Skip to content

Fertility & birth rates in India and Kenya

Updated on by Georank team

India has an annual birth rate of 16.1 births per 1,000 people, compared to 27.1 for Kenya. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 1.98 in India and 3.21 in Kenya — 62.4% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -66.6% in India and by -58.1% in Kenya — in 1960, it was 5.92 and 7.65, respectively.

Birth rates facts compared:

  • India is ranked 93/196 by birth rate compared to 43/196 for Kenya.
  • The mean age for first-time mothers is 21.2 years in India, compared to 20.3 years in Kenya.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 27.7 in India — it's 28.2 in Kenya.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 14.1 in India vs 56.3 in Kenya.
  • In India, 26.3% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 26.4% in Kenya.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +0.95% in India and +1.99% in Kenya.

Birth rate data compared

India Kenya
Fertility rate 1.98 3.21
Birth rate 16.1 27.1
Birth rate rank 93/196 43/196
Age at first childbirth 21.2 years 20.3 years
Average age at childbearing 27.7 years 28.2 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 12 52.8
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 131.1 167.9
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 17.9 46.7
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 26.3% 26.4%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 56.4% 56.9%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 89.4% 70.2%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.08% 0.15%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 1.73% 2.15%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 2.45% 3.47%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 2.77% 3.99%
Population change due to births and deaths +13,711,993 +1,100,970
Natural population change rank 1/196 18/196
Natural population change rate +0.95% +1.99%
Population growth +0.89% +1.98%
Population growth rank 109/197 55/197
Life expectancy 72.5 years 64 years

Fertility rate in India vs Kenya chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in India was 1.98 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.21 in Kenya in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check India vs Kenya population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

India
Factual

UN forecast
Kenya
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
India Kenya
1960 5.92 7.65
1961 5.94 7.72
1962 5.95 7.77
1963 5.97 7.82
1964 5.98 7.87
1965 5.94 7.92
1966 5.88 7.96
1967 5.83 7.95
1968 5.76 7.95
1969 5.68 7.95
1970 5.62 7.94
1971 5.57 7.92
1972 5.48 7.89
1973 5.4 7.86
1974 5.33 7.82
1975 5.2 7.8
1976 5.13 7.77
1977 5.01 7.73
1978 4.89 7.67
1979 4.81 7.6
1980 4.78 7.53
1981 4.7 7.45
1982 4.62 7.35
1983 4.57 7.22
1984 4.52 7.08
1985 4.43 6.96
1986 4.4 6.84
1987 4.31 6.69
1988 4.22 6.52
1989 4.13 6.33
1990 4.05 6.14
1991 3.96 5.94
1992 3.88 5.74
1993 3.8 5.57
1994 3.72 5.44
1995 3.65 5.37
1996 3.58 5.31
1997 3.51 5.27
1998 3.45 5.24
1999 3.38 5.18
2000 3.35 5.14
2001 3.3 5.09
2002 3.22 5.03
2003 3.12 4.94
2004 3.05 4.86
2005 2.96 4.8
2006 2.87 4.75
2007 2.78 4.72
2008 2.71 4.66
2009 2.67 4.57
2010 2.6 4.45
2011 2.53 4.28
2012 2.47 4.12
2013 2.4 3.96
2014 2.29 3.84
2015 2.29 3.77
2016 2.28 3.69
2017 2.19 3.61
2018 2.18 3.54
2019 2.12 3.43
2020 2.05 3.36
2021 2.01 3.31
2022 1.99 3.26
2023 1.98 3.21
2024 1.96 3.17
2025 1.94 3.12
2026 1.93 3.07
2027 1.91 3.03
2028 1.9 2.99
2029 1.89 2.95
2030 1.88 2.92
2031 1.87 2.89
2032 1.86 2.85
2033 1.85 2.82
2034 1.84 2.78
2035 1.84 2.75
2036 1.83 2.72
2037 1.82 2.69
2038 1.81 2.66
2039 1.81 2.63
2040 1.8 2.61
2041 1.8 2.58
2042 1.79 2.55
2043 1.79 2.53
2044 1.78 2.5
2045 1.78 2.47
2046 1.78 2.44
2047 1.77 2.42
2048 1.77 2.4
2049 1.77 2.38
2050 1.76 2.36

