Fertility & birth rates in Ethiopia and India

Fertility rate in Ethiopia vs India by year

Chart Table

Ethiopia

India

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Ethiopia	India
2023	3.99	1.98
2022	4.08	1.99
2021	4.18	2.01
2020	4.27	2.05
2019	4.35	2.12
2018	4.37	2.18
2017	4.4	2.19
2016	4.47	2.28
2015	4.53	2.29
2014	4.61	2.29
2013	4.71	2.4
2012	4.89	2.47
2011	5.08	2.53
2010	5.28	2.6
2009	5.49	2.67
2008	5.7	2.71
2007	5.89	2.78
2006	6.05	2.87
2005	6.19	2.96
2004	6.3	3.05
2003	6.4	3.12
2002	6.5	3.22
2001	6.58	3.3
2000	6.65	3.35
1999	6.72	3.38
1998	6.79	3.45
1997	6.87	3.51
1996	6.93	3.58
1995	7	3.65
1994	7.05	3.72
1993	7.09	3.8
1992	7.13	3.88
1991	7.16	3.96
1990	7.2	4.05
1989	7.23	4.13
1988	7.26	4.22
1987	7.29	4.31
1986	7.32	4.4
1985	7.34	4.43
1984	7.36	4.52
1983	7.35	4.57
1982	7.34	4.62
1981	7.31	4.7
1980	7.29	4.78
1979	7.25	4.81
1978	7.23	4.89
1977	7.19	5.01
1976	7.13	5.13
1975	7.08	5.2
1974	7.02	5.33
1973	6.96	5.4
1972	6.9	5.48
1971	6.84	5.57
1970	6.78	5.62
1969	6.72	5.68
1968	6.7	5.76
1967	6.68	5.83
1966	6.66	5.88
1965	6.63	5.94
1964	6.61	5.98
1963	6.59	5.97
1962	6.56	5.95
1961	6.53	5.94
1960	6.51	5.92

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Ethiopia was 3.99 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.98 in India in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Ethiopia vs India population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Ethiopia

India

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Ethiopia	India
2023	3,338,649	13,711,993
2022	3,300,114	13,912,130
2021	3,204,673	10,227,523
2020	3,199,718	13,366,946
2019	3,132,780	14,859,846
2018	3,015,231	15,451,168
2017	2,899,143	15,394,041
2016	2,809,889	16,202,593
2015	2,713,529	16,211,195
2014	2,623,647	16,165,943
2013	2,546,020	17,107,541
2012	2,533,398	17,552,365
2011	2,527,811	17,793,362
2010	2,498,048	17,991,935
2009	2,467,118	18,286,055
2008	2,465,283	18,234,926
2007	2,436,753	18,331,648
2006	2,393,585	18,641,737
2005	2,353,375	19,034,839
2004	2,296,999	19,469,758
2003	2,231,223	19,720,507
2002	2,189,683	20,024,621
2001	2,137,791	20,182,573
2000	2,083,622	19,984,160
1999	2,010,987	19,648,424
1998	1,984,989	19,569,575
1997	1,945,112	19,494,098
1996	1,896,364	19,442,699
1995	1,831,068	19,396,161
1994	1,788,133	19,310,798
1993	1,734,851	19,152,399
1992	1,673,839	19,132,757
1991	1,579,416	19,049,524
1990	1,479,663	18,893,588
1989	1,441,769	18,848,915
1988	1,393,356	18,702,916
1987	1,356,853	18,496,213
1986	1,050,277	18,455,495
1985	997,050	17,968,697
1984	920,670	17,698,810
1983	863,472	17,219,127
1982	1,080,853	16,790,507
1981	1,018,838	16,422,159
1980	1,007,516	16,018,786
1979	987,203	15,392,957
1978	943,388	14,898,145
1977	929,381	14,575,662
1976	899,577	14,435,504
1975	801,425	13,958,642
1974	777,306	13,795,836
1973	807,535	13,412,707
1972	779,808	13,041,792
1971	787,047	12,787,104
1970	760,821	12,417,866
1969	736,428	12,167,671
1968	715,602	12,006,807
1967	695,283	11,279,897
1966	616,281	11,089,894
1965	642,359	10,925,714
1964	618,667	11,285,378
1963	590,998	11,016,705
1962	563,650	10,743,409
1961	538,518	10,468,816
1960	511,694	10,237,489

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +2.59% in Ethiopia and +0.95% in India.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +2.64% in Ethiopia and +1.06% in India.

