Fertility & birth rates in Eswatini and India

Fertility rate in Eswatini vs India chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Eswatini was 2.75 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.98 in India in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Eswatini vs India population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Eswatini	India
1960	6.75	5.92
1961	6.77	5.94
1962	6.79	5.95
1963	6.8	5.97
1964	6.79	5.98
1965	6.79	5.94
1966	6.8	5.88
1967	6.77	5.83
1968	6.76	5.76
1969	6.76	5.68
1970	6.75	5.62
1971	6.74	5.57
1972	6.72	5.48
1973	6.72	5.4
1974	6.71	5.33
1975	6.71	5.2
1976	6.7	5.13
1977	6.68	5.01
1978	6.65	4.89
1979	6.61	4.81
1980	6.57	4.78
1981	6.54	4.7
1982	6.49	4.62
1983	6.43	4.57
1984	6.36	4.52
1985	6.28	4.43
1986	6.11	4.4
1987	5.9	4.31
1988	5.69	4.22
1989	5.48	4.13
1990	5.3	4.05
1991	5.13	3.96
1992	4.98	3.88
1993	4.82	3.8
1994	4.66	3.72
1995	4.52	3.65
1996	4.38	3.58
1997	4.24	3.51
1998	4.13	3.45
1999	4.09	3.38
2000	4.03	3.35
2001	3.94	3.3
2002	3.85	3.22
2003	3.8	3.12
2004	3.76	3.05
2005	3.7	2.96
2006	3.63	2.87
2007	3.58	2.78
2008	3.57	2.71
2009	3.5	2.67
2010	3.38	2.6
2011	3.32	2.53
2012	3.27	2.47
2013	3.24	2.4
2014	3.18	2.29
2015	3.12	2.29
2016	3.07	2.28
2017	3.02	2.19
2018	2.97	2.18
2019	2.93	2.12
2020	2.89	2.05
2021	2.84	2.01
2022	2.8	1.99
2023	2.75	1.98
2024	2.72	1.96
2025	2.68	1.94
2026	2.64	1.93
2027	2.61	1.91
2028	2.57	1.9
2029	2.54	1.89
2030	2.51	1.88
2031	2.49	1.87
2032	2.45	1.86
2033	2.42	1.85
2034	2.4	1.84
2035	2.37	1.84
2036	2.35	1.83
2037	2.32	1.82
2038	2.3	1.81
2039	2.28	1.81
2040	2.26	1.8
2041	2.24	1.8
2042	2.22	1.79
2043	2.2	1.79
2044	2.18	1.78
2045	2.16	1.78
2046	2.14	1.78
2047	2.13	1.77
2048	2.11	1.77
2049	2.1	1.77
2050	2.08	1.76

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Eswatini	India
1960	46.9%	40.6%
1961	47.2%	40.9%
1962	47.4%	41.2%
1963	47.7%	41.5%
1964	47.8%	41.6%
1965	47.7%	41.7%
1966	47.7%	41.7%
1967	47.5%	41.6%
1968	47.3%	41.5%
1969	47.2%	41.5%
1970	47.2%	41.4%
1971	47.2%	41.2%
1972	47.3%	41.1%
1973	47.4%	41%
1974	47.5%	40.8%
1975	47.7%	40.7%
1976	47.9%	40.5%
1977	48.1%	40.3%
1978	48.3%	40.1%
1979	48.5%	40%
1980	48.7%	39.8%
1981	48.9%	39.7%
1982	49.2%	39.6%
1983	49.3%	39.5%
1984	49.4%	39.4%
1985	49.5%	39.3%
1986	49.4%	39.2%
1987	49.3%	39.1%
1988	48.7%	38.9%
1989	48.1%	38.8%
1990	47.6%	38.6%
1991	47.1%	38.4%
1992	46.6%	38.1%
1993	46.4%	37.9%
1994	47%	37.6%
1995	47.4%	37.3%
1996	46.9%	37%
1997	46.2%	36.7%
1998	45.3%	36.3%
1999	44.4%	35.9%
2000	43.6%	35.6%
2001	42.9%	35.2%
2002	42.3%	34.8%
2003	41.8%	34.4%
2004	41.4%	34%
2005	41.1%	33.6%
2006	40.8%	33.1%
2007	40.4%	32.7%
2008	39.9%	32.2%
2009	39.3%	31.8%
2010	38.8%	31.3%
2011	38.4%	30.9%
2012	38%	30.4%
2013	37.6%	29.9%
2014	37.2%	29.4%
2015	36.8%	28.9%
2016	36.4%	28.4%
2017	36%	27.8%
2018	35.6%	27.3%
2019	35.1%	26.8%
2020	34.7%	26.3%
2021	34.3%	25.9%
2022	34%	25.5%
2023	33.7%	25.1%
2024	33.4%	24.6%
2025	33%	24.2%
2026	32.6%	23.8%
2027	32.2%	23.4%
2028	31.8%	23%
2029	31.4%	22.7%
2030	31%	22.4%
2031	30.7%	22.1%
2032	30.3%	21.8%
2033	29.9%	21.5%
2034	29.5%	21.3%
2035	29.1%	21%
2036	28.7%	20.8%
2037	28.4%	20.6%
2038	28%	20.4%
2039	27.7%	20.2%
2040	27.4%	19.9%
2041	27.1%	19.7%
2042	26.8%	19.5%
2043	26.5%	19.3%
2044	26.2%	19.1%
2045	26%	18.8%
2046	25.7%	18.6%
2047	25.4%	18.4%
2048	25.1%	18.2%
2049	24.9%	18%
2050	24.6%	17.8%

Children aged 0-14 make up 33.4% of the population in Eswatini and 24.6% in India in 2024, compared to 47.6% and 38.6% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Eswatini and India compared.

