India has an annual birth rate of 16.1 births per 1,000 people, compared to 8 for Romania. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 1.98 in India and 1.71 in Romania — 13.4% difference.
1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -66.6% in India and by -26.9% in Romania — in 1960, it was 5.92 and 2.34, respectively.
Birth rates facts compared:
- India is ranked 93/196 by birth rate compared to 177/196 for Romania.
- The mean age for first-time mothers is 21.2 years in India, compared to 27.1 years in Romania.
- The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 27.7 in India — it's 28.4 in Romania.
- Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 14.1 in India vs 33.8 in Romania.
- In India, 26.3% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 21.4% in Romania.
- Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +0.95% in India and -0.47% in Romania.
Birth rate data compared
India
|
Romania
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Fertility rate | 1.98 | 1.71 |
| Birth rate | 16.1 | 8 |
| Birth rate rank | 93/196 | 177/196 |
| Age at first childbirth | 21.2 years | 27.1 years |
| Average age at childbearing | 27.7 years | 28.4 years |
| Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 | 12 | 31.7 |
| Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 | 131.1 | 86.6 |
| Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ | 17.9 | 11.2 |
| Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population | 26.3% | 21.4% |
| Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 | 56.4% | 50.5% |
| Share of births attended by skilled health staff | 89.4% | 93% |
| Maternal mortality per live birth | 0.08% | 0.01% |
| Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) | 1.73% | 0.33% |
| Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) | 2.45% | 0.54% |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births | 2.77% | 0.66% |
| Population change due to births and deaths | +13,711,993 | -89,580 |
| Natural population change rank | 1/196 | 188/196 |
| Natural population change rate | +0.95% | -0.47% |
| Population growth | +0.89% | +0.05% |
| Population growth rank | 109/197 | 162/197 |
| Life expectancy | 72.5 years | 76.2 years |
Fertility rate in India vs Romania chart
According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in India was 1.98 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.71 in Romania in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.
Check India vs Romania population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.