Birth rate in Ethiopia vs India by year

Chart Table

Ethiopia

India

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Ethiopia	India
2023	31.9	16.1
2022	32.4	16.3
2021	32.9	16.5
2020	33.3	16.7
2019	33.5	17.4
2018	33.4	17.9
2017	33.2	18
2016	33.3	18.8
2015	33.3	18.9
2014	33.4	19.1
2013	33.6	20.1
2012	34.6	20.7
2011	35.7	21.2
2010	36.6	21.6
2009	37.5	22.2
2008	38.9	22.5
2007	40.1	22.9
2006	41.1	23.6
2005	42.1	24.3
2004	42.7	25.1
2003	43.3	25.8
2002	44.3	26.5
2001	45	27.2
2000	45.6	27.5
1999	46.4	27.7
1998	47	28.2
1997	47.9	28.7
1996	48.6	29.2
1995	49	29.8
1994	49.6	30.3
1993	50.1	30.8
1992	50.4	31.4
1991	50.2	32
1990	50.8	32.6
1989	50.8	33.3
1988	50.9	33.9
1987	51.2	34.4
1986	51.5	35.2
1985	51.6	35.4
1984	51.4	35.9
1983	51.1	36.1
1982	50.8	36.4
1981	50.3	36.8
1980	51.4	37.1
1979	51.3	37
1978	51	37.1
1977	51.2	37.6
1976	50.7	38.2
1975	50.6	38.4
1974	50.4	39
1973	50.1	39.3
1972	50	39.5
1971	49.9	39.7
1970	49.7	39.8
1969	49.6	40.1
1968	49.5	40.5
1967	49.6	40.8
1966	49.5	41.2
1965	49.3	41.7
1964	49	42.1
1963	48.7	42.3
1962	48.5	42.5
1961	48.1	42.7
1960	47.9	42.9

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 31.9 in Ethiopia and 16.1 in India, compared with 47.9 and 42.9, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Ethiopia

Factual

UN forecast

India

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Ethiopia	India
2100	19.2%	13.8%
2099	19.4%	13.8%
2098	19.5%	13.8%
2097	19.6%	13.9%
2096	19.8%	13.9%
2095	19.9%	13.9%
2094	20.1%	13.9%
2093	20.2%	14%
2092	20.4%	14%
2091	20.5%	14%
2090	20.7%	14.1%
2089	20.9%	14.1%
2088	21%	14.2%
2087	21.2%	14.2%
2086	21.4%	14.2%
2085	21.5%	14.3%
2084	21.7%	14.4%
2083	21.9%	14.4%
2082	22.1%	14.5%
2081	22.3%	14.6%
2080	22.5%	14.6%
2079	22.6%	14.7%
2078	22.8%	14.8%
2077	23.1%	14.8%
2076	23.3%	14.9%
2075	23.5%	15%
2074	23.7%	15.1%
2073	23.9%	15.2%
2072	24.2%	15.2%
2071	24.4%	15.3%
2070	24.7%	15.4%
2069	24.9%	15.5%
2068	25.2%	15.6%
2067	25.4%	15.6%
2066	25.7%	15.7%
2065	26%	15.8%
2064	26.2%	15.9%
2063	26.5%	16%
2062	26.8%	16.1%
2061	27.1%	16.2%
2060	27.4%	16.3%
2059	27.6%	16.4%
2058	27.9%	16.6%
2057	28.2%	16.7%
2056	28.5%	16.8%
2055	28.8%	17%
2054	29%	17.2%
2053	29.3%	17.3%
2052	29.6%	17.5%
2051	29.9%	17.7%
2050	30.2%	17.9%
2049	30.5%	18.1%
2048	30.8%	18.3%
2047	31.1%	18.5%
2046	31.5%	18.7%
2045	31.9%	18.9%
2044	32.2%	19.2%
2043	32.6%	19.4%
2042	33%	19.6%
2041	33.4%	19.8%
2040	33.8%	20%
2039	34.3%	20.3%
2038	34.7%	20.5%
2037	35.1%	20.7%
2036	35.6%	20.9%
2035	36%	21.1%
2034	36.5%	21.4%
2033	36.8%	21.7%
2032	37.2%	21.9%
2031	37.5%	22.2%
2030	37.7%	22.5%
2029	37.9%	22.8%
2028	38.2%	23.2%
2027	38.4%	23.6%
2026	38.6%	24%
2025	38.9%	24.4%
2024	39.1%	24.6%
2023	39.4%	25.1%
2022	39.7%	25.5%
2021	40.1%	25.9%
2020	40.5%	26.3%
2019	40.9%	26.8%
2018	41.3%	27.3%
2017	41.8%	27.8%
2016	42.3%	28.4%
2015	42.9%	28.9%
2014	43.4%	29.4%
2013	44%	29.9%
2012	44.6%	30.4%
2011	45.2%	30.9%
2010	45.7%	31.3%
2009	46.2%	31.8%
2008	46.6%	32.2%
2007	46.9%	32.7%
2006	47.2%	33.1%
2005	47.4%	33.6%
2004	47.6%	34%
2003	47.7%	34.4%
2002	47.8%	34.8%
2001	47.8%	35.2%
2000	47.7%	35.6%
1999	47.6%	35.9%
1998	47.4%	36.3%
1997	47.1%	36.7%
1996	46.9%	37%
1995	46.7%	37.3%
1994	46.5%	37.6%
1993	46.4%	37.9%
1992	46.2%	38.1%
1991	46.2%	38.4%
1990	46.2%	38.6%
1989	46.1%	38.8%
1988	46%	38.9%
1987	46%	39.1%
1986	46%	39.2%
1985	46.1%	39.3%
1984	46.2%	39.4%
1983	46.4%	39.5%
1982	46.5%	39.6%
1981	46.4%	39.7%
1980	46.3%	39.8%
1979	46.2%	40%
1978	46.1%	40.1%
1977	45.9%	40.3%
1976	45.7%	40.5%
1975	45.6%	40.7%
1974	45.4%	40.8%
1973	45.2%	41%
1972	44.9%	41.1%
1971	44.5%	41.2%
1970	44.2%	41.4%
1969	43.8%	41.5%
1968	43.5%	41.5%
1967	43.2%	41.6%
1966	42.9%	41.7%
1965	42.5%	41.7%
1964	42.3%	41.6%
1963	42.2%	41.5%
1962	42.1%	41.2%
1961	42.2%	40.9%
1960	42.2%	40.6%

