Fertility & birth rates in Saudi Arabia and Spain

Fertility rate in Saudi Arabia vs Spain chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Saudi Arabia was 2.28 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.12 in Spain in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Saudi Arabia vs Spain population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Saudi Arabia	Spain
1960	7.63	2.86
1961	7.63	2.77
1962	7.64	2.8
1963	7.65	2.88
1964	7.67	3.01
1965	7.66	2.94
1966	7.66	2.91
1967	7.66	2.94
1968	7.63	2.87
1969	7.6	2.86
1970	7.58	2.84
1971	7.56	2.9
1972	7.54	2.87
1973	7.48	2.84
1974	7.43	2.88
1975	7.37	2.77
1976	7.33	2.77
1977	7.3	2.65
1978	7.26	2.54
1979	7.23	2.37
1980	7.15	2.22
1981	7.07	2.04
1982	6.98	1.94
1983	6.88	1.8
1984	6.78	1.73
1985	6.65	1.64
1986	6.52	1.56
1987	6.34	1.49
1988	6.15	1.45
1989	5.98	1.4
1990	5.8	1.36
1991	5.64	1.33
1992	5.49	1.31
1993	5.33	1.26
1994	5.16	1.19
1995	4.99	1.16
1996	4.81	1.14
1997	4.66	1.15
1998	4.52	1.13
1999	4.35	1.17
2000	4.21	1.22
2001	3.96	1.23
2002	3.71	1.25
2003	3.47	1.3
2004	3.26	1.31
2005	3.16	1.33
2006	3.18	1.36
2007	3.19	1.38
2008	3.07	1.45
2009	2.95	1.38
2010	2.81	1.37
2011	2.8	1.34
2012	2.78	1.32
2013	2.67	1.27
2014	2.68	1.32
2015	2.63	1.33
2016	2.65	1.33
2017	2.67	1.31
2018	2.67	1.26
2019	2.49	1.23
2020	2.27	1.18
2021	2.17	1.18
2022	2.14	1.16
2023	2.28	1.12
2024	2.31	1.13
2025	2.29	1.14
2026	2.27	1.14
2027	2.25	1.15
2028	2.22	1.16
2029	2.2	1.16
2030	2.17	1.17
2031	2.15	1.17
2032	2.13	1.18
2033	2.11	1.18
2034	2.09	1.19
2035	2.07	1.19
2036	2.05	1.2
2037	2.03	1.2
2038	2.01	1.2
2039	1.99	1.21
2040	1.98	1.21
2041	1.97	1.22
2042	1.95	1.23
2043	1.94	1.23
2044	1.93	1.24
2045	1.92	1.24
2046	1.91	1.24
2047	1.9	1.25
2048	1.89	1.25
2049	1.88	1.25
2050	1.87	1.26

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Saudi Arabia	Spain
1960	43.4%	27.4%
1961	43.6%	27.4%
1962	43.9%	27.4%
1963	44.3%	27.4%
1964	44.6%	27.4%
1965	44.8%	27.5%
1966	45.1%	27.6%
1967	45.3%	27.7%
1968	45.4%	27.8%
1969	45.5%	27.8%
1970	45.5%	27.9%
1971	45.5%	27.8%
1972	45.3%	27.8%
1973	45.2%	27.7%
1974	45%	27.5%
1975	44.8%	27.3%
1976	44.6%	27.2%
1977	44.5%	27%
1978	44.3%	26.8%
1979	44.2%	26.4%
1980	44.1%	26%
1981	43.9%	25.5%
1982	43.8%	24.9%
1983	43.7%	24.4%
1984	43.6%	23.8%
1985	43.6%	23.2%
1986	43.5%	22.5%
1987	43.4%	21.9%
1988	43.3%	21.2%
1989	43.2%	20.5%
1990	43%	19.8%
1991	42.7%	19.1%
1992	42.4%	18.4%
1993	42.1%	17.8%
1994	41.7%	17.2%
1995	41.2%	16.6%
1996	40.7%	16.1%
1997	40.1%	15.7%
1998	39.5%	15.3%
1999	38.9%	15%
2000	38.3%	14.8%
2001	37.7%	14.7%
2002	36.8%	14.6%
2003	35.7%	14.5%
2004	34.5%	14.5%
2005	33.2%	14.5%
2006	31.9%	14.5%
2007	30.6%	14.6%
2008	29.5%	14.7%
2009	28.5%	14.8%
2010	27.6%	14.9%
2011	26.9%	15%
2012	26.3%	15.1%
2013	25.8%	15.1%
2014	25.4%	15.1%
2015	25.1%	15%
2016	24.9%	14.9%
2017	25.2%	14.8%
2018	25.7%	14.7%
2019	25.8%	14.4%
2020	25.5%	14.2%
2021	25.2%	13.9%
2022	24.6%	13.6%
2023	24.1%	13.3%
2024	23.8%	12.9%
2025	23.6%	12.6%
2026	23.4%	12.3%
2027	23.3%	12.1%
2028	23.1%	11.8%
2029	22.9%	11.6%
2030	22.8%	11.4%
2031	22.6%	11.2%
2032	22.5%	11%
2033	22.4%	10.9%
2034	22.3%	10.8%
2035	22.2%	10.7%
2036	22.2%	10.7%
2037	22.1%	10.7%
2038	22%	10.8%
2039	21.9%	10.8%
2040	21.7%	10.8%
2041	21.5%	10.9%
2042	21.3%	11%
2043	21.2%	11%
2044	21%	11.1%
2045	20.8%	11.2%
2046	20.7%	11.3%
2047	20.5%	11.3%
2048	20.4%	11.4%
2049	20.2%	11.5%
2050	20.1%	11.5%

Children aged 0-14 make up 23.8% of the population in Saudi Arabia and 12.9% in Spain in 2024, compared to 43% and 19.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Saudi Arabia and Spain compared.

