Fertility & birth rates in India and Madagascar

Fertility rate in India vs Madagascar chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in India was 1.98 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.97 in Madagascar in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check India vs Madagascar population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	India	Madagascar
1960	5.92	7.34
1961	5.94	7.3
1962	5.95	7.26
1963	5.97	7.21
1964	5.98	7.19
1965	5.94	7.17
1966	5.88	7.16
1967	5.83	7.14
1968	5.76	7.13
1969	5.68	7.12
1970	5.62	7.1
1971	5.57	7.07
1972	5.48	7.04
1973	5.4	7.01
1974	5.33	6.99
1975	5.2	6.97
1976	5.13	6.95
1977	5.01	6.93
1978	4.89	6.9
1979	4.81	6.87
1980	4.78	6.84
1981	4.7	6.77
1982	4.62	6.7
1983	4.57	6.63
1984	4.52	6.55
1985	4.43	6.46
1986	4.4	6.34
1987	4.31	6.24
1988	4.22	6.18
1989	4.13	6.15
1990	4.05	6.14
1991	3.96	6.12
1992	3.88	6.08
1993	3.8	6.06
1994	3.72	6.04
1995	3.65	6.04
1996	3.58	6.03
1997	3.51	6.02
1998	3.45	5.99
1999	3.38	5.84
2000	3.35	5.67
2001	3.3	5.53
2002	3.22	5.41
2003	3.12	5.33
2004	3.05	5.26
2005	2.96	5.2
2006	2.87	5.13
2007	2.78	5.08
2008	2.71	5.04
2009	2.67	5
2010	2.6	4.9
2011	2.53	4.74
2012	2.47	4.61
2013	2.4	4.53
2014	2.29	4.42
2015	2.29	4.34
2016	2.28	4.29
2017	2.19	4.26
2018	2.18	4.25
2019	2.12	4.22
2020	2.05	4.17
2021	2.01	4.1
2022	1.99	4.04
2023	1.98	3.97
2024	1.96	3.91
2025	1.94	3.84
2026	1.93	3.78
2027	1.91	3.72
2028	1.9	3.66
2029	1.89	3.61
2030	1.88	3.56
2031	1.87	3.51
2032	1.86	3.46
2033	1.85	3.41
2034	1.84	3.36
2035	1.84	3.32
2036	1.83	3.28
2037	1.82	3.24
2038	1.81	3.2
2039	1.81	3.16
2040	1.8	3.12
2041	1.8	3.09
2042	1.79	3.05
2043	1.79	3.02
2044	1.78	2.99
2045	1.78	2.95
2046	1.78	2.92
2047	1.77	2.9
2048	1.77	2.87
2049	1.77	2.84
2050	1.76	2.82

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	India	Madagascar
1960	40.6%	45.2%
1961	40.9%	45.8%
1962	41.2%	46.3%
1963	41.5%	46.7%
1964	41.6%	46.8%
1965	41.7%	46.7%
1966	41.7%	46.6%
1967	41.6%	46.5%
1968	41.5%	46.5%
1969	41.5%	46.4%
1970	41.4%	46.4%
1971	41.2%	46.4%
1972	41.1%	46.4%
1973	41%	46.4%
1974	40.8%	46.5%
1975	40.7%	46.5%
1976	40.5%	46.6%
1977	40.3%	46.7%
1978	40.1%	46.8%
1979	40%	46.9%
1980	39.8%	47%
1981	39.7%	47.1%
1982	39.6%	47.1%
1983	39.5%	47%
1984	39.4%	46.9%
1985	39.3%	46.8%
1986	39.2%	46.7%
1987	39.1%	46.5%
1988	38.9%	46.3%
1989	38.8%	46.1%
1990	38.6%	45.9%
1991	38.4%	45.7%
1992	38.1%	45.6%
1993	37.9%	45.5%
1994	37.6%	45.4%
1995	37.3%	45.3%
1996	37%	45.3%
1997	36.7%	45.3%
1998	36.3%	45.4%
1999	35.9%	45.4%
2000	35.6%	45.4%
2001	35.2%	45.4%
2002	34.8%	45.4%
2003	34.4%	45.4%
2004	34%	45.3%
2005	33.6%	45.2%
2006	33.1%	45%
2007	32.7%	44.8%
2008	32.2%	44.6%
2009	31.8%	44.3%
2010	31.3%	44%
2011	30.9%	43.7%
2012	30.4%	43.3%
2013	29.9%	42.8%
2014	29.4%	42.4%
2015	28.9%	42%
2016	28.4%	41.6%
2017	27.8%	41.2%
2018	27.3%	40.9%
2019	26.8%	40.7%
2020	26.3%	40.4%
2021	25.9%	40.1%
2022	25.5%	39.9%
2023	25.1%	39.6%
2024	24.6%	39.3%
2025	24.2%	38.9%
2026	23.8%	38.6%
2027	23.4%	38.4%
2028	23%	38.1%
2029	22.7%	37.8%
2030	22.4%	37.6%
2031	22.1%	37.3%
2032	21.8%	37%
2033	21.5%	36.7%
2034	21.3%	36.4%
2035	21%	36%
2036	20.8%	35.7%
2037	20.6%	35.3%
2038	20.4%	35%
2039	20.2%	34.6%
2040	19.9%	34.3%
2041	19.7%	34%
2042	19.5%	33.6%
2043	19.3%	33.3%
2044	19.1%	33%
2045	18.8%	32.7%
2046	18.6%	32.4%
2047	18.4%	32.1%
2048	18.2%	31.8%
2049	18%	31.6%
2050	17.8%	31.3%

Children aged 0-14 make up 24.6% of the population in India and 39.3% in Madagascar in 2024, compared to 38.6% and 45.9% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of India and Madagascar compared.

