Fertility & birth rates in Portugal and Spain

Fertility rate in Portugal vs Spain by year

Chart Table

Portugal

Spain

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Portugal	Spain
2023	1.44	1.12
2022	1.43	1.16
2021	1.35	1.18
2020	1.42	1.18
2019	1.44	1.23
2018	1.42	1.26
2017	1.38	1.31
2016	1.37	1.33
2015	1.31	1.33
2014	1.24	1.32
2013	1.21	1.27
2012	1.28	1.32
2011	1.35	1.34
2010	1.39	1.37
2009	1.34	1.38
2008	1.39	1.45
2007	1.35	1.38
2006	1.37	1.36
2005	1.41	1.33
2004	1.4	1.31
2003	1.44	1.3
2002	1.46	1.25
2001	1.45	1.23
2000	1.55	1.22
1999	1.5	1.17
1998	1.47	1.13
1997	1.47	1.15
1996	1.44	1.14
1995	1.41	1.16
1994	1.45	1.19
1993	1.52	1.26
1992	1.54	1.31
1991	1.56	1.33
1990	1.56	1.36
1989	1.57	1.4
1988	1.61	1.45
1987	1.62	1.49
1986	1.66	1.56
1985	1.72	1.64
1984	1.9	1.73
1983	1.95	1.8
1982	2.07	1.94
1981	2.13	2.04
1980	2.25	2.22
1979	2.31	2.37
1978	2.45	2.54
1977	2.69	2.65
1976	2.82	2.77
1975	2.75	2.77
1974	2.7	2.88
1973	2.77	2.84
1972	2.86	2.87
1971	3	2.9
1970	3.01	2.84
1969	3.12	2.86
1968	3.12	2.87
1967	3.16	2.94
1966	3.16	2.91
1965	3.15	2.94
1964	3.21	3.01
1963	3.12	2.88
1962	3.23	2.8
1961	3.21	2.77
1960	3.16	2.86

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Portugal was 1.44 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.12 in Spain in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Portugal vs Spain population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Portugal

Spain

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Portugal	Spain
2023	-32,792	-111,211
2022	-40,694	-133,801
2021	-45,592	-113,865
2020	-39,129	-151,551
2019	-24,687	-56,542
2018	-25,709	-56,139
2017	-23,691	-32,600
2016	-23,749	0
2015	-23,823	-4,642
2014	-22,882	32,522
2013	-24,052	37,284
2012	-17,875	51,450
2011	-5,279	84,137
2010	-4,230	102,469
2009	-5,284	106,635
2008	0	133,267
2007	-1,055	108,545
2006	3,156	110,994
2005	2,101	78,576
2004	7,339	85,844
2003	4,184	54,844
2002	8,335	53,861
2001	8,290	44,936
2000	15,435	36,512
1999	8,175	8,077
1998	7,112	4,022
1997	8,087	20,028
1996	4,026	11,967
1995	4,011	15,889
1994	9,991	31,639
1993	7,972	47,234
1992	13,933	62,652
1991	12,948	58,450
1990	13,976	66,075
1989	22,011	81,538
1988	24,047	100,794
1987	28,084	116,054
1986	31,102	131,188
1985	33,077	146,184
1984	45,983	172,487
1983	47,798	183,223
1982	58,479	231,714
1981	56,152	237,879
1980	63,481	281,184
1979	67,628	312,407
1978	70,731	339,157
1977	84,156	361,465
1976	85,138	375,834
1975	81,841	371,882
1974	74,412	396,182
1973	76,835	374,381
1972	83,715	391,030
1971	82,980	369,625
1970	87,672	378,723
1969	89,329	367,851
1968	100,737	387,423
1967	106,495	402,001
1966	107,171	397,084
1965	115,182	405,819
1964	120,170	429,885
1963	113,783	394,338
1962	123,217	384,690
1961	117,867	396,537
1960	118,693	398,960

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.31% in Portugal and -0.23% in Spain.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.29% in Portugal and -0.13% in Spain.

