Fertility & birth rates in Ethiopia and India

Fertility rate in Ethiopia vs India chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Ethiopia was 3.99 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.98 in India in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Ethiopia vs India population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Ethiopia	India
1960	6.51	5.92
1961	6.53	5.94
1962	6.56	5.95
1963	6.59	5.97
1964	6.61	5.98
1965	6.63	5.94
1966	6.66	5.88
1967	6.68	5.83
1968	6.7	5.76
1969	6.72	5.68
1970	6.78	5.62
1971	6.84	5.57
1972	6.9	5.48
1973	6.96	5.4
1974	7.02	5.33
1975	7.08	5.2
1976	7.13	5.13
1977	7.19	5.01
1978	7.23	4.89
1979	7.25	4.81
1980	7.29	4.78
1981	7.31	4.7
1982	7.34	4.62
1983	7.35	4.57
1984	7.36	4.52
1985	7.34	4.43
1986	7.32	4.4
1987	7.29	4.31
1988	7.26	4.22
1989	7.23	4.13
1990	7.2	4.05
1991	7.16	3.96
1992	7.13	3.88
1993	7.09	3.8
1994	7.05	3.72
1995	7	3.65
1996	6.93	3.58
1997	6.87	3.51
1998	6.79	3.45
1999	6.72	3.38
2000	6.65	3.35
2001	6.58	3.3
2002	6.5	3.22
2003	6.4	3.12
2004	6.3	3.05
2005	6.19	2.96
2006	6.05	2.87
2007	5.89	2.78
2008	5.7	2.71
2009	5.49	2.67
2010	5.28	2.6
2011	5.08	2.53
2012	4.89	2.47
2013	4.71	2.4
2014	4.61	2.29
2015	4.53	2.29
2016	4.47	2.28
2017	4.4	2.19
2018	4.37	2.18
2019	4.35	2.12
2020	4.27	2.05
2021	4.18	2.01
2022	4.08	1.99
2023	3.99	1.98
2024	3.91	1.96
2025	3.81	1.94
2026	3.72	1.93
2027	3.64	1.91
2028	3.57	1.9
2029	3.5	1.89
2030	3.43	1.88
2031	3.36	1.87
2032	3.3	1.86
2033	3.24	1.85
2034	3.19	1.84
2035	3.14	1.84
2036	3.08	1.83
2037	3.03	1.82
2038	2.99	1.81
2039	2.94	1.81
2040	2.9	1.8
2041	2.86	1.8
2042	2.83	1.79
2043	2.79	1.79
2044	2.75	1.78
2045	2.72	1.78
2046	2.68	1.78
2047	2.65	1.77
2048	2.62	1.77
2049	2.59	1.77
2050	2.55	1.76

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Ethiopia	India
1960	42.2%	40.6%
1961	42.2%	40.9%
1962	42.1%	41.2%
1963	42.2%	41.5%
1964	42.3%	41.6%
1965	42.5%	41.7%
1966	42.9%	41.7%
1967	43.2%	41.6%
1968	43.5%	41.5%
1969	43.8%	41.5%
1970	44.2%	41.4%
1971	44.5%	41.2%
1972	44.9%	41.1%
1973	45.2%	41%
1974	45.4%	40.8%
1975	45.6%	40.7%
1976	45.7%	40.5%
1977	45.9%	40.3%
1978	46.1%	40.1%
1979	46.2%	40%
1980	46.3%	39.8%
1981	46.4%	39.7%
1982	46.5%	39.6%
1983	46.4%	39.5%
1984	46.2%	39.4%
1985	46.1%	39.3%
1986	46%	39.2%
1987	46%	39.1%
1988	46%	38.9%
1989	46.1%	38.8%
1990	46.2%	38.6%
1991	46.2%	38.4%
1992	46.2%	38.1%
1993	46.4%	37.9%
1994	46.5%	37.6%
1995	46.7%	37.3%
1996	46.9%	37%
1997	47.1%	36.7%
1998	47.4%	36.3%
1999	47.6%	35.9%
2000	47.7%	35.6%
2001	47.8%	35.2%
2002	47.8%	34.8%
2003	47.7%	34.4%
2004	47.6%	34%
2005	47.4%	33.6%
2006	47.2%	33.1%
2007	46.9%	32.7%
2008	46.6%	32.2%
2009	46.2%	31.8%
2010	45.7%	31.3%
2011	45.2%	30.9%
2012	44.6%	30.4%
2013	44%	29.9%
2014	43.4%	29.4%
2015	42.9%	28.9%
2016	42.3%	28.4%
2017	41.8%	27.8%
2018	41.3%	27.3%
2019	40.9%	26.8%
2020	40.5%	26.3%
2021	40.1%	25.9%
2022	39.7%	25.5%
2023	39.4%	25.1%
2024	39.1%	24.6%
2025	38.8%	24.2%
2026	38.5%	23.8%
2027	38.3%	23.4%
2028	38.1%	23%
2029	37.8%	22.7%
2030	37.6%	22.4%
2031	37.3%	22.1%
2032	37%	21.8%
2033	36.6%	21.5%
2034	36.2%	21.3%
2035	35.8%	21%
2036	35.4%	20.8%
2037	34.9%	20.6%
2038	34.5%	20.4%
2039	34%	20.2%
2040	33.6%	19.9%
2041	33.2%	19.7%
2042	32.8%	19.5%
2043	32.4%	19.3%
2044	32%	19.1%
2045	31.7%	18.8%
2046	31.3%	18.6%
2047	31%	18.4%
2048	30.7%	18.2%
2049	30.3%	18%
2050	30%	17.8%

Children aged 0-14 make up 39.1% of the population in Ethiopia and 24.6% in India in 2024, compared to 46.2% and 38.6% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Ethiopia and India compared.