Natural population change in India vs Madagascar by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.06% in India and +2.57% in Madagascar. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	India	Madagascar
1960	10,237,489	133,684
1961	10,468,816	136,578
1962	10,743,409	139,412
1963	11,016,705	142,666
1964	11,285,378	146,894
1965	10,925,714	152,362
1966	11,089,894	159,483
1967	11,279,897	167,287
1968	12,006,807	175,869
1969	12,167,671	184,562
1970	12,417,866	194,889
1971	12,787,104	204,617
1972	13,041,792	213,138
1973	13,412,707	221,768
1974	13,795,836	230,233
1975	13,958,642	238,774
1976	14,435,504	247,026
1977	14,575,662	255,399
1978	14,898,145	263,684
1979	15,392,957	270,752
1980	16,018,786	275,287
1981	16,422,159	277,535
1982	16,790,507	284,733
1983	17,219,127	290,085
1984	17,698,810	296,892
1985	17,968,697	304,199
1986	18,455,495	307,074
1987	18,496,213	317,621
1988	18,702,916	330,510
1989	18,848,915	344,279
1990	18,893,588	360,621
1991	19,049,524	375,040
1992	19,132,757	388,430
1993	19,152,399	408,801
1994	19,310,798	428,169
1995	19,396,161	450,259
1996	19,442,699	471,453
1997	19,494,098	490,905
1998	19,569,575	508,408
1999	19,648,424	516,976
2000	19,984,160	520,860
2001	20,182,573	529,656
2002	20,024,621	535,518
2003	19,720,507	544,903
2004	19,469,758	556,319
2005	19,034,839	568,143
2006	18,641,737	581,489
2007	18,331,648	597,772
2008	18,234,926	615,580
2009	18,286,055	634,008
2010	17,991,935	641,543
2011	17,793,362	640,577
2012	17,552,365	644,255
2013	17,107,541	654,230
2014	16,165,943	660,837
2015	16,211,195	668,977
2016	16,202,593	682,801
2017	15,394,041	699,498
2018	15,451,168	719,267
2019	14,859,846	735,853
2020	13,366,946	736,607
2021	10,227,523	741,416
2022	13,912,130	753,931
2023	13,711,993	766,391

Maternal mortality chart: India vs Madagascar

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 80 deaths per 100,000 live births in India, compared to 445 deaths in Madagascar.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	India	Madagascar
1985	658	751
1986	624	730
1987	592	702
1988	562	687
1989	538	684
1990	516	692
1991	498	691
1992	482	699
1993	467	688
1994	451	688
1995	437	684
1996	422	680
1997	407	676
1998	393	663
1999	378	647
2000	362	638
2001	349	611
2002	330	593
2003	313	571
2004	296	555
2005	277	540
2006	258	528
2007	240	522
2008	223	510
2009	205	507
2010	188	500
2011	173	492
2012	160	487
2013	148	481
2014	137	477
2015	129	474
2016	121	470
2017	113	469
2018	107	466
2019	101	462
2020	101	447
2021	155	467
2022	90	439
2023	80	445

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 2.77% in India and 6.48% in Madagascar. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	India	Madagascar
1960	24.1%	-
1961	23.8%	-
1962	23.5%	-
1963	23.2%	-
1964	22.9%	-
1965	22.7%	-
1966	22.4%	-
1967	22.2%	-
1968	22%	14.6%
1969	21.7%	14.7%
1970	21.5%	14.9%
1971	21.2%	15.1%
1972	20.8%	15.3%
1973	20.5%	15.6%
1974	20.1%	15.8%
1975	19.6%	16.1%
1976	19.1%	16.3%
1977	18.6%	16.5%
1978	18%	16.7%
1979	17.5%	16.9%
1980	16.9%	17.1%
1981	16.4%	17.4%
1982	15.9%	17.6%
1983	15.5%	17.8%
1984	15%	17.8%
1985	14.6%	17.7%
1986	14.2%	17.5%
1987	13.8%	17.1%
1988	13.4%	16.6%
1989	13%	16.1%
1990	12.7%	15.6%
1991	12.3%	15%
1992	12%	14.5%
1993	11.6%	14%
1994	11.3%	13.5%
1995	11%	13.1%
1996	10.6%	12.6%
1997	10.3%	12%
1998	9.89%	11.5%
1999	9.53%	11%
2000	9.16%	10.5%
2001	8.8%	10%
2002	8.45%	9.6%
2003	8.11%	9.2%
2004	7.77%	8.82%
2005	7.44%	8.46%
2006	7.11%	8.12%
2007	6.79%	7.81%
2008	6.46%	7.53%
2009	6.14%	7.28%
2010	5.82%	7.07%
2011	5.5%	6.9%
2012	5.2%	6.77%
2013	4.91%	6.69%
2014	4.63%	6.62%
2015	4.36%	6.58%
2016	4.11%	6.57%
2017	3.87%	6.57%
2018	3.64%	6.58%
2019	3.43%	6.61%
2020	3.24%	6.63%
2021	3.06%	6.62%
2022	2.91%	6.57%
2023	2.77%	6.48%