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Fertility & birth rates in India and Vietnam

Updated on by Georank team

India has an annual birth rate of 16.1 births per 1,000 people, compared to 13.8 for Vietnam. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 1.98 in India and 1.91 in Vietnam — 3.14% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -66.6% in India and by -69.5% in Vietnam — in 1960, it was 5.92 and 6.27, respectively.

Birth rates facts compared:

  • India is ranked 93/196 by birth rate compared to 103/196 for Vietnam.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 27.7 in India — it's 27.2 in Vietnam.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 14.1 in India vs 34.3 in Vietnam.
  • In India, 26.3% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 25.7% in Vietnam.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +0.95% in India and +0.73% in Vietnam.

Birth rate data compared

India Vietnam
Fertility rate 1.98 1.91
Birth rate 16.1 13.8
Birth rate rank 93/196 103/196
Age at first childbirth 21.2 years n/a
Average age at childbearing 27.7 years 27.2 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 12 34.1
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 131.1 113.5
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 17.9 15.3
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 26.3% 25.7%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 56.4% 59.8%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 89.4% 96.1%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.08% 0.05%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 1.73% 1.03%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 2.45% 1.4%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 2.77% 2%
Population change due to births and deaths +13,711,993 +727,955
Natural population change rank 1/196 27/196
Natural population change rate +0.95% +0.73%
Population growth +0.89% +0.63%
Population growth rank 109/197 124/197
Life expectancy 72.5 years 74.9 years

Fertility rate in India vs Vietnam chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in India was 1.98 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.91 in Vietnam in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check India vs Vietnam population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

India
Factual

UN forecast
Vietnam
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
India Vietnam
1960 5.92 6.27
1961 5.94 5.48
1962 5.95 6.26
1963 5.97 6.39
1964 5.98 6.29
1965 5.94 6.16
1966 5.88 5.97
1967 5.83 5.88
1968 5.76 6.03
1969 5.68 6.01
1970 5.62 6.02
1971 5.57 6.07
1972 5.48 6.1
1973 5.4 6.11
1974 5.33 5.78
1975 5.2 5.62
1976 5.13 5.46
1977 5.01 5.29
1978 4.89 5.1
1979 4.81 4.94
1980 4.78 4.8
1981 4.7 4.67
1982 4.62 4.59
1983 4.57 4.52
1984 4.52 4.41
1985 4.43 4.21
1986 4.4 3.96
1987 4.31 3.72
1988 4.22 3.62
1989 4.13 3.64
1990 4.05 3.6
1991 3.96 3.52
1992 3.88 3.35
1993 3.8 3.17
1994 3.72 2.94
1995 3.65 2.7
1996 3.58 2.47
1997 3.51 2.27
1998 3.45 2.1
1999 3.38 2
2000 3.35 2.03
2001 3.3 2.02
2002 3.22 2.01
2003 3.12 2
2004 3.05 1.97
2005 2.96 1.89
2006 2.87 1.87
2007 2.78 1.91
2008 2.71 1.93
2009 2.67 1.92
2010 2.6 1.91
2011 2.53 1.93
2012 2.47 1.97
2013 2.4 1.98
2014 2.29 2.09
2015 2.29 2.1
2016 2.28 2
2017 2.19 1.99
2018 2.18 1.88
2019 2.12 1.94
2020 2.05 1.96
2021 2.01 1.94
2022 1.99 1.93
2023 1.98 1.91
2024 1.96 1.9
2025 1.94 1.88
2026 1.93 1.86
2027 1.91 1.85
2028 1.9 1.84
2029 1.89 1.83
2030 1.88 1.82
2031 1.87 1.81
2032 1.86 1.8
2033 1.85 1.79
2034 1.84 1.79
2035 1.84 1.78
2036 1.83 1.78
2037 1.82 1.78
2038 1.81 1.77
2039 1.81 1.77
2040 1.8 1.77
2041 1.8 1.77
2042 1.79 1.77
2043 1.79 1.76
2044 1.78 1.76
2045 1.78 1.76
2046 1.78 1.76
2047 1.77 1.75
2048 1.77 1.75
2049 1.77 1.75
2050 1.76 1.75

