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Fertility & birth rates in Latvia and Spain

Updated on by Georank team

Latvia has an annual birth rate of 7.7 births per 1,000 people, compared to 6.7 for Spain. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 1.36 in Latvia and 1.12 in Spain — 17.6% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -29.9% in Latvia and by -60.8% in Spain — in 1960, it was 1.94 and 2.86, respectively.

Birth rates facts compared:

  • Latvia is ranked 181/196 by birth rate compared to 189/196 for Spain.
  • The mean age for first-time mothers is 28 years in Latvia, compared to 31.5 years in Spain.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 30.5 in Latvia — it's 32.5 in Spain.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 7.57 in Latvia vs 4.81 in Spain.
  • In Latvia, 20.7% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 21.3% in Spain.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.72% in Latvia and -0.23% in Spain.

Birth rate data compared

Latvia Spain
Fertility rate 1.36 1.12
Birth rate 7.7 6.7
Birth rate rank 181/196 189/196
Age at first childbirth 28 years 31.5 years
Average age at childbearing 30.5 years 32.5 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 7.13 4.92
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 60.1 34.4
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 11.5 13.5
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 20.7% 21.3%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 55.6% 59.9%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 99.9% 99.9%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.02% 0.003%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 0.15% 0.17%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 0.25% 0.26%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 0.3% 0.31%
Population change due to births and deaths -13,517 -111,201
Natural population change rank 172/196 189/196
Natural population change rate -0.72% -0.23%
Population growth -0.8% +0.95%
Population growth rank 190/197 108/197
Life expectancy 76.5 years 84 years

Fertility rate in Latvia vs Spain chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Latvia was 1.36 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.12 in Spain in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Latvia vs Spain population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Latvia
Factual

UN forecast
Spain
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
Latvia Spain
1960 1.94 2.86
1961 1.94 2.77
1962 1.91 2.8
1963 1.85 2.88
1964 1.79 3.01
1965 1.74 2.94
1966 1.76 2.91
1967 1.8 2.94
1968 1.83 2.87
1969 1.88 2.86
1970 1.96 2.84
1971 2 2.9
1972 2 2.87
1973 1.98 2.84
1974 1.97 2.88
1975 1.96 2.77
1976 1.93 2.77
1977 1.89 2.65
1978 1.87 2.54
1979 1.87 2.37
1980 1.86 2.22
1981 1.88 2.04
1982 1.97 1.94
1983 2.07 1.8
1984 2.09 1.73
1985 2.08 1.64
1986 2.12 1.56
1987 2.15 1.49
1988 2.11 1.45
1989 2.05 1.4
1990 2.02 1.36
1991 1.86 1.33
1992 1.73 1.31
1993 1.51 1.26
1994 1.39 1.19
1995 1.25 1.16
1996 1.16 1.14
1997 1.11 1.15
1998 1.09 1.13
1999 1.16 1.17
2000 1.25 1.22
2001 1.22 1.23
2002 1.26 1.25
2003 1.32 1.3
2004 1.29 1.31
2005 1.39 1.33
2006 1.46 1.36
2007 1.54 1.38
2008 1.58 1.45
2009 1.46 1.38
2010 1.36 1.37
2011 1.33 1.34
2012 1.44 1.32
2013 1.52 1.27
2014 1.65 1.32
2015 1.7 1.33
2016 1.74 1.33
2017 1.69 1.31
2018 1.6 1.26
2019 1.61 1.23
2020 1.55 1.18
2021 1.57 1.18
2022 1.47 1.16
2023 1.36 1.12
2024 1.36 1.13
2025 1.37 1.14
2026 1.38 1.14
2027 1.38 1.15
2028 1.39 1.16
2029 1.39 1.16
2030 1.4 1.17
2031 1.4 1.17
2032 1.41 1.18
2033 1.41 1.18
2034 1.41 1.19
2035 1.42 1.19
2036 1.42 1.2
2037 1.42 1.2
2038 1.43 1.2
2039 1.43 1.21
2040 1.43 1.21
2041 1.44 1.22
2042 1.44 1.23
2043 1.44 1.23
2044 1.45 1.24
2045 1.45 1.24
2046 1.45 1.24
2047 1.46 1.25
2048 1.46 1.25
2049 1.46 1.25
2050 1.47 1.26