Children 0-14 years as share of population

India
Factual

UN forecast
Kenya
Factual

UN forecast
Year Share of people 0-14 years old
India Kenya
1960 40.6% 48.7%
1961 40.9% 49.1%
1962 41.2% 49.4%
1963 41.5% 49.7%
1964 41.6% 49.8%
1965 41.7% 50.2%
1966 41.7% 50.6%
1967 41.6% 50.9%
1968 41.5% 51.2%
1969 41.5% 51.4%
1970 41.4% 51.6%
1971 41.2% 51.7%
1972 41.1% 51.9%
1973 41% 52%
1974 40.8% 52%
1975 40.7% 52%
1976 40.5% 52.1%
1977 40.3% 52%
1978 40.1% 51.9%
1979 40% 51.7%
1980 39.8% 51.5%
1981 39.7% 51.3%
1982 39.6% 51.1%
1983 39.5% 50.8%
1984 39.4% 50.6%
1985 39.3% 50.3%
1986 39.2% 50.1%
1987 39.1% 49.9%
1988 38.9% 49.7%
1989 38.8% 49.5%
1990 38.6% 49.2%
1991 38.4% 48.9%
1992 38.1% 48.7%
1993 37.9% 48.4%
1994 37.6% 48%
1995 37.3% 47.7%
1996 37% 47.4%
1997 36.7% 47.1%
1998 36.3% 46.8%
1999 35.9% 46.5%
2000 35.6% 46.1%
2001 35.2% 45.7%
2002 34.8% 45.3%
2003 34.4% 45%
2004 34% 44.6%
2005 33.6% 44.4%
2006 33.1% 44.2%
2007 32.7% 44%
2008 32.2% 43.9%
2009 31.8% 43.8%
2010 31.3% 43.6%
2011 30.9% 43.4%
2012 30.4% 43.2%
2013 29.9% 42.8%
2014 29.4% 42.4%
2015 28.9% 42%
2016 28.4% 41.5%
2017 27.8% 41%
2018 27.3% 40.5%
2019 26.8% 39.9%
2020 26.3% 39.3%
2021 25.9% 38.7%
2022 25.5% 38.1%
2023 25.1% 37.4%
2024 24.6% 36.8%
2025 24.2% 36.3%
2026 23.8% 35.7%
2027 23.4% 35.3%
2028 23% 34.9%
2029 22.7% 34.5%
2030 22.4% 34.2%
2031 22.1% 33.9%
2032 21.8% 33.6%
2033 21.5% 33.4%
2034 21.3% 33.2%
2035 21% 32.9%
2036 20.8% 32.7%
2037 20.6% 32.5%
2038 20.4% 32.2%
2039 20.2% 32%
2040 19.9% 31.7%
2041 19.7% 31.4%
2042 19.5% 31%
2043 19.3% 30.7%
2044 19.1% 30.4%
2045 18.8% 30%
2046 18.6% 29.7%
2047 18.4% 29.3%
2048 18.2% 28.9%
2049 18% 28.5%
2050 17.8% 28.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 24.6% of the population in India and 36.8% in Kenya in 2024, compared to 38.6% and 49.2% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of India and Kenya compared.

Natural population change in India vs Kenya by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.06% in India and +2.16% in Kenya. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

India
Kenya

Natural population change

Year Population change due to births and deaths
India Kenya
1960 10,237,489 280,032
1961 10,468,816 298,463
1962 10,743,409 315,797
1963 11,016,705 332,763
1964 11,285,378 349,322
1965 10,925,714 366,444
1966 11,089,894 382,891
1967 11,279,897 396,920
1968 12,006,807 411,948
1969 12,167,671 427,819
1970 12,417,866 443,065
1971 12,787,104 459,897
1972 13,041,792 472,557
1973 13,412,707 485,556
1974 13,795,836 500,008
1975 13,958,642 517,579
1976 14,435,504 536,740
1977 14,575,662 554,124
1978 14,898,145 574,695
1979 15,392,957 595,390
1980 16,018,786 616,390
1981 16,422,159 642,379
1982 16,790,507 663,109
1983 17,219,127 684,587
1984 17,698,810 709,639
1985 17,968,697 732,739
1986 18,455,495 755,606
1987 18,496,213 775,124
1988 18,702,916 785,652
1989 18,848,915 795,622
1990 18,893,588 789,087
1991 19,049,524 790,030
1992 19,132,757 785,018
1993 19,152,399 788,579
1994 19,310,798 792,702
1995 19,396,161 812,391
1996 19,442,699 827,326
1997 19,494,098 847,493
1998 19,569,575 875,511
1999 19,648,424 898,484
2000 19,984,160 928,357
2001 20,182,573 963,721
2002 20,024,621 992,044
2003 19,720,507 1,018,182
2004 19,469,758 1,048,590
2005 19,034,839 1,080,446
2006 18,641,737 1,113,357
2007 18,331,648 1,147,063
2008 18,234,926 1,174,818
2009 18,286,055 1,193,598
2010 17,991,935 1,199,786
2011 17,793,362 1,185,863
2012 17,552,365 1,161,548
2013 17,107,541 1,136,006
2014 16,165,943 1,123,333
2015 16,211,195 1,119,200
2016 16,202,593 1,108,801
2017 15,394,041 1,105,769
2018 15,451,168 1,097,075
2019 14,859,846 1,071,777
2020 13,366,946 1,036,253
2021 10,227,523 1,037,082
2022 13,912,130 1,092,102
2023 13,711,993 1,100,970

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart: India vs Kenya

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 80 deaths per 100,000 live births in India, compared to 149 deaths in Kenya.