Children 0-14 years as share of population

India
Factual

UN forecast
Vietnam
Factual

UN forecast
Year Share of people 0-14 years old
India Vietnam
1960 40.6% 41.1%
1961 40.9% 41.8%
1962 41.2% 42.4%
1963 41.5% 43.1%
1964 41.6% 43.4%
1965 41.7% 43.5%
1966 41.7% 43.6%
1967 41.6% 43.5%
1968 41.5% 43.4%
1969 41.5% 43.2%
1970 41.4% 42.9%
1971 41.2% 42.7%
1972 41.1% 42.4%
1973 41% 42.1%
1974 40.8% 41.8%
1975 40.7% 41.4%
1976 40.5% 41.2%
1977 40.3% 41%
1978 40.1% 40.6%
1979 40% 40.4%
1980 39.8% 40.3%
1981 39.7% 40.2%
1982 39.6% 40.2%
1983 39.5% 40.2%
1984 39.4% 40.1%
1985 39.3% 40.1%
1986 39.2% 39.9%
1987 39.1% 39.6%
1988 38.9% 39.2%
1989 38.8% 38.8%
1990 38.6% 38.5%
1991 38.4% 38.1%
1992 38.1% 37.7%
1993 37.9% 37.2%
1994 37.6% 36.7%
1995 37.3% 36.1%
1996 37% 35.4%
1997 36.7% 34.5%
1998 36.3% 33.5%
1999 35.9% 32.5%
2000 35.6% 31.5%
2001 35.2% 30.6%
2002 34.8% 29.9%
2003 34.4% 29.2%
2004 34% 28.5%
2005 33.6% 27.7%
2006 33.1% 26.9%
2007 32.7% 26.2%
2008 32.2% 25.6%
2009 31.8% 25.1%
2010 31.3% 24.6%
2011 30.9% 24.2%
2012 30.4% 24%
2013 29.9% 23.9%
2014 29.4% 24%
2015 28.9% 24%
2016 28.4% 24.1%
2017 27.8% 24.4%
2018 27.3% 24.6%
2019 26.8% 24.5%
2020 26.3% 24.4%
2021 25.9% 24.2%
2022 25.5% 23.9%
2023 25.1% 23.6%
2024 24.6% 23.2%
2025 24.2% 22.9%
2026 23.8% 22.4%
2027 23.4% 21.8%
2028 23% 21.1%
2029 22.7% 20.5%
2030 22.4% 19.9%
2031 22.1% 19.5%
2032 21.8% 19.1%
2033 21.5% 18.8%
2034 21.3% 18.5%
2035 21% 18.3%
2036 20.8% 18.1%
2037 20.6% 17.9%
2038 20.4% 17.8%
2039 20.2% 17.7%
2040 19.9% 17.6%
2041 19.7% 17.5%
2042 19.5% 17.5%
2043 19.3% 17.5%
2044 19.1% 17.4%
2045 18.8% 17.4%
2046 18.6% 17.3%
2047 18.4% 17.3%
2048 18.2% 17.2%
2049 18% 17.1%
2050 17.8% 17%

Children aged 0-14 make up 24.6% of the population in India and 23.2% in Vietnam in 2024, compared to 38.6% and 38.5% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of India and Vietnam compared.

Natural population change in India vs Vietnam by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.06% in India and +0.97% in Vietnam. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