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Latvia
Factual

UN forecast
Spain
Factual

UN forecast
Year Share of people 0-14 years old
Latvia Spain
1960 22.2% 27.4%
1961 22.4% 27.4%
1962 22.6% 27.4%
1963 22.5% 27.4%
1964 22.4% 27.4%
1965 22.2% 27.5%
1966 22% 27.6%
1967 21.8% 27.7%
1968 21.7% 27.8%
1969 21.6% 27.8%
1970 21.6% 27.9%
1971 21.5% 27.8%
1972 21.5% 27.8%
1973 21.3% 27.7%
1974 21.2% 27.5%
1975 21% 27.3%
1976 20.8% 27.2%
1977 20.6% 27%
1978 20.5% 26.8%
1979 20.4% 26.4%
1980 20.5% 26%
1981 20.6% 25.5%
1982 20.8% 24.9%
1983 20.9% 24.4%
1984 21.1% 23.8%
1985 21.2% 23.2%
1986 21.3% 22.5%
1987 21.3% 21.9%
1988 21.4% 21.2%
1989 21.4% 20.5%
1990 21.5% 19.8%
1991 21.5% 19.1%
1992 21.4% 18.4%
1993 21.2% 17.8%
1994 21% 17.2%
1995 20.7% 16.6%
1996 20.2% 16.1%
1997 19.7% 15.7%
1998 19% 15.3%
1999 18.3% 15%
2000 17.7% 14.8%
2001 17% 14.7%
2002 16.4% 14.6%
2003 15.8% 14.5%
2004 15.2% 14.5%
2005 14.7% 14.5%
2006 14.4% 14.5%
2007 14.1% 14.6%
2008 14% 14.7%
2009 14.1% 14.8%
2010 14.2% 14.9%
2011 14.2% 15%
2012 14.4% 15.1%
2013 14.6% 15.1%
2014 14.8% 15.1%
2015 15.1% 15%
2016 15.4% 14.9%
2017 15.7% 14.8%
2018 15.8% 14.7%
2019 15.9% 14.4%
2020 16% 14.2%
2021 16% 13.9%
2022 15.9% 13.6%
2023 15.7% 13.3%
2024 15.4% 12.9%
2025 15.2% 12.6%
2026 15% 12.3%
2027 14.8% 12.1%
2028 14.5% 11.8%
2029 14.1% 11.6%
2030 13.7% 11.4%
2031 13.2% 11.2%
2032 12.8% 11%
2033 12.4% 10.9%
2034 12.2% 10.8%
2035 11.9% 10.7%
2036 11.7% 10.7%
2037 11.6% 10.7%
2038 11.6% 10.8%
2039 11.6% 10.8%
2040 11.7% 10.8%
2041 11.7% 10.9%
2042 11.8% 11%
2043 12% 11%
2044 12.1% 11.1%
2045 12.2% 11.2%
2046 12.4% 11.3%
2047 12.5% 11.3%
2048 12.6% 11.4%
2049 12.7% 11.5%
2050 12.8% 11.5%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.4% of the population in Latvia and 12.9% in Spain in 2024, compared to 21.5% and 19.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Latvia and Spain compared.

Natural population change in Latvia vs Spain by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been -0.54% in Latvia and -0.13% in Spain. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Latvia
Spain