The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.
India
Factual
UN forecast
Romania
Factual
UN forecast
Births per woman
| Year | Fertility rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
India
|
Romania
|
|
| 1960 | 5.92 | 2.34 |
| 1961 | 5.94 | 2.17 |
| 1962 | 5.95 | 2.04 |
| 1963 | 5.97 | 2.01 |
| 1964 | 5.98 | 1.96 |
| 1965 | 5.94 | 1.91 |
| 1966 | 5.88 | 1.9 |
| 1967 | 5.83 | 3.66 |
| 1968 | 5.76 | 3.63 |
| 1969 | 5.68 | 3.19 |
| 1970 | 5.62 | 2.89 |
| 1971 | 5.57 | 2.67 |
| 1972 | 5.48 | 2.55 |
| 1973 | 5.4 | 2.44 |
| 1974 | 5.33 | 2.71 |
| 1975 | 5.2 | 2.59 |
| 1976 | 5.13 | 2.54 |
| 1977 | 5.01 | 2.57 |
| 1978 | 4.89 | 2.52 |
| 1979 | 4.81 | 2.49 |
| 1980 | 4.78 | 2.43 |
| 1981 | 4.7 | 2.36 |
| 1982 | 4.62 | 2.17 |
| 1983 | 4.57 | 2.06 |
| 1984 | 4.52 | 2.26 |
| 1985 | 4.43 | 2.31 |
| 1986 | 4.4 | 2.39 |
| 1987 | 4.31 | 2.38 |
| 1988 | 4.22 | 2.3 |
| 1989 | 4.13 | 2.22 |
| 1990 | 4.05 | 1.83 |
| 1991 | 3.96 | 1.59 |
| 1992 | 3.88 | 1.51 |
| 1993 | 3.8 | 1.43 |
| 1994 | 3.72 | 1.4 |
| 1995 | 3.65 | 1.33 |
| 1996 | 3.58 | 1.3 |
| 1997 | 3.51 | 1.32 |
| 1998 | 3.45 | 1.32 |
| 1999 | 3.38 | 1.3 |
| 2000 | 3.35 | 1.31 |
| 2001 | 3.3 | 1.27 |
| 2002 | 3.22 | 1.27 |
| 2003 | 3.12 | 1.3 |
| 2004 | 3.05 | 1.33 |
| 2005 | 2.96 | 1.4 |
| 2006 | 2.87 | 1.42 |
| 2007 | 2.78 | 1.45 |
| 2008 | 2.71 | 1.6 |
| 2009 | 2.67 | 1.66 |
| 2010 | 2.6 | 1.59 |
| 2011 | 2.53 | 1.47 |
| 2012 | 2.47 | 1.52 |
| 2013 | 2.4 | 1.46 |
| 2014 | 2.29 | 1.56 |
| 2015 | 2.29 | 1.62 |
| 2016 | 2.28 | 1.69 |
| 2017 | 2.19 | 1.78 |
| 2018 | 2.18 | 1.76 |
| 2019 | 2.12 | 1.77 |
| 2020 | 2.05 | 1.8 |
| 2021 | 2.01 | 1.81 |
| 2022 | 1.99 | 1.71 |
| 2023 | 1.98 | 1.71 |
| 2024 | 1.96 | 1.71 |
| 2025 | 1.94 | 1.71 |
| 2026 | 1.93 | 1.7 |
| 2027 | 1.91 | 1.7 |
| 2028 | 1.9 | 1.7 |
| 2029 | 1.89 | 1.7 |
| 2030 | 1.88 | 1.7 |
| 2031 | 1.87 | 1.7 |
| 2032 | 1.86 | 1.7 |
| 2033 | 1.85 | 1.69 |
| 2034 | 1.84 | 1.69 |
| 2035 | 1.84 | 1.69 |
| 2036 | 1.83 | 1.69 |
| 2037 | 1.82 | 1.69 |
| 2038 | 1.81 | 1.69 |
| 2039 | 1.81 | 1.69 |
| 2040 | 1.8 | 1.69 |
| 2041 | 1.8 | 1.68 |
| 2042 | 1.79 | 1.68 |
| 2043 | 1.79 | 1.68 |
| 2044 | 1.78 | 1.68 |
| 2045 | 1.78 | 1.68 |
| 2046 | 1.78 | 1.68 |
| 2047 | 1.77 | 1.68 |
| 2048 | 1.77 | 1.68 |
| 2049 | 1.77 | 1.68 |
| 2050 | 1.76 | 1.68 |
Children 0-14 years as share of population
India
Factual
UN forecast
Romania
Factual
UN forecast
| Year | Share of people 0-14 years old | |
|---|---|---|
|
India
|
Romania
|
|
| 1960 | 40.6% | 28.1% |
| 1961 | 40.9% | 28% |
