Fertility & birth rates in Poland and Spain

Fertility rate in Poland vs Spain by year

Chart Table

Poland

Spain

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Poland	Spain
2023	1.16	1.12
2022	1.29	1.16
2021	1.33	1.18
2020	1.39	1.18
2019	1.44	1.23
2018	1.46	1.26
2017	1.48	1.31
2016	1.39	1.33
2015	1.32	1.33
2014	1.32	1.32
2013	1.29	1.27
2012	1.33	1.32
2011	1.33	1.34
2010	1.41	1.37
2009	1.4	1.38
2008	1.39	1.45
2007	1.31	1.38
2006	1.27	1.36
2005	1.24	1.33
2004	1.23	1.31
2003	1.22	1.3
2002	1.25	1.25
2001	1.31	1.23
2000	1.37	1.22
1999	1.37	1.17
1998	1.44	1.13
1997	1.51	1.15
1996	1.59	1.14
1995	1.62	1.16
1994	1.81	1.19
1993	1.87	1.26
1992	1.95	1.31
1991	2.07	1.33
1990	2.06	1.36
1989	2.08	1.4
1988	2.13	1.45
1987	2.15	1.49
1986	2.22	1.56
1985	2.33	1.64
1984	2.37	1.73
1983	2.42	1.8
1982	2.34	1.94
1981	2.24	2.04
1980	2.28	2.22
1979	2.28	2.37
1978	2.21	2.54
1977	2.23	2.65
1976	2.3	2.77
1975	2.27	2.77
1974	2.26	2.88
1973	2.26	2.84
1972	2.24	2.87
1971	2.25	2.9
1970	2.2	2.84
1969	2.2	2.86
1968	2.24	2.87
1967	2.33	2.94
1966	2.34	2.91
1965	2.52	2.94
1964	2.57	3.01
1963	2.7	2.88
1962	2.72	2.8
1961	2.83	2.77
1960	2.98	2.86

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Poland was 1.16 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.12 in Spain in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Poland vs Spain population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Poland

Spain

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Poland	Spain
2023	-135,743	-111,211
2022	-143,605	-133,801
2021	-184,907	-113,865
2020	-120,050	-151,551
2019	-34,169	-56,542
2018	-26,582	-56,139
2017	0	-32,600
2016	-3,797	0
2015	-26,590	-4,642
2014	0	32,522
2013	-19,020	37,284
2012	0	51,450
2011	11,419	84,137
2010	38,043	102,469
2009	30,521	106,635
2008	34,313	133,267
2007	11,436	108,545
2006	3,814	110,994
2005	-3,817	78,576
2004	-7,637	85,844
2003	-15,281	54,844
2002	-3,823	53,861
2001	3,825	44,936
2000	11,478	36,512
1999	0	8,077
1998	19,332	4,022
1997	34,785	20,028
1996	42,487	11,967
1995	46,314	15,889
1994	96,357	31,639
1993	103,846	47,234
1992	118,928	62,652
1991	141,511	58,450
1990	160,066	66,075
1989	182,215	81,538
1988	215,599	100,794
1987	226,008	116,054
1986	258,448	131,188
1985	297,615	146,184
1984	332,137	172,487
1983	373,032	183,223
1982	369,551	231,714
1981	351,806	237,879
1980	348,627	281,184
1979	366,571	312,407
1978	339,166	339,157
1977	353,828	361,465
1976	367,612	375,834
1975	350,356	371,882
1974	346,893	396,182
1973	320,229	374,381
1972	314,028	391,030
1971	278,660	369,625
1970	280,913	378,723
1969	270,151	367,851
1968	280,963	387,423
1967	275,089	402,001
1966	297,801	397,084
1965	314,450	405,819
1964	326,965	429,885
1963	359,330	394,338
1962	360,671	384,690
1961	398,521	396,537
1960	444,562	398,960

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Poland and -0.23% in Spain.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.18% in Poland and -0.13% in Spain.