Natural population change

Year Population change due to births and deaths
Latvia Spain
1960 14,211 398,960
1961 14,207 396,537
1962 11,562 384,690
1963 11,055 394,338
1964 12,100 429,885
1965 8,384 405,819
1966 8,677 397,084
1967 7,825 402,001
1968 7,668 387,423
1969 6,561 367,851
1970 7,785 378,723
1971 8,793 369,625
1972 7,666 391,030
1973 6,040 374,381
1974 6,824 396,182
1975 4,913 371,882
1976 4,200 375,834
1977 3,480 361,465
1978 2,997 339,157
1979 2,506 312,407
1980 3,265 281,184
1981 3,779 237,879
1982 6,327 231,714
1983 8,147 183,223
1984 7,430 172,487
1985 5,673 146,184
1986 10,660 131,188
1987 9,981 116,054
1988 9,022 100,794
1989 6,401 81,538
1990 2,929 66,075
1991 0 58,450
1992 -3,660 62,652
1993 -12,560 47,234
1994 -17,645 31,639
1995 -17,396 15,889
1996 -14,498 11,967
1997 -14,841 20,028
1998 -15,906 4,022
1999 -13,387 8,077
2000 -11,838 36,512
2001 -13,322 44,936
2002 -12,475 53,861
2003 -11,439 54,844
2004 -11,542 85,844
2005 -10,746 78,576
2006 -10,204 110,994
2007 -9,021 108,545
2008 -6,531 133,267
2009 -7,924 106,635
2010 -10,278 102,469
2011 -9,886 84,137
2012 -9,154 51,450
2013 -8,252 37,284
2014 -6,779 32,522
2015 -6,526 -4,642
2016 -6,663 0
2017 -7,963 -32,600
2018 -9,636 -56,139
2019 -8,995 -56,542
2020 -11,402 -151,551
2021 -17,337 -113,865
2022 -14,847 -133,801
2023 -13,517 -111,201

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart: Latvia vs Spain

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 19 deaths per 100,000 live births in Latvia, compared to 3 deaths in Spain.

Latvia
Spain
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
Latvia Spain
1985 51 6
1986 43 7
1987 44 7
1988 42 7
1989 46 7
1990 47 6
1991 46 6
1992 48 6
1993 57 6
1994 65 6
1995 59 6
1996 45 6
1997 41 5
1998 40 5
1999 40 5
2000 34 5
2001 32 5
2002 29 5
2003 30 4
2004 28 5
2005 27 5
2006 28 4
2007 27 4
2008 25 4
2009 24 4
2010 22 4
2011 22 4
2012 20 4
2013 24 4
2014 22 4
2015 22 4
2016 23 3
2017 23 3
2018 23 3
2019 22 3
2020 21 4
2021 42 4
2022 29 4
2023 19 3

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.3% in Latvia and 0.31% in Spain. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Latvia
Spain

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
Latvia Spain
1960 - 5.47%
1961 - 5.2%
1962 - 4.94%
1963 - 4.68%
1964 - 4.45%
1965 - 4.23%
1966 - 4.03%
1967 - 3.83%
1968 - 3.61%
1969 - 3.39%
1970 - 3.16%
1971 - 2.94%
1972 - 2.72%
1973 - 2.52%
1974 - 2.33%
1975 - 2.17%
1976 - 2.02%
1977 - 1.87%
1978 - 1.74%
1979 2.08% 1.61%
1980 2.07% 1.49%
1981 2.06% 1.38%
1982 2.03% 1.3%
1983 1.96% 1.23%
1984 1.87% 1.17%
1985 1.75% 1.11%
1986 1.64% 1.07%
1987 1.55% 1.03%
1988 1.53% 0.99%
1989 1.58% 0.95%
1990 1.7% 0.92%
1991 1.83% 0.88%
1992 1.93% 0.83%
1993 1.99% 0.79%
1994 2% 0.74%
1995 1.98% 0.69%
1996 1.9% 0.65%
1997 1.79% 0.61%
1998 1.67% 0.58%
1999 1.54% 0.56%
2000 1.42% 0.54%
2001 1.33% 0.53%
2002 1.26% 0.51%
2003 1.19% 0.5%
2004 1.12% 0.49%
2005 1.05% 0.47%
2006 0.99% 0.45%
2007 0.93% 0.44%
2008 0.88% 0.42%
2009 0.83% 0.4%
2010 0.78% 0.38%
2011 0.72% 0.37%
2012 0.66% 0.36%
2013 0.6% 0.35%
2014 0.55% 0.34%
2015 0.51% 0.33%
2016 0.47% 0.33%
2017 0.45% 0.32%
2018 0.42% 0.32%
2019 0.4% 0.32%
2020 0.37% 0.32%
2021 0.35% 0.31%
2022 0.32% 0.31%
2023 0.3% 0.31%

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Birth rate comparisons

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