Fertility & birth rates in India and Singapore

Fertility rate in India vs Singapore by year

Chart Table

India

Singapore

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	India	Singapore
2023	1.98	0.97
2022	1.99	1.04
2021	2.01	1.12
2020	2.05	1.1
2019	2.12	1.14
2018	2.18	1.14
2017	2.19	1.16
2016	2.28	1.2
2015	2.29	1.24
2014	2.29	1.25
2013	2.4	1.19
2012	2.47	1.29
2011	2.53	1.2
2010	2.6	1.15
2009	2.67	1.22
2008	2.71	1.28
2007	2.78	1.29
2006	2.87	1.28
2005	2.96	1.26
2004	3.05	1.26
2003	3.12	1.27
2002	3.22	1.37
2001	3.3	1.41
2000	3.35	1.6
1999	3.38	1.47
1998	3.45	1.48
1997	3.51	1.61
1996	3.58	1.66
1995	3.65	1.67
1994	3.72	1.71
1993	3.8	1.74
1992	3.88	1.72
1991	3.96	1.73
1990	4.05	1.83
1989	4.13	1.75
1988	4.22	1.96
1987	4.31	1.62
1986	4.4	1.43
1985	4.43	1.61
1984	4.52	1.62
1983	4.57	1.61
1982	4.62	1.74
1981	4.7	1.78
1980	4.78	1.82
1979	4.81	1.79
1978	4.89	1.79
1977	5.01	1.82
1976	5.13	2.11
1975	5.2	2.07
1974	5.33	2.35
1973	5.4	2.79
1972	5.48	3.04
1971	5.57	3.02
1970	5.62	3.07
1969	5.68	3.22
1968	5.76	3.53
1967	5.83	3.91
1966	5.88	4.46
1965	5.94	4.66
1964	5.98	4.97
1963	5.97	5.16
1962	5.95	5.21
1961	5.94	5.41
1960	5.92	5.76

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in India was 1.98 children per woman in 2023, compared to 0.97 in Singapore in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check India vs Singapore population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

India

Singapore

1x

Year	Natural population change
	India	Singapore
2023	13,711,993	7,101
2022	13,912,130	9,019
2021	10,227,523	15,270
2020	13,366,946	18,763
2019	14,859,846	21,674
2018	15,451,168	21,427
2017	15,394,041	21,888
2016	16,202,593	25,794
2015	16,211,195	27,121
2014	16,165,943	27,896
2013	17,107,541	25,376
2012	17,552,365	29,750
2011	17,793,362	25,919
2010	17,991,935	24,876
2009	18,286,055	27,930
2008	18,234,926	28,068
2007	18,331,648	26,614
2006	18,641,737	25,968
2005	19,034,839	24,741
2004	19,469,758	24,583
2003	19,720,507	24,689
2002	20,024,621	29,231
2001	20,182,573	31,035
2000	19,984,160	37,057
1999	19,648,424	32,857
1998	19,569,575	33,381
1997	19,494,098	37,960
1996	19,442,699	38,542
1995	19,396,161	38,065
1994	19,310,798	39,319
1993	19,152,399	40,425
1992	19,132,757	39,091
1991	19,049,524	39,188
1990	18,893,588	41,136
1989	18,848,915	36,929
1988	18,702,916	42,407
1987	18,496,213	33,020
1986	18,455,495	27,880
1985	17,968,697	32,010
1984	17,698,810	31,967
1983	17,219,127	30,296
1982	16,790,507	33,346
1981	16,422,159	32,167
1980	16,018,786	30,657
1979	15,392,957	28,363
1978	14,898,145	27,537
1977	14,575,662	26,508
1976	14,435,504	31,189
1975	13,958,642	28,509
1974	13,795,836	31,664
1973	13,412,707	36,404
1972	13,041,792	38,098
1971	12,787,104	35,708
1970	12,417,866	35,059
1969	12,167,671	34,314
1968	12,006,807	36,216
1967	11,279,897	40,145
1966	11,089,894	44,298
1965	10,925,714	45,474
1964	11,285,378	47,697
1963	11,016,705	49,542
1962	10,743,409	48,830
1961	10,468,816	49,880
1960	10,237,489	51,533

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +0.95% in India and +0.12% in Singapore.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +1.06% in India and +0.35% in Singapore.