India
Vietnam

Natural population change

Year Population change due to births and deaths
India Vietnam
1960 10,237,489 955,268
1961 10,468,816 798,978
1962 10,743,409 960,046
1963 11,016,705 961,067
1964 11,285,378 950,219
1965 10,925,714 913,761
1966 11,089,894 876,283
1967 11,279,897 862,071
1968 12,006,807 815,116
1969 12,167,671 878,359
1970 12,417,866 905,902
1971 12,787,104 963,259
1972 13,041,792 921,524
1973 13,412,707 1,061,707
1974 13,795,836 1,000,505
1975 13,958,642 1,175,181
1976 14,435,504 1,232,608
1977 14,575,662 1,259,315
1978 14,898,145 1,286,991
1979 15,392,957 1,314,563
1980 16,018,786 1,321,595
1981 16,422,159 1,358,500
1982 16,790,507 1,407,959
1983 17,219,127 1,453,913
1984 17,698,810 1,477,448
1985 17,968,697 1,453,954
1986 18,455,495 1,407,957
1987 18,496,213 1,359,481
1988 18,702,916 1,370,108
1989 18,848,915 1,423,622
1990 18,893,588 1,449,157
1991 19,049,524 1,459,311
1992 19,132,757 1,419,952
1993 19,152,399 1,370,365
1994 19,310,798 1,291,534
1995 19,396,161 1,203,666
1996 19,442,699 1,108,686
1997 19,494,098 1,028,116
1998 19,569,575 959,016
1999 19,648,424 925,519
2000 19,984,160 966,894
2001 20,182,573 985,610
2002 20,024,621 991,427
2003 19,720,507 1,001,470
2004 19,469,758 985,438
2005 19,034,839 942,084
2006 18,641,737 943,041
2007 18,331,648 981,689
2008 18,234,926 1,008,141
2009 18,286,055 1,007,778
2010 17,991,935 1,005,559
2011 17,793,362 1,029,859
2012 17,552,365 1,063,741
2013 17,107,541 1,071,570
2014 16,165,943 1,151,221
2015 16,211,195 1,145,903
2016 16,202,593 1,045,094
2017 15,394,041 1,001,833
2018 15,451,168 882,977
2019 14,859,846 895,262
2020 13,366,946 924,004
2021 10,227,523 799,593
2022 13,912,130 775,914
2023 13,711,993 727,955

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart: India vs Vietnam

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 80 deaths per 100,000 live births in India, compared to 48 deaths in Vietnam.

India
Vietnam
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
India Vietnam
1985 658 186
1986 624 174
1987 592 163
1988 562 155
1989 538 152
1990 516 147
1991 498 142
1992 482 139
1993 467 135
1994 451 130
1995 437 119
1996 422 111
1997 407 104
1998 393 93
1999 378 86
2000 362 83
2001 349 78
2002 330 74
2003 313 71
2004 296 72
2005 277 69
2006 258 67
2007 240 66
2008 223 65
2009 205 64
2010 188 62
2011 173 61
2012 160 60
2013 148 60
2014 137 59
2015 129 58
2016 121 56
2017 113 55
2018 107 53
2019 101 52
2020 101 51
2021 155 52
2022 90 49
2023 80 48

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 2.77% in India and 2% in Vietnam. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

India
Vietnam

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
India Vietnam
1960 24.1% -
1961 23.8% -
1962 23.5% -
1963 23.2% -
1964 22.9% 8.73%
1965 22.7% 9.93%
1966 22.4% 9.97%
1967 22.2% 10%
1968 22% 11.6%
1969 21.7% 10.8%
1970 21.5% 10.7%
1971 21.2% 10.5%
1972 20.8% 11.9%
1973 20.5% 10.4%
1974 20.1% 10.7%
1975 19.6% 7.75%
1976 19.1% 7.6%
1977 18.6% 7.44%
1978 18% 7.27%
1979 17.5% 7.1%
1980 16.9% 6.94%
1981 16.4% 6.79%
1982 15.9% 6.64%
1983 15.5% 6.5%
1984 15% 6.36%
1985 14.6% 6.21%
1986 14.2% 6.04%
1987 13.8% 5.85%
1988 13.4% 5.64%
1989 13% 5.4%
1990 12.7% 5.15%
1991 12.3% 4.9%
1992 12% 4.64%
1993 11.6% 4.39%
1994 11.3% 4.14%
1995 11% 3.9%
1996 10.6% 3.68%
1997 10.3% 3.48%
1998 9.89% 3.29%
1999 9.53% 3.13%
2000 9.16% 2.98%
2001 8.8% 2.86%
2002 8.45% 2.74%
2003 8.11% 2.65%
2004 7.77% 2.57%
2005 7.44% 2.5%
2006 7.11% 2.45%
2007 6.79% 2.4%
2008 6.46% 2.36%
2009 6.14% 2.33%
2010 5.82% 2.31%
2011 5.5% 2.28%
2012 5.2% 2.26%
2013 4.91% 2.24%
2014 4.63% 2.22%
2015 4.36% 2.2%
2016 4.11% 2.18%
2017 3.87% 2.15%
2018 3.64% 2.14%
2019 3.43% 2.12%
2020 3.24% 2.1%
2021 3.06% 2.07%
2022 2.91% 2.04%
2023 2.77% 2%

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Birth rate comparisons

Birth rate vs India vs Vietnam
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