Fertility & birth rates in Romania and Spain

Fertility rate in Romania vs Spain by year

Chart Table

Romania

Spain

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Romania	Spain
2023	1.71	1.12
2022	1.71	1.16
2021	1.81	1.18
2020	1.8	1.18
2019	1.77	1.23
2018	1.76	1.26
2017	1.78	1.31
2016	1.69	1.33
2015	1.62	1.33
2014	1.56	1.32
2013	1.46	1.27
2012	1.52	1.32
2011	1.47	1.34
2010	1.59	1.37
2009	1.66	1.38
2008	1.6	1.45
2007	1.45	1.38
2006	1.42	1.36
2005	1.4	1.33
2004	1.33	1.31
2003	1.3	1.3
2002	1.27	1.25
2001	1.27	1.23
2000	1.31	1.22
1999	1.3	1.17
1998	1.32	1.13
1997	1.32	1.15
1996	1.3	1.14
1995	1.33	1.16
1994	1.4	1.19
1993	1.43	1.26
1992	1.51	1.31
1991	1.59	1.33
1990	1.83	1.36
1989	2.22	1.4
1988	2.3	1.45
1987	2.38	1.49
1986	2.39	1.56
1985	2.31	1.64
1984	2.26	1.73
1983	2.06	1.8
1982	2.17	1.94
1981	2.36	2.04
1980	2.43	2.22
1979	2.49	2.37
1978	2.52	2.54
1977	2.57	2.65
1976	2.54	2.77
1975	2.59	2.77
1974	2.71	2.88
1973	2.44	2.84
1972	2.55	2.87
1971	2.67	2.9
1970	2.89	2.84
1969	3.19	2.86
1968	3.63	2.87
1967	3.66	2.94
1966	1.9	2.91
1965	1.91	2.94
1964	1.96	3.01
1963	2.01	2.88
1962	2.04	2.8
1961	2.17	2.77
1960	2.34	2.86

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Romania was 1.71 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.12 in Spain in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Romania vs Spain population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Romania

Spain

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Romania	Spain
2023	-89,587	-111,211
2022	-93,338	-133,801
2021	-141,504	-113,865
2020	-100,179	-151,551
2019	-60,053	-56,542
2018	-62,316	-56,139
2017	-50,930	-32,600
2016	-53,196	0
2015	-59,447	-4,642
2014	-55,745	32,522
2013	-59,951	37,284
2012	-54,157	51,450
2011	-56,413	84,137
2010	-46,567	102,469
2009	-34,625	106,635
2008	-30,806	133,267
2007	-37,590	108,545
2006	-38,148	110,994
2005	-40,508	78,576
2004	-42,904	85,844
2003	-56,093	54,844
2002	-58,673	53,861
2001	-37,625	44,936
2000	-22,443	36,512
1999	-31,461	8,077
1998	-33,761	4,022
1997	-42,853	20,028
1996	-56,548	11,967
1995	-36,295	15,889
1994	-18,184	31,639
1993	-13,658	47,234
1992	-4,559	62,652
1991	25,301	58,450
1990	69,605	66,075
1989	122,756	81,538
1988	126,817	100,794
1987	128,517	116,054
1986	134,737	131,188
1985	111,392	146,184
1984	117,731	172,487
1983	87,986	183,223
1982	119,121	231,714
1981	156,472	237,879
1980	168,776	281,184
1979	194,397	312,407
1978	204,148	339,157
1977	215,385	361,465
1976	213,361	375,834
1975	219,324	371,882
1974	235,530	396,182
1973	175,020	374,381
1972	198,316	391,030
1971	206,662	369,625
1970	234,905	378,723
1969	264,120	367,851
1968	338,577	387,423
1967	347,709	402,001
1966	115,293	397,084
1965	114,190	405,819
1964	134,326	429,885
1963	139,104	394,338
1962	130,736	384,690
1961	163,286	396,537
1960	191,431	398,960

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.47% in Romania and -0.23% in Spain.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.4% in Romania and -0.13% in Spain.