Children aged 0-14 make up 39.1% of the population in Ethiopia and 24.6% in India in 2024, compared to 46.2% and 38.6% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Ethiopia and India compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Ethiopia vs India

Chart Table

Ethiopia

India

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Ethiopia	India
2023	195	80
2022	207	90
2021	250	155
2020	244	101
2019	269	101
2018	297	107
2017	327	113
2016	364	121
2015	401	129
2014	444	137
2013	494	148
2012	545	160
2011	588	173
2010	619	188
2009	649	205
2008	678	223
2007	704	240
2006	729	258
2005	754	277
2004	764	296
2003	797	313
2002	826	330
2001	856	349
2000	870	362
1999	901	378
1998	911	393
1997	957	407
1996	1,008	422
1995	1,060	437
1994	1,113	451
1993	1,168	467
1992	1,218	482
1991	1,239	498
1990	1,320	516
1989	1,296	538
1988	1,306	562
1987	1,289	592
1986	1,317	624
1985	1,329	658

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 195 deaths per 100,000 live births in Ethiopia, compared to 80 deaths in India.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Ethiopia

India

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Ethiopia	India
2023	4.65%	2.77%
2022	4.82%	2.91%
2021	5%	3.06%
2020	5.2%	3.24%
2019	5.41%	3.43%
2018	5.64%	3.64%
2017	5.89%	3.87%
2016	6.17%	4.11%
2015	6.49%	4.36%
2014	6.82%	4.63%
2013	7.16%	4.91%
2012	7.53%	5.2%
2011	7.91%	5.5%
2010	8.32%	5.82%
2009	8.76%	6.14%
2008	9.23%	6.46%
2007	9.74%	6.79%
2006	10.3%	7.11%
2005	10.9%	7.44%
2004	11.5%	7.77%
2003	12.1%	8.11%
2002	12.8%	8.45%
2001	13.4%	8.8%
2000	14%	9.16%
1999	14.7%	9.53%
1998	15.3%	9.89%
1997	15.9%	10.3%
1996	16.6%	10.6%
1995	17.2%	11%
1994	17.9%	11.3%
1993	18.5%	11.6%
1992	19.1%	12%
1991	19.7%	12.3%
1990	20.2%	12.7%
1989	20.6%	13%
1988	21%	13.4%
1987	21.5%	13.8%
1986	29.7%	14.2%
1985	30.3%	14.6%
1984	31.4%	15%
1983	32%	15.5%
1982	23.5%	15.9%
1981	23.8%	16.4%
1980	24%	16.9%
1979	24.2%	17.5%
1978	24.4%	18%
1977	24.5%	18.6%
1976	24.5%	19.1%
1975	28.2%	19.6%
1974	28.3%	20.1%
1973	24.6%	20.5%
1972	24.7%	20.8%
1971	24.7%	21.2%
1970	24.7%	21.5%
1969	24.8%	21.7%
1968	24.8%	22%
1967	24.9%	22.2%
1966	27.8%	22.4%
1965	-	22.7%
1964	-	22.9%
1963	-	23.2%
1962	-	23.5%
1961	-	23.8%
1960	-	24.1%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4.65% in Ethiopia and 2.77% in India. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.