Fertility & birth rates in Portugal and Spain

Fertility rate in Portugal vs Spain chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Portugal was 1.44 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.12 in Spain in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Portugal vs Spain population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Portugal	Spain
1960	3.16	2.86
1961	3.21	2.77
1962	3.23	2.8
1963	3.12	2.88
1964	3.21	3.01
1965	3.15	2.94
1966	3.16	2.91
1967	3.16	2.94
1968	3.12	2.87
1969	3.12	2.86
1970	3.01	2.84
1971	3	2.9
1972	2.86	2.87
1973	2.77	2.84
1974	2.7	2.88
1975	2.75	2.77
1976	2.82	2.77
1977	2.69	2.65
1978	2.45	2.54
1979	2.31	2.37
1980	2.25	2.22
1981	2.13	2.04
1982	2.07	1.94
1983	1.95	1.8
1984	1.9	1.73
1985	1.72	1.64
1986	1.66	1.56
1987	1.62	1.49
1988	1.61	1.45
1989	1.57	1.4
1990	1.56	1.36
1991	1.56	1.33
1992	1.54	1.31
1993	1.52	1.26
1994	1.45	1.19
1995	1.41	1.16
1996	1.44	1.14
1997	1.47	1.15
1998	1.47	1.13
1999	1.5	1.17
2000	1.55	1.22
2001	1.45	1.23
2002	1.46	1.25
2003	1.44	1.3
2004	1.4	1.31
2005	1.41	1.33
2006	1.37	1.36
2007	1.35	1.38
2008	1.39	1.45
2009	1.34	1.38
2010	1.39	1.37
2011	1.35	1.34
2012	1.28	1.32
2013	1.21	1.27
2014	1.24	1.32
2015	1.31	1.33
2016	1.37	1.33
2017	1.38	1.31
2018	1.42	1.26
2019	1.44	1.23
2020	1.42	1.18
2021	1.35	1.18
2022	1.43	1.16
2023	1.44	1.12
2024	1.45	1.13
2025	1.45	1.14
2026	1.45	1.14
2027	1.46	1.15
2028	1.46	1.16
2029	1.46	1.16
2030	1.46	1.17
2031	1.47	1.17
2032	1.47	1.18
2033	1.47	1.18
2034	1.48	1.19
2035	1.48	1.19
2036	1.48	1.2
2037	1.48	1.2
2038	1.49	1.2
2039	1.49	1.21
2040	1.49	1.21
2041	1.49	1.22
2042	1.49	1.23
2043	1.49	1.23
2044	1.5	1.24
2045	1.5	1.24
2046	1.5	1.24
2047	1.5	1.25
2048	1.5	1.25
2049	1.5	1.25
2050	1.5	1.26

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Portugal	Spain
1960	29.3%	27.4%
1961	29.1%	27.4%
1962	29.1%	27.4%
1963	29.1%	27.4%
1964	29.1%	27.4%
1965	29.1%	27.5%
1966	29.2%	27.6%
1967	29.2%	27.7%
1968	29.2%	27.8%
1969	29.1%	27.8%
1970	28.7%	27.9%
1971	28.4%	27.8%
1972	28.2%	27.8%
1973	27.9%	27.7%
1974	27.7%	27.5%
1975	27.4%	27.3%
1976	27.2%	27.2%
1977	27.1%	27%
1978	26.8%	26.8%
1979	26.4%	26.4%
1980	25.9%	26%
1981	25.4%	25.5%
1982	25%	24.9%
1983	24.5%	24.4%
1984	24.1%	23.8%
1985	23.7%	23.2%
1986	23.1%	22.5%
1987	22.5%	21.9%
1988	21.9%	21.2%
1989	21.2%	20.5%
1990	20.5%	19.8%
1991	19.7%	19.1%
1992	19.1%	18.4%
1993	18.6%	17.8%
1994	18.2%	17.2%
1995	17.8%	16.6%
1996	17.4%	16.1%
1997	17.1%	15.7%
1998	16.8%	15.3%
1999	16.6%	15%
2000	16.4%	14.8%
2001	16.2%	14.7%
2002	16.1%	14.6%
2003	16.1%	14.5%
2004	16%	14.5%
2005	15.9%	14.5%
2006	15.8%	14.5%
2007	15.6%	14.6%
2008	15.5%	14.7%
2009	15.4%	14.8%
2010	15.2%	14.9%
2011	15%	15%
2012	14.9%	15.1%
2013	14.8%	15.1%
2014	14.6%	15.1%
2015	14.3%	15%
2016	14.1%	14.9%
2017	13.9%	14.8%
2018	13.7%	14.7%
2019	13.5%	14.4%
2020	13.3%	14.2%
2021	13.1%	13.9%
2022	13%	13.6%
2023	12.9%	13.3%
2024	12.8%	12.9%
2025	12.7%	12.6%
2026	12.6%	12.3%
2027	12.6%	12.1%
2028	12.6%	11.8%
2029	12.6%	11.6%
2030	12.7%	11.4%
2031	12.7%	11.2%
2032	12.7%	11%
2033	12.7%	10.9%
2034	12.7%	10.8%
2035	12.8%	10.7%
2036	12.9%	10.7%
2037	12.9%	10.7%
2038	13%	10.8%
2039	13%	10.8%
2040	13.1%	10.8%
2041	13.1%	10.9%
2042	13.2%	11%
2043	13.2%	11%
2044	13.3%	11.1%
2045	13.3%	11.2%
2046	13.4%	11.3%
2047	13.4%	11.3%
2048	13.4%	11.4%
2049	13.5%	11.5%
2050	13.5%	11.5%

Children aged 0-14 make up 12.8% of the population in Portugal and 12.9% in Spain in 2024, compared to 20.5% and 19.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Portugal and Spain compared.