Birth rate in Romania vs Spain by year

Chart Table

Romania

Spain

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Romania	Spain
2023	8	6.7
2022	9.4	6.9
2021	10.1	7.1
2020	10.3	7.2
2019	10.3	7.6
2018	10.4	7.9
2017	10.8	8.4
2016	10.4	8.8
2015	10.2	9
2014	10	9.2
2013	9.4	9.1
2012	10	9.7
2011	9.7	10.1
2010	10.5	10.4
2009	10.9	10.6
2008	10.8	11.3
2007	10.3	10.9
2006	10.4	10.8
2005	10.4	10.6
2004	10.1	10.6
2003	9.8	10.4
2002	9.7	10.1
2001	10	9.9
2000	10.4	9.8
1999	10.4	9.4
1998	10.5	9.1
1997	10.5	9.2
1996	10.2	9.1
1995	10.4	9.1
1994	10.9	9.4
1993	11	9.8
1992	11.4	10.1
1991	12	10.2
1990	13.6	10.3
1989	16	10.5
1988	16.5	10.8
1987	16.7	11
1986	16.5	11.4
1985	15.8	11.9
1984	15.5	12.3
1983	14.3	12.7
1982	15.3	13.6
1981	17	14.1
1980	18	15.2
1979	18.6	16.2
1978	19	17.3
1977	19.5	18
1976	19.4	18.7
1975	19.6	18.7
1974	20.3	19.5
1973	18.2	19.2
1972	18.8	19.4
1971	19.6	19.6
1970	21.1	19.5
1969	23.3	19.9
1968	26.6	20.1
1967	27	20.7
1966	14.2	20.7
1965	14.6	21.1
1964	15.2	22
1963	15.7	21.4
1962	16.2	21.1
1961	17.5	21.2
1960	19.1	21.7

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Romania and 6.7 in Spain, compared with 19.1 and 21.7, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Romania

Factual

UN forecast

Spain

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Romania	Spain
2100	12.8%	11.6%
2099	12.8%	11.6%
2098	12.8%	11.7%
2097	12.9%	11.7%
2096	12.9%	11.7%
2095	13%	11.8%
2094	13.1%	11.8%
2093	13.1%	11.9%
2092	13.2%	11.9%
2091	13.2%	11.9%
2090	13.3%	12%
2089	13.4%	12%
2088	13.4%	12%
2087	13.5%	12.1%
2086	13.5%	12.1%
2085	13.5%	12.1%
2084	13.6%	12%
2083	13.6%	12%
2082	13.6%	12%
2081	13.6%	11.9%
2080	13.6%	11.9%
2079	13.6%	11.8%
2078	13.6%	11.7%
2077	13.6%	11.6%
2076	13.6%	11.6%
2075	13.6%	11.5%
2074	13.6%	11.4%
2073	13.6%	11.3%
2072	13.6%	11.2%
2071	13.6%	11.2%
2070	13.6%	11.1%
2069	13.6%	11.1%
2068	13.6%	11%
2067	13.6%	11%
2066	13.7%	11%
2065	13.7%	11%
2064	13.8%	11%
2063	13.8%	11.1%
2062	13.9%	11.1%
2061	13.9%	11.2%
2060	14%	11.2%
2059	14.1%	11.3%
2058	14.1%	11.4%
2057	14.2%	11.4%
2056	14.3%	11.5%
2055	14.3%	11.5%
2054	14.4%	11.5%
2053	14.4%	11.5%
2052	14.4%	11.5%
2051	14.4%	11.5%
2050	14.4%	11.5%
2049	14.4%	11.4%
2048	14.4%	11.4%
2047	14.4%	11.3%
2046	14.4%	11.2%
2045	14.3%	11.1%
2044	14.3%	11.1%
2043	14.3%	11%
2042	14.3%	10.9%
2041	14.2%	10.9%
2040	14.2%	10.8%
2039	14.2%	10.8%
2038	14.3%	10.7%
2037	14.3%	10.7%
2036	14.3%	10.7%
2035	14.4%	10.7%
2034	14.5%	10.8%
2033	14.6%	10.9%
2032	14.8%	11.1%
2031	15%	11.3%
2030	15.1%	11.5%
2029	15.2%	11.7%
2028	15.3%	11.9%
2027	15.4%	12.2%
2026	15.5%	12.5%
2025	15.6%	12.8%
2024	15.7%	12.9%
2023	15.9%	13.3%
2022	16%	13.6%
2021	16.1%	13.9%
2020	16.1%	14.2%
2019	16%	14.4%
2018	15.9%	14.7%
2017	15.8%	14.8%
2016	15.7%	14.9%
2015	15.7%	15%
2014	15.7%	15.1%
2013	15.7%	15.1%
2012	15.7%	15.1%
2011	15.8%	15%
2010	15.7%	14.9%
2009	15.7%	14.8%
2008	15.7%	14.7%
2007	15.7%	14.6%
2006	15.8%	14.5%
2005	16%	14.5%
2004	16.4%	14.5%
2003	16.9%	14.5%
2002	17.5%	14.6%
2001	18.1%	14.7%
2000	18.6%	14.8%
1999	19.1%	15%
1998	19.3%	15.3%
1997	19.6%	15.7%
1996	20%	16.1%
1995	20.5%	16.6%
1994	21%	17.2%
1993	21.6%	17.8%
1992	22.2%	18.4%
1991	22.8%	19.1%
1990	23.3%	19.8%
1989	23.7%	20.5%
1988	23.9%	21.2%
1987	24%	21.9%
1986	24.3%	22.5%
1985	24.6%	23.2%
1984	25.1%	23.8%
1983	25.9%	24.4%
1982	26.8%	24.9%
1981	27.1%	25.5%
1980	26.8%	26%
1979	26.5%	26.4%
1978	26.3%	26.8%
1977	26%	27%
1976	25.7%	27.2%
1975	25.3%	27.3%
1974	25.1%	27.5%
1973	24.9%	27.7%
1972	24.9%	27.8%
1971	24.9%	27.8%
1970	25.1%	27.9%
1969	25.1%	27.8%
1968	25.1%	27.8%
1967	25%	27.7%
1966	25.2%	27.6%
1965	26%	27.5%
1964	26.7%	27.4%
1963	27.3%	27.4%
1962	27.7%	27.4%
1961	28%	27.4%
1960	28.1%	27.4%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.7% of the population in Romania and 12.9% in Spain in 2024, compared to 23.3% and 19.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Romania and Spain compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Romania vs Spain