| 1962 | 41.2% | 27.7% |
| 1963 | 41.5% | 27.3% |
| 1964 | 41.6% | 26.7% |
| 1965 | 41.7% | 26% |
| 1966 | 41.7% | 25.2% |
| 1967 | 41.6% | 25% |
| 1968 | 41.5% | 25.1% |
| 1969 | 41.5% | 25.1% |
| 1970 | 41.4% | 25.1% |
| 1971 | 41.2% | 24.9% |
| 1972 | 41.1% | 24.9% |
| 1973 | 41% | 24.9% |
| 1974 | 40.8% | 25.1% |
| 1975 | 40.7% | 25.3% |
| 1976 | 40.5% | 25.7% |
| 1977 | 40.3% | 26% |
| 1978 | 40.1% | 26.3% |
| 1979 | 40% | 26.5% |
| 1980 | 39.8% | 26.8% |
| 1981 | 39.7% | 27.1% |
| 1982 | 39.6% | 26.8% |
| 1983 | 39.5% | 25.9% |
| 1984 | 39.4% | 25.1% |
| 1985 | 39.3% | 24.6% |
| 1986 | 39.2% | 24.3% |
| 1987 | 39.1% | 24% |
| 1988 | 38.9% | 23.9% |
| 1989 | 38.8% | 23.7% |
| 1990 | 38.6% | 23.3% |
| 1991 | 38.4% | 22.8% |
| 1992 | 38.1% | 22.2% |
| 1993 | 37.9% | 21.6% |
| 1994 | 37.6% | 21% |
| 1995 | 37.3% | 20.5% |
| 1996 | 37% | 20% |
| 1997 | 36.7% | 19.6% |
| 1998 | 36.3% | 19.3% |
| 1999 | 35.9% | 19.1% |
| 2000 | 35.6% | 18.6% |
| 2001 | 35.2% | 18.1% |
| 2002 | 34.8% | 17.5% |
| 2003 | 34.4% | 16.9% |
| 2004 | 34% | 16.4% |
| 2005 | 33.6% | 16% |
| 2006 | 33.1% | 15.8% |
| 2007 | 32.7% | 15.7% |
| 2008 | 32.2% | 15.7% |
| 2009 | 31.8% | 15.7% |
| 2010 | 31.3% | 15.7% |
| 2011 | 30.9% | 15.8% |
| 2012 | 30.4% | 15.7% |
| 2013 | 29.9% | 15.7% |
| 2014 | 29.4% | 15.7% |
| 2015 | 28.9% | 15.7% |
| 2016 | 28.4% | 15.7% |
| 2017 | 27.8% | 15.8% |
| 2018 | 27.3% | 15.9% |
| 2019 | 26.8% | 16% |
| 2020 | 26.3% | 16.1% |
| 2021 | 25.9% | 16.1% |
| 2022 | 25.5% | 16% |
| 2023 | 25.1% | 15.9% |
| 2024 | 24.6% | 15.7% |
| 2025 | 24.2% | 15.6% |
| 2026 | 23.8% | 15.4% |
| 2027 | 23.4% | 15.3% |
| 2028 | 23% | 15.2% |
| 2029 | 22.7% | 15.1% |
| 2030 | 22.4% | 15% |
| 2031 | 22.1% | 14.9% |
| 2032 | 21.8% | 14.7% |
| 2033 | 21.5% | 14.6% |
| 2034 | 21.3% | 14.4% |
| 2035 | 21% | 14.4% |
| 2036 | 20.8% | 14.3% |
| 2037 | 20.6% | 14.3% |
| 2038 | 20.4% | 14.3% |
| 2039 | 20.2% | 14.2% |
| 2040 | 19.9% | 14.2% |
| 2041 | 19.7% | 14.3% |
| 2042 | 19.5% | 14.3% |
| 2043 | 19.3% | 14.3% |
| 2044 | 19.1% | 14.3% |
| 2045 | 18.8% | 14.4% |
| 2046 | 18.6% | 14.4% |
| 2047 | 18.4% | 14.4% |
| 2048 | 18.2% | 14.4% |
| 2049 | 18% | 14.4% |
| 2050 | 17.8% | 14.4% |
Children aged 0-14 make up 24.6% of the population in India and 15.7% in Romania in 2024, compared to 38.6% and 23.3% respectively in 1990.
Natural population change in India vs Romania by year
For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.06% in India and -0.4% in Romania. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.