Natural population change in Portugal vs Spain by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been -0.29% in Portugal and -0.13% in Spain. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Portugal	Spain
1960	118,693	398,960
1961	117,867	396,537
1962	123,217	384,690
1963	113,783	394,338
1964	120,170	429,885
1965	115,182	405,819
1966	107,171	397,084
1967	106,495	402,001
1968	100,737	387,423
1969	89,329	367,851
1970	87,672	378,723
1971	82,980	369,625
1972	83,715	391,030
1973	76,835	374,381
1974	74,412	396,182
1975	81,841	371,882
1976	85,138	375,834
1977	84,156	361,465
1978	70,731	339,157
1979	67,628	312,407
1980	63,481	281,184
1981	56,152	237,879
1982	58,479	231,714
1983	47,798	183,223
1984	45,983	172,487
1985	33,077	146,184
1986	31,102	131,188
1987	28,084	116,054
1988	24,047	100,794
1989	22,011	81,538
1990	13,976	66,075
1991	12,948	58,450
1992	13,933	62,652
1993	7,972	47,234
1994	9,991	31,639
1995	4,011	15,889
1996	4,026	11,967
1997	8,087	20,028
1998	7,112	4,022
1999	8,175	8,077
2000	15,435	36,512
2001	8,290	44,936
2002	8,335	53,861
2003	4,184	54,844
2004	7,339	85,844
2005	2,101	78,576
2006	3,156	110,994
2007	-1,055	108,545
2008	0	133,267
2009	-5,284	106,635
2010	-4,230	102,469
2011	-5,279	84,137
2012	-17,875	51,450
2013	-24,052	37,284
2014	-22,882	32,522
2015	-23,823	-4,642
2016	-23,749	0
2017	-23,691	-32,600
2018	-25,709	-56,139
2019	-24,687	-56,542
2020	-39,129	-151,551
2021	-45,592	-113,865
2022	-40,694	-133,801
2023	-32,792	-111,201

Maternal mortality chart: Portugal vs Spain

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 15 deaths per 100,000 live births in Portugal, compared to 3 deaths in Spain.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Portugal	Spain
1985	20	6
1986	19	7
1987	19	7
1988	18	7
1989	18	7
1990	17	6
1991	17	6
1992	16	6
1993	15	6
1994	13	6
1995	12	6
1996	12	6
1997	12	5
1998	11	5
1999	10	5
2000	9	5
2001	9	5
2002	9	5
2003	8	4
2004	8	5
2005	8	5
2006	8	4
2007	8	4
2008	9	4
2009	9	4
2010	10	4
2011	10	4
2012	10	4
2013	10	4
2014	11	4
2015	11	4
2016	12	3
2017	13	3
2018	14	3
2019	15	3
2020	14	4
2021	19	4
2022	16	4
2023	15	3

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.32% in Portugal and 0.31% in Spain. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Portugal	Spain
1960	11.4%	5.47%
1961	11%	5.2%
1962	10.4%	4.94%
1963	9.76%	4.68%
1964	9.1%	4.45%
1965	8.53%	4.23%
1966	8.09%	4.03%
1967	7.76%	3.83%
1968	7.51%	3.61%
1969	7.22%	3.39%
1970	6.81%	3.16%
1971	6.3%	2.94%
1972	5.78%	2.72%
1973	5.27%	2.52%
1974	4.79%	2.33%
1975	4.35%	2.17%
1976	3.94%	2.02%
1977	3.57%	1.87%
1978	3.24%	1.74%
1979	2.97%	1.61%
1980	2.75%	1.49%
1981	2.58%	1.38%
1982	2.43%	1.3%
1983	2.29%	1.23%
1984	2.16%	1.17%
1985	2.04%	1.11%
1986	1.93%	1.07%
1987	1.82%	1.03%
1988	1.7%	0.99%
1989	1.59%	0.95%
1990	1.47%	0.92%
1991	1.36%	0.88%
1992	1.25%	0.83%
1993	1.14%	0.79%
1994	1.05%	0.74%
1995	0.98%	0.69%
1996	0.92%	0.65%
1997	0.86%	0.61%
1998	0.82%	0.58%
1999	0.77%	0.56%
2000	0.72%	0.54%
2001	0.66%	0.53%
2002	0.61%	0.51%
2003	0.55%	0.5%
2004	0.5%	0.49%
2005	0.47%	0.47%
2006	0.44%	0.45%
2007	0.42%	0.44%
2008	0.4%	0.42%
2009	0.39%	0.4%
2010	0.38%	0.38%
2011	0.37%	0.37%
2012	0.37%	0.36%
2013	0.36%	0.35%
2014	0.36%	0.34%
2015	0.36%	0.33%
2016	0.36%	0.33%
2017	0.36%	0.32%
2018	0.35%	0.32%
2019	0.35%	0.32%
2020	0.34%	0.32%
2021	0.33%	0.31%
2022	0.32%	0.31%
2023	0.32%	0.31%