Birth rate in Portugal vs Spain by year

Chart Table

Portugal

Spain

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Portugal	Spain
2023	8.1	6.7
2022	8	6.9
2021	7.6	7.1
2020	8.1	7.2
2019	8.4	7.6
2018	8.4	7.9
2017	8.3	8.4
2016	8.4	8.8
2015	8.2	9
2014	7.9	9.2
2013	7.9	9.1
2012	8.5	9.7
2011	9.2	10.1
2010	9.6	10.4
2009	9.4	10.6
2008	9.9	11.3
2007	9.7	10.9
2006	10	10.8
2005	10.4	10.6
2004	10.4	10.6
2003	10.8	10.4
2002	11	10.1
2001	10.9	9.9
2000	11.7	9.8
1999	11.4	9.4
1998	11.2	9.1
1997	11.2	9.2
1996	11	9.1
1995	10.7	9.1
1994	10.9	9.4
1993	11.4	9.8
1992	11.5	10.1
1991	11.7	10.2
1990	11.7	10.3
1989	11.8	10.5
1988	12.2	10.8
1987	12.3	11
1986	12.6	11.4
1985	13	11.9
1984	14.3	12.3
1983	14.5	12.7
1982	15.2	13.6
1981	15.4	14.1
1980	16.2	15.2
1979	16.6	16.2
1978	17.5	17.3
1977	19.1	18
1976	20	18.7
1975	19.8	18.7
1974	19.6	19.5
1973	20	19.2
1972	20.2	19.4
1971	21	19.6
1970	20.8	19.5
1969	21.7	19.9
1968	22.1	20.1
1967	22.8	20.7
1966	23.2	20.7
1965	23.4	21.1
1964	24	22
1963	23.5	21.4
1962	24.5	21.1
1961	24.4	21.2
1960	24.1	21.7

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8.1 in Portugal and 6.7 in Spain, compared with 24.1 and 21.7, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Portugal

Factual

UN forecast

Spain

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Portugal	Spain
2100	13.8%	11.6%
2099	13.8%	11.6%
2098	13.8%	11.7%
2097	13.8%	11.7%
2096	13.9%	11.7%
2095	13.9%	11.8%
2094	13.9%	11.8%
2093	14%	11.9%
2092	14%	11.9%
2091	14%	11.9%
2090	14.1%	12%
2089	14.1%	12%
2088	14.1%	12%
2087	14.1%	12.1%
2086	14.2%	12.1%
2085	14.2%	12.1%
2084	14.2%	12%
2083	14.2%	12%
2082	14.2%	12%
2081	14.2%	11.9%
2080	14.2%	11.9%
2079	14.2%	11.8%
2078	14.2%	11.7%
2077	14.1%	11.6%
2076	14.1%	11.6%
2075	14.1%	11.5%
2074	14%	11.4%
2073	14%	11.3%
2072	13.9%	11.2%
2071	13.9%	11.2%
2070	13.8%	11.1%
2069	13.8%	11.1%
2068	13.7%	11%
2067	13.7%	11%
2066	13.6%	11%
2065	13.6%	11%
2064	13.5%	11%
2063	13.5%	11.1%
2062	13.5%	11.1%
2061	13.5%	11.2%
2060	13.5%	11.2%
2059	13.5%	11.3%
2058	13.5%	11.4%
2057	13.5%	11.4%
2056	13.5%	11.5%
2055	13.5%	11.5%
2054	13.5%	11.5%
2053	13.5%	11.5%
2052	13.5%	11.5%
2051	13.5%	11.5%
2050	13.5%	11.5%
2049	13.5%	11.4%
2048	13.4%	11.4%
2047	13.4%	11.3%
2046	13.4%	11.2%
2045	13.3%	11.1%
2044	13.3%	11.1%
2043	13.2%	11%
2042	13.1%	10.9%
2041	13.1%	10.9%
2040	13%	10.8%
2039	13%	10.8%
2038	13%	10.7%
2037	12.9%	10.7%
2036	12.8%	10.7%
2035	12.8%	10.7%
2034	12.7%	10.8%
2033	12.7%	10.9%
2032	12.7%	11.1%
2031	12.7%	11.3%
2030	12.7%	11.5%
2029	12.6%	11.7%
2028	12.6%	11.9%
2027	12.6%	12.2%
2026	12.7%	12.5%
2025	12.8%	12.8%
2024	12.8%	12.9%
2023	12.9%	13.3%
2022	13%	13.6%
2021	13.1%	13.9%
2020	13.3%	14.2%
2019	13.5%	14.4%
2018	13.7%	14.7%
2017	13.9%	14.8%
2016	14.1%	14.9%
2015	14.3%	15%
2014	14.6%	15.1%
2013	14.8%	15.1%
2012	14.9%	15.1%
2011	15%	15%
2010	15.2%	14.9%
2009	15.4%	14.8%
2008	15.5%	14.7%
2007	15.6%	14.6%
2006	15.8%	14.5%
2005	15.9%	14.5%
2004	16%	14.5%
2003	16.1%	14.5%
2002	16.1%	14.6%
2001	16.2%	14.7%
2000	16.4%	14.8%
1999	16.6%	15%
1998	16.8%	15.3%
1997	17.1%	15.7%
1996	17.4%	16.1%
1995	17.8%	16.6%
1994	18.2%	17.2%
1993	18.6%	17.8%
1992	19.1%	18.4%
1991	19.7%	19.1%
1990	20.5%	19.8%
1989	21.2%	20.5%
1988	21.9%	21.2%
1987	22.5%	21.9%
1986	23.1%	22.5%
1985	23.7%	23.2%
1984	24.1%	23.8%
1983	24.5%	24.4%
1982	25%	24.9%
1981	25.4%	25.5%
1980	25.9%	26%
1979	26.4%	26.4%
1978	26.8%	26.8%
1977	27.1%	27%
1976	27.2%	27.2%
1975	27.4%	27.3%
1974	27.7%	27.5%
1973	27.9%	27.7%
1972	28.2%	27.8%
1971	28.4%	27.8%
1970	28.7%	27.9%
1969	29.1%	27.8%
1968	29.2%	27.8%
1967	29.2%	27.7%
1966	29.2%	27.6%
1965	29.1%	27.5%
1964	29.1%	27.4%
1963	29.1%	27.4%
1962	29.1%	27.4%
1961	29.1%	27.4%
1960	29.3%	27.4%