India
Romania
Natural population change
| Year | Population change due to births and deaths | |
|---|---|---|
|
India
|
Romania
|
|
| 1960 | 10,237,489 | 191,431 |
| 1961 | 10,468,816 | 163,286 |
| 1962 | 10,743,409 | 130,736 |
| 1963 | 11,016,705 | 139,104 |
| 1964 | 11,285,378 | 134,326 |
| 1965 | 10,925,714 | 114,190 |
| 1966 | 11,089,894 | 115,293 |
| 1967 | 11,279,897 | 347,709 |
| 1968 | 12,006,807 | 338,577 |
| 1969 | 12,167,671 | 264,120 |
| 1970 | 12,417,866 | 234,905 |
| 1971 | 12,787,104 | 206,662 |
| 1972 | 13,041,792 | 198,316 |
| 1973 | 13,412,707 | 175,020 |
| 1974 | 13,795,836 | 235,530 |
| 1975 | 13,958,642 | 219,324 |
| 1976 | 14,435,504 | 213,361 |
| 1977 | 14,575,662 | 215,385 |
| 1978 | 14,898,145 | 204,148 |
| 1979 | 15,392,957 | 194,397 |
| 1980 | 16,018,786 | 168,776 |
| 1981 | 16,422,159 | 156,472 |
| 1982 | 16,790,507 | 119,121 |
| 1983 | 17,219,127 | 87,986 |
| 1984 | 17,698,810 | 117,731 |
| 1985 | 17,968,697 | 111,392 |
| 1986 | 18,455,495 | 134,737 |
| 1987 | 18,496,213 | 128,517 |
| 1988 | 18,702,916 | 126,817 |
| 1989 | 18,848,915 | 122,756 |
| 1990 | 18,893,588 | 69,605 |
| 1991 | 19,049,524 | 25,301 |
| 1992 | 19,132,757 | -4,559 |
| 1993 | 19,152,399 | -13,658 |
| 1994 | 19,310,798 | -18,184 |
| 1995 | 19,396,161 | -36,295 |
| 1996 | 19,442,699 | -56,548 |
| 1997 | 19,494,098 | -42,853 |
| 1998 | 19,569,575 | -33,761 |
| 1999 | 19,648,424 | -31,461 |
| 2000 | 19,984,160 | -22,443 |
| 2001 | 20,182,573 | -37,625 |
| 2002 | 20,024,621 | -58,673 |
| 2003 | 19,720,507 | -56,093 |
| 2004 | 19,469,758 | -42,904 |
| 2005 | 19,034,839 | -40,508 |
| 2006 | 18,641,737 | -38,148 |
| 2007 | 18,331,648 | -37,590 |
| 2008 | 18,234,926 | -30,806 |
| 2009 | 18,286,055 | -34,625 |
| 2010 | 17,991,935 | -46,567 |
| 2011 | 17,793,362 | -56,413 |
| 2012 | 17,552,365 | -54,157 |
| 2013 | 17,107,541 | -59,951 |
| 2014 | 16,165,943 | -55,745 |
| 2015 | 16,211,195 | -59,447 |
| 2016 | 16,202,593 | -53,196 |
| 2017 | 15,394,041 | -50,930 |
| 2018 | 15,451,168 | -62,316 |
| 2019 | 14,859,846 | -60,053 |
| 2020 | 13,366,946 | -100,179 |
| 2021 | 10,227,523 | -141,504 |
| 2022 | 13,912,130 | -93,338 |
| 2023 | 13,711,993 | -89,580 |
Fertility rates around the globe
Fertility rate
Maternal mortality chart: India vs Romania
The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 80 deaths per 100,000 live births in India, compared to 12 deaths in Romania.
India
Romania
| Year | Maternal mortality per 100K births | |
|---|---|---|
|
India
|
Romania
|
|
| 1985 | 658 | 184 |
| 1986 | 624 | 180 |
| 1987 | 592 | 173 |
| 1988 | 562 | 159 |
| 1989 | 538 | 143 |
| 1990 | 516 | 118 |
| 1991 | 498 | 104 |
| 1992 | 482 | 95 |
| 1993 | 467 | 87 |
| 1994 | 451 | 80 |
| 1995 | 437 | 75 |
| 1996 | 422 | 72 |
| 1997 | 407 | 66 |
| 1998 | 393 | 58 |
| 1999 | 378 | 51 |
| 2000 | 362 | 45 |
| 2001 | 349 | 41 |
| 2002 | 330 | 38 |
| 2003 | 313 | 35 |
| 2004 | 296 | 32 |
| 2005 | 277 | 30 |
| 2006 | 258 | 27 |
| 2007 | 240 | 25 |
| 2008 | 223 | 25 |
| 2009 | 205 | 25 |
| 2010 | 188 | 23 |
| 2011 | 173 | 20 |
| 2012 | 160 | 19 |
| 2013 | 148 | 18 |
| 2014 | 137 | 18 |
| 2015 | 129 | 18 |
| 2016 | 121 | 17 |
| 2017 | 113 | 17 |
| 2018 | 107 | 15 |
| 2019 | 101 | 14 |
| 2020 | 101 | 16 |
| 2021 | 155 | 20 |
| 2022 | 90 | 13 |
| 2023 | 80 | 12 |
Under-five mortality rates
The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 2.77% in India and 0.66% in Romania. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.