Birth rate in Poland vs Spain by year

Chart Table

Poland

Spain

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Poland	Spain
2023	7.4	6.7
2022	8.3	6.9
2021	9	7.1
2020	9.5	7.2
2019	9.9	7.6
2018	10.2	7.9
2017	10.6	8.4
2016	10.1	8.8
2015	9.7	9
2014	9.9	9.2
2013	9.7	9.1
2012	10.1	9.7
2011	10.2	10.1
2010	10.9	10.4
2009	10.9	10.6
2008	10.9	11.3
2007	10.2	10.9
2006	9.8	10.8
2005	9.5	10.6
2004	9.3	10.6
2003	9.2	10.4
2002	9.3	10.1
2001	9.6	9.9
2000	9.9	9.8
1999	9.9	9.4
1998	10.2	9.1
1997	10.7	9.2
1996	11.1	9.1
1995	11.2	9.1
1994	12.5	9.4
1993	12.9	9.8
1992	13.4	10.1
1991	14.3	10.2
1990	14.4	10.3
1989	14.9	10.5
1988	15.6	10.8
1987	16.1	11
1986	17	11.4
1985	18.3	11.9
1984	19	12.3
1983	19.8	12.7
1982	19.5	13.6
1981	19	14.1
1980	19.6	15.2
1979	19.6	16.2
1978	19.1	17.3
1977	19.2	18
1976	19.6	18.7
1975	19	18.7
1974	18.5	19.5
1973	18	19.2
1972	17.5	19.4
1971	17.2	19.6
1970	16.8	19.5
1969	16.4	19.9
1968	16.3	20.1
1967	16.3	20.7
1966	16.8	20.7
1965	17.4	21.1
1964	18.1	22
1963	19.2	21.4
1962	19.8	21.1
1961	20.9	21.2
1960	22.6	21.7

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 7.4 in Poland and 6.7 in Spain, compared with 22.6 and 21.7, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Poland

Factual

UN forecast

Spain

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Poland	Spain
2100	10.3%	11.6%
2099	10.3%	11.6%
2098	10.4%	11.7%
2097	10.4%	11.7%
2096	10.5%	11.7%
2095	10.5%	11.8%
2094	10.6%	11.8%
2093	10.7%	11.9%
2092	10.7%	11.9%
2091	10.8%	11.9%
2090	10.9%	12%
2089	10.9%	12%
2088	10.9%	12%
2087	10.9%	12.1%
2086	10.9%	12.1%
2085	10.9%	12.1%
2084	10.9%	12%
2083	10.9%	12%
2082	10.8%	12%
2081	10.7%	11.9%
2080	10.7%	11.9%
2079	10.6%	11.8%
2078	10.5%	11.7%
2077	10.4%	11.6%
2076	10.3%	11.6%
2075	10.3%	11.5%
2074	10.2%	11.4%
2073	10.1%	11.3%
2072	10.1%	11.2%
2071	10.1%	11.2%
2070	10.1%	11.1%
2069	10.1%	11.1%
2068	10.2%	11%
2067	10.2%	11%
2066	10.3%	11%
2065	10.4%	11%
2064	10.5%	11%
2063	10.6%	11.1%
2062	10.7%	11.1%
2061	10.9%	11.2%
2060	11%	11.2%
2059	11.1%	11.3%
2058	11.2%	11.4%
2057	11.3%	11.4%
2056	11.4%	11.5%
2055	11.5%	11.5%
2054	11.5%	11.5%
2053	11.5%	11.5%
2052	11.5%	11.5%
2051	11.5%	11.5%
2050	11.5%	11.5%
2049	11.4%	11.4%
2048	11.4%	11.4%
2047	11.3%	11.3%
2046	11.2%	11.2%
2045	11.2%	11.1%
2044	11.1%	11.1%
2043	11.1%	11%
2042	11%	10.9%
2041	11%	10.9%
2040	11.1%	10.8%
2039	11.1%	10.8%
2038	11.2%	10.7%
2037	11.3%	10.7%
2036	11.4%	10.7%
2035	11.6%	10.7%
2034	11.9%	10.8%
2033	12.2%	10.9%
2032	12.5%	11.1%
2031	12.8%	11.3%
2030	13.1%	11.5%
2029	13.4%	11.7%
2028	13.7%	11.9%
2027	14%	12.2%
2026	14.3%	12.5%
2025	14.6%	12.8%
2024	14.8%	12.9%
2023	15.1%	13.3%
2022	15.3%	13.6%
2021	15.5%	13.9%
2020	15.5%	14.2%
2019	15.4%	14.4%
2018	15.3%	14.7%
2017	15.2%	14.8%
2016	15.1%	14.9%
2015	15.1%	15%
2014	15.1%	15.1%
2013	15.1%	15.1%
2012	15.1%	15.1%
2011	15.2%	15%
2010	15.1%	14.9%
2009	15.2%	14.8%
2008	15.4%	14.7%
2007	15.7%	14.6%
2006	16%	14.5%
2005	16.5%	14.5%
2004	17%	14.5%
2003	17.5%	14.5%
2002	18.1%	14.6%
2001	18.7%	14.7%
2000	19.4%	14.8%
1999	20.2%	15%
1998	20.9%	15.3%
1997	21.6%	15.7%
1996	22.2%	16.1%
1995	22.8%	16.6%
1994	23.4%	17.2%
1993	23.9%	17.8%
1992	24.3%	18.4%
1991	24.6%	19.1%
1990	25%	19.8%
1989	25.3%	20.5%
1988	25.5%	21.2%
1987	25.6%	21.9%
1986	25.6%	22.5%
1985	25.5%	23.2%
1984	25.3%	23.8%
1983	25%	24.4%
1982	24.7%	24.9%
1981	24.5%	25.5%
1980	24.3%	26%
1979	24.1%	26.4%
1978	24%	26.8%
1977	24%	27%
1976	24%	27.2%
1975	24%	27.3%
1974	24.3%	27.5%
1973	24.8%	27.7%
1972	25.4%	27.8%
1971	26.1%	27.8%
1970	26.9%	27.9%
1969	27.8%	27.8%
1968	28.6%	27.8%
1967	29.5%	27.7%
1966	30.3%	27.6%
1965	31.1%	27.5%
1964	31.9%	27.4%
1963	32.5%	27.4%
1962	33%	27.4%
1961	33.4%	27.4%
1960	33.4%	27.4%