Natural population change in Ethiopia vs India by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +2.64% in Ethiopia and +1.06% in India. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Ethiopia	India
1960	511,694	10,237,489
1961	538,518	10,468,816
1962	563,650	10,743,409
1963	590,998	11,016,705
1964	618,667	11,285,378
1965	642,359	10,925,714
1966	616,281	11,089,894
1967	695,283	11,279,897
1968	715,602	12,006,807
1969	736,428	12,167,671
1970	760,821	12,417,866
1971	787,047	12,787,104
1972	779,808	13,041,792
1973	807,535	13,412,707
1974	777,306	13,795,836
1975	801,425	13,958,642
1976	899,577	14,435,504
1977	929,381	14,575,662
1978	943,388	14,898,145
1979	987,203	15,392,957
1980	1,007,516	16,018,786
1981	1,018,838	16,422,159
1982	1,080,853	16,790,507
1983	863,472	17,219,127
1984	920,670	17,698,810
1985	997,050	17,968,697
1986	1,050,277	18,455,495
1987	1,356,853	18,496,213
1988	1,393,356	18,702,916
1989	1,441,769	18,848,915
1990	1,479,663	18,893,588
1991	1,579,416	19,049,524
1992	1,673,839	19,132,757
1993	1,734,851	19,152,399
1994	1,788,133	19,310,798
1995	1,831,068	19,396,161
1996	1,896,364	19,442,699
1997	1,945,112	19,494,098
1998	1,984,989	19,569,575
1999	2,010,987	19,648,424
2000	2,083,622	19,984,160
2001	2,137,791	20,182,573
2002	2,189,683	20,024,621
2003	2,231,223	19,720,507
2004	2,296,999	19,469,758
2005	2,353,375	19,034,839
2006	2,393,585	18,641,737
2007	2,436,753	18,331,648
2008	2,465,283	18,234,926
2009	2,467,118	18,286,055
2010	2,498,048	17,991,935
2011	2,527,811	17,793,362
2012	2,533,398	17,552,365
2013	2,546,020	17,107,541
2014	2,623,647	16,165,943
2015	2,713,529	16,211,195
2016	2,809,889	16,202,593
2017	2,899,143	15,394,041
2018	3,015,231	15,451,168
2019	3,132,780	14,859,846
2020	3,199,718	13,366,946
2021	3,204,673	10,227,523
2022	3,300,114	13,912,130
2023	3,338,649	13,711,993

Maternal mortality chart: Ethiopia vs India

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 195 deaths per 100,000 live births in Ethiopia, compared to 80 deaths in India.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Ethiopia	India
1985	1,329	658
1986	1,317	624
1987	1,289	592
1988	1,306	562
1989	1,296	538
1990	1,320	516
1991	1,239	498
1992	1,218	482
1993	1,168	467
1994	1,113	451
1995	1,060	437
1996	1,008	422
1997	957	407
1998	911	393
1999	901	378
2000	870	362
2001	856	349
2002	826	330
2003	797	313
2004	764	296
2005	754	277
2006	729	258
2007	704	240
2008	678	223
2009	649	205
2010	619	188
2011	588	173
2012	545	160
2013	494	148
2014	444	137
2015	401	129
2016	364	121
2017	327	113
2018	297	107
2019	269	101
2020	244	101
2021	250	155
2022	207	90
2023	195	80

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4.65% in Ethiopia and 2.77% in India. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Ethiopia	India
1960	-	24.1%
1961	-	23.8%
1962	-	23.5%
1963	-	23.2%
1964	-	22.9%
1965	-	22.7%
1966	27.8%	22.4%
1967	24.9%	22.2%
1968	24.8%	22%
1969	24.8%	21.7%
1970	24.7%	21.5%
1971	24.7%	21.2%
1972	24.7%	20.8%
1973	24.6%	20.5%
1974	28.3%	20.1%
1975	28.2%	19.6%
1976	24.5%	19.1%
1977	24.5%	18.6%
1978	24.4%	18%
1979	24.2%	17.5%
1980	24%	16.9%
1981	23.8%	16.4%
1982	23.5%	15.9%
1983	32%	15.5%
1984	31.4%	15%
1985	30.3%	14.6%
1986	29.7%	14.2%
1987	21.5%	13.8%
1988	21%	13.4%
1989	20.6%	13%
1990	20.2%	12.7%
1991	19.7%	12.3%
1992	19.1%	12%
1993	18.5%	11.6%
1994	17.9%	11.3%
1995	17.2%	11%
1996	16.6%	10.6%
1997	15.9%	10.3%
1998	15.3%	9.89%
1999	14.7%	9.53%
2000	14%	9.16%
2001	13.4%	8.8%
2002	12.8%	8.45%
2003	12.1%	8.11%
2004	11.5%	7.77%
2005	10.9%	7.44%
2006	10.3%	7.11%
2007	9.74%	6.79%
2008	9.23%	6.46%
2009	8.76%	6.14%
2010	8.32%	5.82%
2011	7.91%	5.5%
2012	7.53%	5.2%
2013	7.16%	4.91%
2014	6.82%	4.63%
2015	6.49%	4.36%
2016	6.17%	4.11%
2017	5.89%	3.87%
2018	5.64%	3.64%
2019	5.41%	3.43%
2020	5.2%	3.24%
2021	5%	3.06%
2022	4.82%	2.91%
2023	4.65%	2.77%