Birth rate in India vs Singapore by year

Chart Table

India

Singapore

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	India	Singapore
2023	16.1	7.4
2022	16.3	7.9
2021	16.5	8.6
2020	16.7	8.5
2019	17.4	8.8
2018	17.9	8.8
2017	18	8.9
2016	18.8	9.4
2015	18.9	9.7
2014	19.1	9.8
2013	20.1	9.3
2012	20.7	10.1
2011	21.2	9.5
2010	21.6	9.3
2009	22.2	9.9
2008	22.5	10.2
2007	22.9	10.3
2006	23.6	10.3
2005	24.3	10.2
2004	25.1	10.3
2003	25.8	10.5
2002	26.5	11.4
2001	27.2	11.8
2000	27.5	13.7
1999	27.7	12.8
1998	28.2	13.1
1997	28.7	14.5
1996	29.2	15.2
1995	29.8	15.6
1994	30.3	16.2
1993	30.8	16.8
1992	31.4	16.8
1991	32	17.1
1990	32.6	18.2
1989	33.3	17.5
1988	33.9	19.8
1987	34.4	16.6
1986	35.2	14.8
1985	35.4	16.6
1984	35.9	16.5
1983	36.1	16.3
1982	36.4	17.5
1981	36.8	17.6
1980	37.1	17.6
1979	37	17.1
1978	37.1	16.8
1977	37.6	16.5
1976	38.2	18.7
1975	38.4	17.7
1974	39	19.4
1973	39.3	22
1972	39.5	23.1
1971	39.7	22.3
1970	39.8	22.1
1969	40.1	21.8
1968	40.5	23.5
1967	40.8	25.6
1966	41.2	28.3
1965	41.7	29.5
1964	42.1	31.6
1963	42.3	33.2
1962	42.5	33.7
1961	42.7	35.2
1960	42.9	37.5

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 16.1 in India and 7.4 in Singapore, compared with 42.9 and 37.5, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

India

Factual

UN forecast

Singapore

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	India	Singapore
2100	13.8%	10.2%
2099	13.8%	10.1%
2098	13.8%	9.95%
2097	13.9%	9.84%
2096	13.9%	9.72%
2095	13.9%	9.6%
2094	13.9%	9.48%
2093	14%	9.37%
2092	14%	9.27%
2091	14%	9.18%
2090	14.1%	9.1%
2089	14.1%	9.04%
2088	14.2%	8.99%
2087	14.2%	8.96%
2086	14.2%	8.95%
2085	14.3%	8.95%
2084	14.4%	8.97%
2083	14.4%	9%
2082	14.5%	9.04%
2081	14.6%	9.09%
2080	14.6%	9.15%
2079	14.7%	9.21%
2078	14.8%	9.27%
2077	14.8%	9.32%
2076	14.9%	9.38%
2075	15%	9.42%
2074	15.1%	9.45%
2073	15.2%	9.46%
2072	15.2%	9.47%
2071	15.3%	9.45%
2070	15.4%	9.42%
2069	15.5%	9.37%
2068	15.6%	9.31%
2067	15.6%	9.24%
2066	15.7%	9.15%
2065	15.8%	9.05%
2064	15.9%	8.95%
2063	16%	8.85%
2062	16.1%	8.75%
2061	16.2%	8.65%
2060	16.3%	8.57%
2059	16.4%	8.5%
2058	16.6%	8.45%
2057	16.7%	8.43%
2056	16.8%	8.44%
2055	17%	8.48%
2054	17.2%	8.56%
2053	17.3%	8.67%
2052	17.5%	8.83%
2051	17.7%	9.02%
2050	17.9%	9.23%
2049	18.1%	9.47%
2048	18.3%	9.73%
2047	18.5%	10%
2046	18.7%	10.3%
2045	18.9%	10.6%
2044	19.2%	10.8%
2043	19.4%	11.1%
2042	19.6%	11.4%
2041	19.8%	11.6%
2040	20%	11.8%
2039	20.3%	11.9%
2038	20.5%	12%
2037	20.7%	12.1%
2036	20.9%	12.1%
2035	21.1%	12.1%
2034	21.4%	12.1%
2033	21.7%	12.1%
2032	21.9%	12.1%
2031	22.2%	12%
2030	22.5%	12%
2029	22.8%	11.9%
2028	23.2%	11.8%
2027	23.6%	11.8%
2026	24%	11.7%
2025	24.4%	11.7%
2024	24.6%	11.7%
2023	25.1%	11.8%
2022	25.5%	12%
2021	25.9%	12.2%
2020	26.3%	12.2%
2019	26.8%	12.2%
2018	27.3%	12.3%
2017	27.8%	12.4%
2016	28.4%	12.5%
2015	28.9%	12.7%
2014	29.4%	12.9%
2013	29.9%	13.1%
2012	30.4%	13.4%
2011	30.9%	13.7%
2010	31.3%	14.1%
2009	31.8%	14.6%
2008	32.2%	15.1%
2007	32.7%	15.8%
2006	33.1%	16.6%
2005	33.6%	17.2%
2004	34%	17.8%
2003	34.4%	18.2%
2002	34.8%	18.4%
2001	35.2%	18.6%
2000	35.6%	18.8%
1999	35.9%	19%
1998	36.3%	19.2%
1997	36.7%	19.5%
1996	37%	20%
1995	37.3%	20.4%
1994	37.6%	20.7%
1993	37.9%	21%
1992	38.1%	21.1%
1991	38.4%	21.2%
1990	38.6%	21.4%
1989	38.8%	21.7%
1988	38.9%	22%
1987	39.1%	22.4%
1986	39.2%	22.9%
1985	39.3%	23.1%
1984	39.4%	23.3%
1983	39.5%	23.7%
1982	39.6%	24.2%
1981	39.7%	25.2%
1980	39.8%	26.4%
1979	40%	27.6%
1978	40.1%	28.8%
1977	40.3%	30%
1976	40.5%	31.2%
1975	40.7%	32.5%
1974	40.8%	33.7%
1973	41%	35%
1972	41.1%	36.2%
1971	41.2%	37.5%
1970	41.4%	38.7%
1969	41.5%	39.8%
1968	41.5%	40.8%
1967	41.6%	41.7%
1966	41.7%	42.5%
1965	41.7%	43.2%
1964	41.6%	43.8%
1963	41.5%	44.4%
1962	41.2%	44.7%
1961	40.9%	44.8%
1960	40.6%	44.7%