India
Kenya
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
India Kenya
1985 658 1,375
1986 624 1,059
1987 592 960
1988 562 756
1989 538 663
1990 516 586
1991 498 493
1992 482 419
1993 467 363
1994 451 342
1995 437 308
1996 422 275
1997 407 253
1998 393 250
1999 378 217
2000 362 206
2001 349 188
2002 330 182
2003 313 177
2004 296 177
2005 277 178
2006 258 188
2007 240 198
2008 223 197
2009 205 208
2010 188 210
2011 173 209
2012 160 214
2013 148 206
2014 137 203
2015 129 203
2016 121 196
2017 113 186
2018 107 183
2019 101 176
2020 101 184
2021 155 183
2022 90 155
2023 80 149

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 2.77% in India and 3.99% in Kenya. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

India
Kenya

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
India Kenya
1960 24.1% 19.6%
1961 23.8% 18.8%
1962 23.5% 18.1%
1963 23.2% 17.5%
1964 22.9% 17%
1965 22.7% 16.6%
1966 22.4% 16.3%
1967 22.2% 16%
1968 22% 15.7%
1969 21.7% 15.4%
1970 21.5% 15%
1971 21.2% 14.7%
1972 20.8% 14.3%
1973 20.5% 14%
1974 20.1% 13.5%
1975 19.6% 13.1%
1976 19.1% 12.7%
1977 18.6% 12.2%
1978 18% 11.8%
1979 17.5% 11.4%
1980 16.9% 11%
1981 16.4% 10.6%
1982 15.9% 10.3%
1983 15.5% 9.98%
1984 15% 9.74%
1985 14.6% 9.57%
1986 14.2% 9.49%
1987 13.8% 9.51%
1988 13.4% 9.63%
1989 13% 9.85%
1990 12.7% 10.1%
1991 12.3% 10.5%
1992 12% 10.7%
1993 11.6% 10.9%
1994 11.3% 11%
1995 11% 11%
1996 10.6% 10.9%
1997 10.3% 10.7%
1998 9.89% 10.4%
1999 9.53% 10.1%
2000 9.16% 9.63%
2001 8.8% 9.16%
2002 8.45% 8.66%
2003 8.11% 8.16%
2004 7.77% 7.66%
2005 7.44% 7.15%
2006 7.11% 6.71%
2007 6.79% 6.32%
2008 6.46% 5.82%
2009 6.14% 5.54%
2010 5.82% 5.35%
2011 5.5% 5.22%
2012 5.2% 5.12%
2013 4.91% 5%
2014 4.63% 4.88%
2015 4.36% 4.74%
2016 4.11% 4.6%
2017 3.87% 4.53%
2018 3.64% 4.43%
2019 3.43% 4.33%
2020 3.24% 4.28%
2021 3.06% 4.19%
2022 2.91% 4.11%
2023 2.77% 3.99%

