930
1978 14,898,145 172,503
1979 15,392,957 182,123
1980 16,018,786 192,746
1981 16,422,159 199,436
1982 16,790,507 205,386
1983 17,219,127 209,422
1984 17,698,810 212,146
1985 17,968,697 216,179
1986 18,455,495 218,519
1987 18,496,213 220,566
1988 18,702,916 226,911
1989 18,848,915 237,967
1990 18,893,588 250,159
1991 19,049,524 260,193
1992 19,132,757 269,066
1993 19,152,399 276,538
1994 19,310,798 275,439
1995 19,396,161 266,745
1996 19,442,699 270,048
1997 19,494,098 277,433
1998 19,569,575 285,407
1999 19,648,424 295,629
2000 19,984,160 300,439
2001 20,182,573 310,833
2002 20,024,621 322,863
2003 19,720,507 341,133
2004 19,469,758 361,133
2005 19,034,839 381,130
2006 18,641,737 397,123
2007 18,331,648 410,290
2008 18,234,926 421,781
2009 18,286,055 434,811
2010 17,991,935 444,468
2011 17,793,362 454,149
2012 17,552,365 460,684
2013 17,107,541 470,293
2014 16,165,943 472,418
2015 16,211,195 472,484
2016 16,202,593 474,779
2017 15,394,041 484,655
2018 15,451,168 494,348
2019 14,859,846 506,104
2020 13,366,946 514,659
2021 10,227,523 517,400
2022 13,912,130 533,450
2023 13,711,993 549,096

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart: India vs Malawi

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 80 deaths per 100,000 live births in India, compared to 225 deaths in Malawi.

India
Malawi
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
India Malawi
1985 658 1,115
1986 624 1,118
1987 592 1,123
1988 562 1,154
1989 538 1,136
1990 516 1,112
1991 498 1,080
1992 482 1,042
1993 467 1,000
1994 451 912
1995 437 782
1996 422 713
1997 407 672
1998 393 658
1999 378 576
2000 362 506
2001 349 447
2002 330 404
2003 313 346
2004 296 304
2005 277 283
2006 258 286
2007 240 333
2008 223 430
2009 205 512
2010 188 517
2011 173 486
2012 160 447
2013 148 410
2014 137 367
2015 129 354
2016 121 312
2017 113 284
2018 107 267
2019 101 260
2020 101 256
2021 155 286
2022 90 239
2023 80 225

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 2.77% in India and 3.83% in Malawi. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

India
Malawi

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
India Malawi
1960 24.1% -
1961 23.8% 35.9%
1962 23.5% 35.8%
1963 23.2% 35.7%
1964 22.9% 35.5%
1965 22.7% 35.4%
1966 22.4% 35.3%
1967 22.2% 35.1%
1968 22% 35%
1969 21.7% 34.7%
1970 21.5% 34.4%
1971 21.2% 33.9%
1972 20.8% 33.2%
1973 20.5% 32.4%
1974 20.1% 31.5%
1975 19.6% 30.6%
1976 19.1% 29.7%
1977 18.6% 28.7%
1978 18% 27.6%
1979 17.5% 26.5%
1980 16.9% 25.6%
1981 16.4% 24.9%
1982 15.9% 24.5%
1983 15.5% 24.5%
1984 15% 24.8%
1985 14.6% 25.1%
1986 14.2% 25.4%
1987 13.8% 25.5%
1988 13.4% 25.3%
1989 13% 24.9%
1990 12.7% 24.3%
1991 12.3% 23.6%
1992 12% 22.8%
1993 11.6% 22%
1994 11.3% 21.3%
1995 11% 20.7%
1996 10.6% 20.2%
1997 10.3% 19.7%
1998 9.89% 19.2%
1999 9.53% 18.4%
2000 9.16% 17.3%
2001 8.8% 16%
2002 8.45% 14.6%
2003 8.11% 13.2%
2004 7.77% 11.9%
2005 7.44% 11%
2006 7.11% 10.3%
2007 6.79% 9.83%
2008 6.46% 9.31%
2009 6.14% 8.81%
2010 5.82% 8.3%
2011 5.5% 7.67%
2012 5.2% 6.98%
2013 4.91% 6.4%
2014 4.63% 6.02%
2015 4.36% 5.67%
2016 4.11% 5.35%
2017 3.87% 5.06%
2018 3.64% 4.75%
2019 3.43% 4.55%
2020 3.24% 4.31%
2021 3.06% 4.15%
2022 2.91% 3.99%
2023 2.77% 3.83%

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Birth rate comparisons

Birth rate vs India vs Malawi
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