Chart Table

Romania

Spain

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Romania	Spain
2023	12	3
2022	13	4
2021	20	4
2020	16	4
2019	14	3
2018	15	3
2017	17	3
2016	17	3
2015	18	4
2014	18	4
2013	18	4
2012	19	4
2011	20	4
2010	23	4
2009	25	4
2008	25	4
2007	25	4
2006	27	4
2005	30	5
2004	32	5
2003	35	4
2002	38	5
2001	41	5
2000	45	5
1999	51	5
1998	58	5
1997	66	5
1996	72	6
1995	75	6
1994	80	6
1993	87	6
1992	95	6
1991	104	6
1990	118	6
1989	143	7
1988	159	7
1987	173	7
1986	180	7
1985	184	6

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 12 deaths per 100,000 live births in Romania, compared to 3 deaths in Spain.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Romania

Spain

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Romania	Spain
2023	0.66%	0.31%
2022	0.66%	0.31%
2021	0.65%	0.31%
2020	0.66%	0.32%
2019	0.68%	0.32%
2018	0.73%	0.32%
2017	0.79%	0.32%
2016	0.85%	0.33%
2015	0.92%	0.33%
2014	0.99%	0.34%
2013	1.05%	0.35%
2012	1.12%	0.36%
2011	1.18%	0.37%
2010	1.24%	0.38%
2009	1.31%	0.4%
2008	1.4%	0.42%
2007	1.51%	0.44%
2006	1.66%	0.45%
2005	1.82%	0.47%
2004	1.94%	0.49%
2003	1.99%	0.5%
2002	2.01%	0.51%
2001	2.06%	0.53%
2000	2.16%	0.54%
1999	2.29%	0.56%
1998	2.44%	0.58%
1997	2.58%	0.61%
1996	2.68%	0.65%
1995	2.73%	0.69%
1994	2.76%	0.74%
1993	2.79%	0.79%
1992	2.84%	0.83%
1991	2.97%	0.88%
1990	3.14%	0.92%
1989	3.31%	0.95%
1988	3.43%	0.99%
1987	3.45%	1.03%
1986	3.33%	1.07%
1985	3.16%	1.11%
1984	3.08%	1.17%
1983	3.14%	1.23%
1982	3.28%	1.3%
1981	3.44%	1.38%
1980	3.57%	1.49%
1979	3.68%	1.61%
1978	3.76%	1.74%
1977	3.86%	1.87%
1976	4.05%	2.02%
1975	4.27%	2.17%
1974	4.43%	2.33%
1973	4.49%	2.52%
1972	4.64%	2.72%
1971	5.06%	2.94%
1970	5.69%	3.16%
1969	6.23%	3.39%
1968	6.44%	3.61%
1967	6.27%	3.83%
1966	5.83%	4.03%
1965	5.44%	4.23%
1964	5.45%	4.45%
1963	6.03%	4.68%
1962	6.98%	4.94%
1961	7.98%	5.2%
1960	8.82%	5.47%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.66% in Romania and 0.31% in Spain. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.