Children aged 0-14 make up 14.8% of the population in Poland and 12.9% in Spain in 2024, compared to 25% and 19.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Poland and Spain compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Poland vs Spain

Chart Table

Poland

Spain

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Poland	Spain
2023	2	3
2022	2	4
2021	2	4
2020	3	4
2019	2	3
2018	2	3
2017	2	3
2016	2	3
2015	2	4
2014	2	4
2013	2	4
2012	2	4
2011	2	4
2010	3	4
2009	3	4
2008	3	4
2007	3	4
2006	4	4
2005	4	5
2004	4	5
2003	5	4
2002	5	5
2001	6	5
2000	7	5
1999	8	5
1998	9	5
1997	10	5
1996	11	6
1995	12	6
1994	14	6
1993	15	6
1992	16	6
1991	18	6
1990	18	6
1989	18	7
1988	18	7
1987	18	7
1986	19	7
1985	19	6

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 2 deaths per 100,000 live births in Poland, compared to 3 deaths in Spain.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Poland

Spain

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Poland	Spain
2023	0.44%	0.31%
2022	0.44%	0.31%
2021	0.44%	0.31%
2020	0.44%	0.32%
2019	0.44%	0.32%
2018	0.45%	0.32%
2017	0.46%	0.32%
2016	0.48%	0.33%
2015	0.49%	0.33%
2014	0.5%	0.34%
2013	0.52%	0.35%
2012	0.54%	0.36%
2011	0.57%	0.37%
2010	0.6%	0.38%
2009	0.63%	0.4%
2008	0.67%	0.42%
2007	0.7%	0.44%
2006	0.73%	0.45%
2005	0.76%	0.47%
2004	0.78%	0.49%
2003	0.81%	0.5%
2002	0.84%	0.51%
2001	0.88%	0.53%
2000	0.93%	0.54%
1999	1%	0.56%
1998	1.09%	0.58%
1997	1.2%	0.61%
1996	1.32%	0.65%
1995	1.43%	0.69%
1994	1.53%	0.74%
1993	1.6%	0.79%
1992	1.65%	0.83%
1991	1.69%	0.88%
1990	1.74%	0.92%
1989	1.79%	0.95%
1988	1.84%	0.99%
1987	1.89%	1.03%
1986	1.96%	1.07%
1985	2.03%	1.11%
1984	2.11%	1.17%
1983	2.19%	1.23%
1982	2.26%	1.3%
1981	2.33%	1.38%
1980	2.4%	1.49%
1979	2.47%	1.61%
1978	2.54%	1.74%
1977	2.62%	1.87%
1976	2.7%	2.02%
1975	2.79%	2.17%
1974	2.9%	2.33%
1973	3.06%	2.52%
1972	3.24%	2.72%
1971	3.42%	2.94%
1970	3.59%	3.16%
1969	3.75%	3.39%
1968	3.89%	3.61%
1967	4.06%	3.83%
1966	4.29%	4.03%
1965	4.57%	4.23%
1964	4.89%	4.45%
1963	5.23%	4.68%
1962	5.6%	4.94%
1961	6.02%	5.2%
1960	6.51%	5.47%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.44% in Poland and 0.31% in Spain. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.