India
Romania
Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five
| Year | Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births | |
|---|---|---|
|
India
|
Romania
|
|
| 1960 | 24.1% | 8.82% |
| 1961 | 23.8% | 7.98% |
| 1962 | 23.5% | 6.98% |
| 1963 | 23.2% | 6.03% |
| 1964 | 22.9% | 5.45% |
| 1965 | 22.7% | 5.44% |
| 1966 | 22.4% | 5.83% |
| 1967 | 22.2% | 6.27% |
| 1968 | 22% | 6.44% |
| 1969 | 21.7% | 6.23% |
| 1970 | 21.5% | 5.69% |
| 1971 | 21.2% | 5.06% |
| 1972 | 20.8% | 4.64% |
| 1973 | 20.5% | 4.49% |
| 1974 | 20.1% | 4.43% |
| 1975 | 19.6% | 4.27% |
| 1976 | 19.1% | 4.05% |
| 1977 | 18.6% | 3.86% |
| 1978 | 18% | 3.76% |
| 1979 | 17.5% | 3.68% |
| 1980 | 16.9% | 3.57% |
| 1981 | 16.4% | 3.44% |
| 1982 | 15.9% | 3.28% |
| 1983 | 15.5% | 3.14% |
| 1984 | 15% | 3.08% |
| 1985 | 14.6% | 3.16% |
| 1986 | 14.2% | 3.33% |
| 1987 | 13.8% | 3.45% |
| 1988 | 13.4% | 3.43% |
| 1989 | 13% | 3.31% |
| 1990 | 12.7% | 3.14% |
| 1991 | 12.3% | 2.97% |
| 1992 | 12% | 2.84% |
| 1993 | 11.6% | 2.79% |
| 1994 | 11.3% | 2.76% |
| 1995 | 11% | 2.73% |
| 1996 | 10.6% | 2.68% |
| 1997 | 10.3% | 2.58% |
| 1998 | 9.89% | 2.44% |
| 1999 | 9.53% | 2.29% |
| 2000 | 9.16% | 2.16% |
| 2001 | 8.8% | 2.06% |
| 2002 | 8.45% | 2.01% |
| 2003 | 8.11% | 1.99% |
| 2004 | 7.77% | 1.94% |
| 2005 | 7.44% | 1.82% |
| 2006 | 7.11% | 1.66% |
| 2007 | 6.79% | 1.51% |
| 2008 | 6.46% | 1.4% |
| 2009 | 6.14% | 1.31% |
| 2010 | 5.82% | 1.24% |
| 2011 | 5.5% | 1.18% |
| 2012 | 5.2% | 1.12% |
| 2013 | 4.91% | 1.05% |
| 2014 | 4.63% | 0.99% |
| 2015 | 4.36% | 0.92% |
| 2016 | 4.11% | 0.85% |
| 2017 | 3.87% | 0.79% |
| 2018 | 3.64% | 0.73% |
| 2019 | 3.43% | 0.68% |
| 2020 | 3.24% | 0.66% |
| 2021 | 3.06% | 0.65% |
| 2022 | 2.91% | 0.66% |
| 2023 | 2.77% | 0.66% |
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