Natural population change in Eswatini vs India by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.63% in Eswatini and +1.06% in India. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Eswatini	India
1960	9,947	10,237,489
1961	10,262	10,468,816
1962	10,601	10,743,409
1963	10,929	11,016,705
1964	11,266	11,285,378
1965	11,719	10,925,714
1966	12,282	11,089,894
1967	12,773	11,279,897
1968	13,449	12,006,807
1969	14,164	12,167,671
1970	14,873	12,417,866
1971	15,615	12,787,104
1972	16,353	13,041,792
1973	17,145	13,412,707
1974	17,971	13,795,836
1975	18,849	13,958,642
1976	19,734	14,435,504
1977	20,609	14,575,662
1978	21,466	14,898,145
1979	22,299	15,392,957
1980	23,153	16,018,786
1981	23,973	16,422,159
1982	24,742	16,790,507
1983	24,883	17,219,127
1984	26,149	17,698,810
1985	26,835	17,968,697
1986	27,096	18,455,495
1987	27,285	18,496,213
1988	27,396	18,702,916
1989	28,257	18,848,915
1990	28,349	18,893,588
1991	28,497	19,049,524
1992	28,446	19,132,757
1993	28,046	19,152,399
1994	26,703	19,310,798
1995	23,029	19,396,161
1996	21,858	19,442,699
1997	20,686	19,494,098
1998	19,762	19,569,575
1999	19,420	19,648,424
2000	18,830	19,984,160
2001	17,824	20,182,573
2002	16,924	20,024,621
2003	16,396	19,720,507
2004	15,979	19,469,758
2005	15,945	19,034,839
2006	16,133	18,641,737
2007	16,595	18,331,648
2008	17,275	18,234,926
2009	17,656	18,286,055
2010	17,652	17,991,935
2011	17,645	17,793,362
2012	18,308	17,552,365
2013	18,903	17,107,541
2014	19,107	16,165,943
2015	19,223	16,211,195
2016	19,233	16,202,593
2017	19,278	15,394,041
2018	19,392	15,451,168
2019	19,488	14,859,846
2020	18,899	13,366,946
2021	17,314	10,227,523
2022	20,125	13,912,130
2023	20,147	13,711,993

Maternal mortality chart: Eswatini vs India

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 118 deaths per 100,000 live births in Eswatini, compared to 80 deaths in India.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Eswatini	India
1985	580	658
1986	548	624
1987	521	592
1988	494	562
1989	505	538
1990	520	516
1991	545	498
1992	580	482
1993	609	467
1994	645	451
1995	612	437
1996	604	422
1997	550	407
1998	475	393
1999	409	378
2000	361	362
2001	307	349
2002	331	330
2003	392	313
2004	451	296
2005	529	277
2006	511	258
2007	647	240
2008	766	223
2009	855	205
2010	752	188
2011	765	173
2012	613	160
2013	491	148
2014	369	137
2015	283	129
2016	213	121
2017	151	113
2018	133	107
2019	96	101
2020	102	101
2021	219	155
2022	112	90
2023	118	80

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4.5% in Eswatini and 2.77% in India. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Eswatini	India
1960	20.7%	24.1%
1961	20.4%	23.8%
1962	20%	23.5%
1963	19.6%	23.2%
1964	19.2%	22.9%
1965	18.8%	22.7%
1966	18.3%	22.4%
1967	17.9%	22.2%
1968	17.4%	22%
1969	17%	21.7%
1970	16.5%	21.5%
1971	16%	21.2%
1972	15.4%	20.8%
1973	14.9%	20.5%
1974	14.3%	20.1%
1975	13.7%	19.6%
1976	13.2%	19.1%
1977	12.6%	18.6%
1978	12%	18%
1979	11.5%	17.5%
1980	10.9%	16.9%
1981	10.4%	16.4%
1982	9.89%	15.9%
1983	10.4%	15.5%
1984	8.85%	15%
1985	8.37%	14.6%
1986	7.93%	14.2%
1987	7.54%	13.8%
1988	7.2%	13.4%
1989	6.93%	13%
1990	6.75%	12.7%
1991	6.72%	12.3%
1992	6.85%	12%
1993	7.17%	11.6%
1994	7.62%	11.3%
1995	8.12%	11%
1996	8.71%	10.6%
1997	9.3%	10.3%
1998	9.87%	9.89%
1999	10.4%	9.53%
2000	10.9%	9.16%
2001	11.3%	8.8%
2002	11.4%	8.45%
2003	11.6%	8.11%
2004	11.6%	7.77%
2005	11.6%	7.44%
2006	10.5%	7.11%
2007	10%	6.79%
2008	9.82%	6.46%
2009	9.25%	6.14%
2010	8.18%	5.82%
2011	6.81%	5.5%
2012	6.38%	5.2%
2013	6.16%	4.91%
2014	6.17%	4.63%
2015	5.86%	4.36%
2016	5.53%	4.11%
2017	5.43%	3.87%
2018	5.1%	3.64%
2019	5.16%	3.43%
2020	4.98%	3.24%
2021	4.76%	3.06%
2022	4.62%	2.91%
2023	4.5%	2.77%