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Birth rate comparisons

Birth rate vs India vs Kenya
Afghanistan Compare Compare
Albania Compare Compare
Algeria Compare Compare
Andorra Compare Compare
Angola Compare Compare
Antigua Compare Compare
Argentina Compare Compare
Armenia Compare Compare
Australia Compare Compare
Austria Compare Compare
Azerbaijan Compare Compare
Bahamas Compare Compare
Bahrain Compare Compare
Bangladesh Compare Compare
Barbados Compare Compare
Belarus Compare Compare
Belgium Compare Compare
Belize Compare Compare
Benin Compare Compare
Bhutan Compare Compare
Bolivia Compare Compare
Bosnia Compare Compare
Botswana Compare Compare
Brazil Compare Compare
Brunei Compare Compare
Bulgaria Compare Compare
Burkina Faso Compare Compare
Burundi Compare Compare
Cambodia Compare Compare
Cameroon Compare Compare
Canada Compare Compare
Cape Verde Compare Compare
Cayman Islands Compare Compare
CAR Compare Compare
Chad Compare Compare
Chile Compare Compare
China Compare Compare
Colombia Compare Compare
Comoros Compare Compare
Congo Compare Compare
Costa Rica Compare Compare
Croatia Compare Compare
Cuba Compare Compare
Curacao Compare Compare
Cyprus Compare Compare
Czech Republic Compare Compare
DR Congo Compare Compare
Denmark Compare Compare
Djibouti Compare Compare
Dominica Compare Compare
Dominican Republic Compare Compare
East Timor Compare Compare
Ecuador Compare Compare
Egypt Compare Compare
El Salvador Compare Compare
Equatorial Guinea Compare Compare
Eritrea Compare Compare
Estonia Compare Compare
Eswatini Compare Compare
Ethiopia Compare Compare
Fiji Compare Compare
Finland Compare Compare
France Compare Compare
Gabon Compare Compare
Gambia Compare Compare
Georgia Compare Compare
Germany Compare Compare
Ghana Compare Compare
Greece Compare Compare
Grenada Compare Compare
Guatemala Compare Compare
Guinea Compare Compare
Guinea-Bissau Compare Compare
Guyana Compare Compare
Haiti Compare Compare
Honduras Compare Compare
Hungary Compare Compare
Iceland Compare Compare
Indonesia Compare Compare
Iran Compare Compare
Iraq Compare Compare
Ireland Compare Compare
Israel Compare Compare
Italy Compare Compare
Ivory Coast Compare Compare
Jamaica Compare Compare
Japan Compare Compare
Jordan Compare Compare
Kazakhstan Compare Compare
Kiribati Compare Compare
Kuwait Compare Compare
Kyrgyzstan Compare Compare
Laos Compare Compare
Latvia Compare Compare
Lebanon Compare Compare
Lesotho Compare Compare
Liberia Compare Compare
Libya Compare Compare
Liechtenstein Compare Compare
Lithuania Compare Compare
Luxembourg Compare Compare
Madagascar Compare Compare
Malawi Compare Compare
Malaysia Compare Compare
Maldives Compare Compare
Mali Compare Compare
Malta Compare Compare
Marshall Islands Compare Compare
Mauritania Compare Compare
Mauritius Compare Compare
Mexico Compare Compare
Moldova Compare Compare
Monaco Compare Compare
Mongolia Compare Compare
Montenegro Compare Compare
Morocco Compare Compare
Mozambique Compare Compare
Myanmar Compare Compare
Namibia Compare Compare
Nauru Compare Compare
Nepal Compare Compare
Netherlands Compare Compare
New Zealand Compare Compare
Nicaragua Compare Compare
Niger Compare Compare
Nigeria Compare Compare
North Korea Compare Compare
North Macedonia Compare Compare
Norway Compare Compare
Oman Compare Compare
Pakistan Compare Compare
Palau Compare Compare
Palestine Compare Compare
Panama Compare Compare
Papua New Guinea Compare Compare
Paraguay Compare Compare
Peru Compare Compare
Philippines Compare Compare
Poland Compare Compare
Portugal Compare Compare
Qatar Compare Compare
Romania Compare Compare
Russia Compare Compare
Rwanda Compare Compare
Saint Kitts Compare Compare
Saint Lucia Compare Compare
Saint Vincent Compare Compare
Samoa Compare Compare
San Marino Compare Compare
Sao Tome Compare Compare
Saudi Arabia Compare Compare
Senegal Compare Compare
Serbia Compare Compare
Seychelles Compare Compare
Sierra Leone Compare Compare
Singapore Compare Compare
Slovakia Compare Compare
Slovenia Compare Compare
Solomon Islands Compare Compare
Somalia Compare Compare
South Africa Compare Compare
South Korea Compare Compare
South Sudan Compare Compare
Spain Compare Compare
Sri Lanka Compare Compare
Sudan Compare Compare
Suriname Compare Compare
Sweden Compare Compare
Switzerland Compare Compare
Syria Compare Compare
Taiwan Compare Compare
Tajikistan Compare Compare
Tanzania Compare Compare
Thailand Compare Compare
Togo Compare Compare
Tonga Compare Compare
Trinidad Compare Compare
Tunisia Compare Compare
Turkey Compare Compare
Turkmenistan Compare Compare
Tuvalu Compare Compare
Uganda Compare Compare
Ukraine Compare Compare
UAE Compare Compare
United Kingdom Compare Compare
United States Compare Compare
Uruguay Compare Compare
Uzbekistan Compare Compare
Vanuatu Compare Compare
Venezuela Compare Compare
Vietnam Compare Compare
Yemen Compare Compare
Zambia Compare Compare
Zimbabwe Compare Compare