Fertility & birth rates in Luxembourg and Spain

Fertility rate in Luxembourg vs Spain chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Luxembourg was 1.25 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.12 in Spain in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Luxembourg vs Spain population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Luxembourg	Spain
1960	2.29	2.86
1961	-	2.77
1962	2.37	2.8
1963	-	2.88
1964	2.34	3.01
1965	2.42	2.94
1966	2.34	2.91
1967	2.24	2.94
1968	2.12	2.87
1969	2.02	2.86
1970	1.97	2.84
1971	1.95	2.9
1972	1.75	2.87
1973	1.58	2.84
1974	1.58	2.88
1975	1.55	2.77
1976	1.48	2.77
1977	1.5	2.65
1978	1.48	2.54
1979	1.48	2.37
1980	1.5	2.22
1981	1.55	2.04
1982	1.49	1.94
1983	1.43	1.8
1984	1.42	1.73
1985	1.38	1.64
1986	1.43	1.56
1987	1.4	1.49
1988	1.51	1.45
1989	1.52	1.4
1990	1.6	1.36
1991	1.6	1.33
1992	1.64	1.31
1993	1.7	1.26
1994	1.72	1.19
1995	1.7	1.16
1996	1.77	1.14
1997	1.71	1.15
1998	1.68	1.13
1999	1.74	1.17
2000	1.76	1.22
2001	1.66	1.23
2002	1.63	1.25
2003	1.62	1.3
2004	1.66	1.31
2005	1.63	1.33
2006	1.65	1.36
2007	1.61	1.38
2008	1.61	1.45
2009	1.59	1.38
2010	1.63	1.37
2011	1.52	1.34
2012	1.57	1.32
2013	1.55	1.27
2014	1.5	1.32
2015	1.47	1.33
2016	1.41	1.33
2017	1.39	1.31
2018	1.38	1.26
2019	1.34	1.23
2020	1.36	1.18
2021	1.38	1.18
2022	1.31	1.16
2023	1.25	1.12
2024	1.25	1.13
2025	1.26	1.14
2026	1.26	1.14
2027	1.27	1.15
2028	1.27	1.16
2029	1.28	1.16
2030	1.28	1.17
2031	1.29	1.17
2032	1.29	1.18
2033	1.29	1.18
2034	1.29	1.19
2035	1.3	1.19
2036	1.3	1.2
2037	1.3	1.2
2038	1.3	1.2
2039	1.3	1.21
2040	1.31	1.21
2041	1.31	1.22
2042	1.31	1.23
2043	1.31	1.23
2044	1.32	1.24
2045	1.32	1.24
2046	1.32	1.24
2047	1.32	1.25
2048	1.32	1.25
2049	1.33	1.25
2050	1.33	1.26

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Luxembourg	Spain
1960	21.2%	27.4%
1961	21.5%	27.4%
1962	21.7%	27.4%
1963	21.9%	27.4%
1964	22.1%	27.4%
1965	22.3%	27.5%
1966	22.5%	27.6%
1967	22.6%	27.7%
1968	22.5%	27.8%
1969	22.4%	27.8%
1970	22.2%	27.9%
1971	22%	27.8%
1972	21.6%	27.8%
1973	21.2%	27.7%
1974	20.9%	27.5%
1975	20.5%	27.3%
1976	20.2%	27.2%
1977	19.9%	27%
1978	19.5%	26.8%
1979	19.2%	26.4%
1980	18.8%	26%
1981	18.4%	25.5%
1982	18.1%	24.9%
1983	17.8%	24.4%
1984	17.5%	23.8%
1985	17.2%	23.2%
1986	17%	22.5%
1987	16.9%	21.9%
1988	17%	21.2%
1989	17.2%	20.5%
1990	17.4%	19.8%
1991	17.6%	19.1%
1992	17.8%	18.4%
1993	18%	17.8%
1994	18.3%	17.2%
1995	18.4%	16.6%
1996	18.6%	16.1%
1997	18.7%	15.7%
1998	18.8%	15.3%
1999	18.9%	15%
2000	18.9%	14.8%
2001	18.9%	14.7%
2002	18.9%	14.6%
2003	18.8%	14.5%
2004	18.7%	14.5%
2005	18.5%	14.5%
2006	18.4%	14.5%
2007	18.2%	14.6%
2008	18%	14.7%
2009	17.8%	14.8%
2010	17.7%	14.9%
2011	17.4%	15%
2012	17.1%	15.1%
2013	16.9%	15.1%
2014	16.7%	15.1%
2015	16.6%	15%
2016	16.4%	14.9%
2017	16.2%	14.8%
2018	16.1%	14.7%
2019	16%	14.4%
2020	16%	14.2%
2021	15.9%	13.9%
2022	15.9%	13.6%
2023	15.8%	13.3%
2024	15.8%	12.9%
2025	15.7%	12.6%
2026	15.7%	12.3%
2027	15.7%	12.1%
2028	15.6%	11.8%
2029	15.5%	11.6%
2030	15.4%	11.4%
2031	15.3%	11.2%
2032	15.2%	11%
2033	15.1%	10.9%
2034	15%	10.8%
2035	14.9%	10.7%
2036	14.7%	10.7%
2037	14.6%	10.7%
2038	14.5%	10.8%
2039	14.3%	10.8%
2040	14.2%	10.8%
2041	14%	10.9%
2042	13.9%	11%
2043	13.8%	11%
2044	13.7%	11.1%
2045	13.6%	11.2%
2046	13.5%	11.3%
2047	13.5%	11.3%
2048	13.5%	11.4%
2049	13.5%	11.5%
2050	13.5%	11.5%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.8% of the population in Luxembourg and 12.9% in Spain in 2024, compared to 17.4% and 19.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Luxembourg and Spain compared.