Children aged 0-14 make up 12.8% of the population in Portugal and 12.9% in Spain in 2024, compared to 20.5% and 19.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Portugal and Spain compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Portugal vs Spain

Chart Table

Portugal

Spain

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Portugal	Spain
2023	15	3
2022	16	4
2021	19	4
2020	14	4
2019	15	3
2018	14	3
2017	13	3
2016	12	3
2015	11	4
2014	11	4
2013	10	4
2012	10	4
2011	10	4
2010	10	4
2009	9	4
2008	9	4
2007	8	4
2006	8	4
2005	8	5
2004	8	5
2003	8	4
2002	9	5
2001	9	5
2000	9	5
1999	10	5
1998	11	5
1997	12	5
1996	12	6
1995	12	6
1994	13	6
1993	15	6
1992	16	6
1991	17	6
1990	17	6
1989	18	7
1988	18	7
1987	19	7
1986	19	7
1985	20	6

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 15 deaths per 100,000 live births in Portugal, compared to 3 deaths in Spain.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Portugal

Spain

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Portugal	Spain
2023	0.32%	0.31%
2022	0.32%	0.31%
2021	0.33%	0.31%
2020	0.34%	0.32%
2019	0.35%	0.32%
2018	0.35%	0.32%
2017	0.36%	0.32%
2016	0.36%	0.33%
2015	0.36%	0.33%
2014	0.36%	0.34%
2013	0.36%	0.35%
2012	0.37%	0.36%
2011	0.37%	0.37%
2010	0.38%	0.38%
2009	0.39%	0.4%
2008	0.4%	0.42%
2007	0.42%	0.44%
2006	0.44%	0.45%
2005	0.47%	0.47%
2004	0.5%	0.49%
2003	0.55%	0.5%
2002	0.61%	0.51%
2001	0.66%	0.53%
2000	0.72%	0.54%
1999	0.77%	0.56%
1998	0.82%	0.58%
1997	0.86%	0.61%
1996	0.92%	0.65%
1995	0.98%	0.69%
1994	1.05%	0.74%
1993	1.14%	0.79%
1992	1.25%	0.83%
1991	1.36%	0.88%
1990	1.47%	0.92%
1989	1.59%	0.95%
1988	1.7%	0.99%
1987	1.82%	1.03%
1986	1.93%	1.07%
1985	2.04%	1.11%
1984	2.16%	1.17%
1983	2.29%	1.23%
1982	2.43%	1.3%
1981	2.58%	1.38%
1980	2.75%	1.49%
1979	2.97%	1.61%
1978	3.24%	1.74%
1977	3.57%	1.87%
1976	3.94%	2.02%
1975	4.35%	2.17%
1974	4.79%	2.33%
1973	5.27%	2.52%
1972	5.78%	2.72%
1971	6.3%	2.94%
1970	6.81%	3.16%
1969	7.22%	3.39%
1968	7.51%	3.61%
1967	7.76%	3.83%
1966	8.09%	4.03%
1965	8.53%	4.23%
1964	9.1%	4.45%
1963	9.76%	4.68%
1962	10.4%	4.94%
1961	11%	5.2%
1960	11.4%	5.47%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.32% in Portugal and 0.31% in Spain. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.