Children aged 0-14 make up 24.6% of the population in India and 11.7% in Singapore in 2024, compared to 38.6% and 21.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of India and Singapore compared.

Maternal mortality chart: India vs Singapore

Chart Table

India

Singapore

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	India	Singapore
2023	80	6
2022	90	34
2021	155	20
2020	101	13
2019	101	7
2018	107	8
2017	113	8
2016	121	8
2015	129	8
2014	137	9
2013	148	9
2012	160	10
2011	173	10
2010	188	10
2009	205	10
2008	223	11
2007	240	12
2006	258	13
2005	277	14
2004	296	14
2003	313	15
2002	330	16
2001	349	16
2000	362	17
1999	378	17
1998	393	17
1997	407	17
1996	422	17
1995	437	17
1994	451	16
1993	467	16
1992	482	16
1991	498	16
1990	516	17
1989	538	18
1988	562	18
1987	592	18
1986	624	18
1985	658	18

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 80 deaths per 100,000 live births in India, compared to 6 deaths in Singapore.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

India

Singapore

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	India	Singapore
2023	2.77%	0.21%
2022	2.91%	0.22%
2021	3.06%	0.22%
2020	3.24%	0.23%
2019	3.43%	0.24%
2018	3.64%	0.25%
2017	3.87%	0.26%
2016	4.11%	0.27%
2015	4.36%	0.27%
2014	4.63%	0.27%
2013	4.91%	0.28%
2012	5.2%	0.28%
2011	5.5%	0.28%
2010	5.82%	0.28%
2009	6.14%	0.28%
2008	6.46%	0.28%
2007	6.79%	0.29%
2006	7.11%	0.29%
2005	7.44%	0.3%
2004	7.77%	0.31%
2003	8.11%	0.32%
2002	8.45%	0.34%
2001	8.8%	0.36%
2000	9.16%	0.38%
1999	9.53%	0.41%
1998	9.89%	0.44%
1997	10.3%	0.46%
1996	10.6%	0.48%
1995	11%	0.51%
1994	11.3%	0.54%
1993	11.6%	0.58%
1992	12%	0.63%
1991	12.3%	0.7%
1990	12.7%	0.77%
1989	13%	0.84%
1988	13.4%	0.91%
1987	13.8%	0.97%
1986	14.2%	1.03%
1985	14.6%	1.09%
1984	15%	1.16%
1983	15.5%	1.23%
1982	15.9%	1.32%
1981	16.4%	1.4%
1980	16.9%	1.46%
1979	17.5%	1.49%
1978	18%	1.51%
1977	18.6%	1.54%
1976	19.1%	1.62%
1975	19.6%	1.75%
1974	20.1%	1.95%
1973	20.5%	2.18%
1972	20.8%	2.39%
1971	21.2%	2.56%
1970	21.5%	2.71%
1969	21.7%	2.86%
1968	22%	3.01%
1967	22.2%	3.18%
1966	22.4%	3.34%
1965	22.7%	3.5%
1964	22.9%	3.64%
1963	23.2%	3.81%
1962	23.5%	4.05%
1961	23.8%	4.37%
1960	24.1%	4.76%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 2.77% in India and 0.21% in Singapore. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.