Natural population change in Luxembourg vs Spain by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +0.33% in Luxembourg and -0.13% in Spain. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Luxembourg	Spain
1960	1,319	398,960
1961	1,489	396,537
1962	1,091	384,690
1963	1,199	394,338
1964	1,377	429,885
1965	1,260	405,819
1966	1,168	397,084
1967	837	402,001
1968	604	387,423
1969	303	367,851
1970	272	378,723
1971	69	369,625
1972	-35	391,030
1973	-421	374,381
1974	-390	396,182
1975	-395	371,882
1976	-578	375,834
1977	-36	361,465
1978	-145	339,157
1979	72	312,407
1980	37	281,184
1981	329	237,879
1982	183	231,714
1983	37	183,223
1984	146	172,487
1985	74	146,184
1986	331	131,188
1987	222	116,054
1988	747	100,794
1989	679	81,538
1990	1,145	66,075
1991	1,239	58,450
1992	1,098	62,652
1993	1,470	47,234
1994	1,652	31,639
1995	1,634	15,889
1996	1,781	11,967
1997	1,552	20,028
1998	1,486	4,022
1999	1,808	8,077
2000	1,963	36,512
2001	1,766	44,936
2002	1,607	53,861
2003	1,220	54,844
2004	1,878	85,844
2005	1,721	78,576
2006	1,748	110,994
2007	1,584	108,545
2008	2,003	133,267
2009	1,991	106,635
2010	2,129	102,469
2011	1,814	84,137
2012	2,124	51,450
2013	2,336	37,284
2014	2,225	32,522
2015	2,107	-4,642
2016	2,095	0
2017	1,968	-32,600
2018	1,945	-56,139
2019	1,922	-56,542
2020	1,828	-151,551
2021	2,240	-113,865
2022	2,024	-133,801
2023	1,933	-111,201

Maternal mortality chart: Luxembourg vs Spain

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 11 deaths per 100,000 live births in Luxembourg, compared to 3 deaths in Spain.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Luxembourg	Spain
1985	24	6
1986	24	7
1987	23	7
1988	24	7
1989	21	7
1990	24	6
1991	25	6
1992	26	6
1993	20	6
1994	20	6
1995	22	6
1996	23	6
1997	22	5
1998	18	5
1999	21	5
2000	18	5
2001	19	5
2002	17	5
2003	15	4
2004	17	5
2005	17	5
2006	16	4
2007	14	4
2008	13	4
2009	15	4
2010	17	4
2011	13	4
2012	13	4
2013	15	4
2014	13	4
2015	13	4
2016	13	3
2017	15	3
2018	9	3
2019	12	3
2020	6	4
2021	6	4
2022	6	4
2023	11	3

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.23% in Luxembourg and 0.31% in Spain. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Luxembourg	Spain
1960	3.72%	5.47%
1961	3.54%	5.2%
1962	3.36%	4.94%
1963	3.2%	4.68%
1964	3.04%	4.45%
1965	2.89%	4.23%
1966	2.75%	4.03%
1967	2.61%	3.83%
1968	2.48%	3.61%
1969	2.36%	3.39%
1970	2.24%	3.16%
1971	2.11%	2.94%
1972	1.99%	2.72%
1973	1.88%	2.52%
1974	1.77%	2.33%
1975	1.67%	2.17%
1976	1.58%	2.02%
1977	1.51%	1.87%
1978	1.44%	1.74%
1979	1.39%	1.61%
1980	1.34%	1.49%
1981	1.29%	1.38%
1982	1.25%	1.3%
1983	1.21%	1.23%
1984	1.16%	1.17%
1985	1.12%	1.11%
1986	1.07%	1.07%
1987	1.02%	1.03%
1988	0.97%	0.99%
1989	0.93%	0.95%
1990	0.88%	0.92%
1991	0.83%	0.88%
1992	0.78%	0.83%
1993	0.73%	0.79%
1994	0.68%	0.74%
1995	0.64%	0.69%
1996	0.6%	0.65%
1997	0.56%	0.61%
1998	0.53%	0.58%
1999	0.5%	0.56%
2000	0.47%	0.54%
2001	0.44%	0.53%
2002	0.42%	0.51%
2003	0.39%	0.5%
2004	0.37%	0.49%
2005	0.35%	0.47%
2006	0.33%	0.45%
2007	0.31%	0.44%
2008	0.3%	0.42%
2009	0.29%	0.4%
2010	0.28%	0.38%
2011	0.27%	0.37%
2012	0.27%	0.36%
2013	0.26%	0.35%
2014	0.26%	0.34%
2015	0.26%	0.33%
2016	0.25%	0.33%
2017	0.25%	0.32%
2018	0.25%	0.32%
2019	0.25%	0.32%
2020	0.25%	0.32%
2021	0.24%	0.31%
2022	0.24%	0.31%
2023	0.23%	0.31%