Natural population change in Saudi Arabia vs Spain by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.57% in Saudi Arabia and -0.13% in Spain. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Saudi Arabia	Spain
1960	74,143	398,960
1961	77,743	396,537
1962	81,393	384,690
1963	85,480	394,338
1964	89,776	429,885
1965	93,820	405,819
1966	98,361	397,084
1967	103,343	402,001
1968	108,281	387,423
1969	113,859	367,851
1970	120,440	378,723
1971	127,600	369,625
1972	136,360	391,030
1973	145,450	374,381
1974	155,478	396,182
1975	166,223	371,882
1976	178,024	375,834
1977	191,103	361,465
1978	205,331	339,157
1979	220,186	312,407
1980	234,372	281,184
1981	249,156	237,879
1982	264,831	231,714
1983	280,616	183,223
1984	296,615	172,487
1985	310,558	146,184
1986	322,340	131,188
1987	333,088	116,054
1988	342,865	100,794
1989	349,399	81,538
1990	355,495	66,075
1991	361,329	58,450
1992	366,763	62,652
1993	372,621	47,234
1994	377,351	31,639
1995	380,231	15,889
1996	382,248	11,967
1997	385,033	20,028
1998	389,499	4,022
1999	390,112	8,077
2000	392,407	36,512
2001	382,153	44,936
2002	372,099	53,861
2003	364,520	54,844
2004	362,843	85,844
2005	375,938	78,576
2006	399,333	110,994
2007	425,199	108,545
2008	433,457	133,267
2009	438,557	106,635
2010	418,641	102,469
2011	443,675	84,137
2012	465,649	51,450
2013	475,299	37,284
2014	493,431	32,522
2015	511,023	-4,642
2016	537,829	0
2017	546,751	-32,600
2018	528,767	-56,139
2019	474,407	-56,542
2020	447,036	-151,551
2021	409,032	-113,865
2022	406,920	-133,801
2023	474,366	-111,201

Maternal mortality chart: Saudi Arabia vs Spain

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 7 deaths per 100,000 live births in Saudi Arabia, compared to 3 deaths in Spain.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Saudi Arabia	Spain
1985	40	6
1986	38	7
1987	36	7
1988	34	7
1989	32	7
1990	30	6
1991	29	6
1992	27	6
1993	26	6
1994	25	6
1995	24	6
1996	23	6
1997	23	5
1998	22	5
1999	21	5
2000	20	5
2001	19	5
2002	18	5
2003	16	4
2004	16	5
2005	15	5
2006	14	4
2007	13	4
2008	12	4
2009	11	4
2010	11	4
2011	10	4
2012	9	4
2013	9	4
2014	8	4
2015	8	4
2016	8	3
2017	8	3
2018	8	3
2019	8	3
2020	11	4
2021	12	4
2022	9	4
2023	7	3

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in Saudi Arabia and 0.31% in Spain. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Saudi Arabia	Spain
1960	-	5.47%
1961	-	5.2%
1962	-	4.94%
1963	-	4.68%
1964	-	4.45%
1965	-	4.23%
1966	-	4.03%
1967	-	3.83%
1968	-	3.61%
1969	-	3.39%
1970	-	3.16%
1971	-	2.94%
1972	16%	2.72%
1973	14.9%	2.52%
1974	14%	2.33%
1975	13.1%	2.17%
1976	12.2%	2.02%
1977	11.4%	1.87%
1978	10.7%	1.74%
1979	9.99%	1.61%
1980	9.34%	1.49%
1981	8.71%	1.38%
1982	8.12%	1.3%
1983	7.56%	1.23%
1984	7.04%	1.17%
1985	6.55%	1.11%
1986	6.07%	1.07%
1987	5.62%	1.03%
1988	5.19%	0.99%
1989	4.8%	0.95%
1990	4.44%	0.92%
1991	4.11%	0.88%
1992	3.81%	0.83%
1993	3.54%	0.79%
1994	3.29%	0.74%
1995	3.06%	0.69%
1996	2.86%	0.65%
1997	2.67%	0.61%
1998	2.5%	0.58%
1999	2.35%	0.56%
2000	2.21%	0.54%
2001	2.08%	0.53%
2002	1.96%	0.51%
2003	1.85%	0.5%
2004	1.75%	0.49%
2005	1.65%	0.47%
2006	1.56%	0.45%
2007	1.47%	0.44%
2008	1.38%	0.42%
2009	1.3%	0.4%
2010	1.22%	0.38%
2011	1.15%	0.37%
2012	1.08%	0.36%
2013	1.02%	0.35%
2014	0.96%	0.34%
2015	0.9%	0.33%
2016	0.85%	0.33%
2017	0.8%	0.32%
2018	0.76%	0.32%
2019	0.72%	0.32%
2020	0.69%	0.32%
2021	0.66%	0.31%
2022	0.64%	0.31%
2023	0.62%	0.31%