Fertility & birth rates in Spain and United States

Fertility rate in Spain vs United States by year

Chart Table

Spain

United States

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Spain	United States
2023	1.12	1.62
2022	1.16	1.66
2021	1.18	1.66
2020	1.18	1.64
2019	1.23	1.71
2018	1.26	1.73
2017	1.31	1.77
2016	1.33	1.82
2015	1.33	1.84
2014	1.32	1.86
2013	1.27	1.86
2012	1.32	1.88
2011	1.34	1.89
2010	1.37	1.93
2009	1.38	2
2008	1.45	2.07
2007	1.38	2.12
2006	1.36	2.11
2005	1.33	2.06
2004	1.31	2.05
2003	1.3	2.05
2002	1.25	2.02
2001	1.23	2.03
2000	1.22	2.06
1999	1.17	2.01
1998	1.13	2
1997	1.15	1.97
1996	1.14	1.98
1995	1.16	1.98
1994	1.19	2
1993	1.26	2.02
1992	1.31	2.05
1991	1.33	2.06
1990	1.36	2.08
1989	1.4	2.01
1988	1.45	1.93
1987	1.49	1.87
1986	1.56	1.84
1985	1.64	1.84
1984	1.73	1.81
1983	1.8	1.8
1982	1.94	1.83
1981	2.04	1.81
1980	2.22	1.84
1979	2.37	1.81
1978	2.54	1.76
1977	2.65	1.79
1976	2.77	1.74
1975	2.77	1.77
1974	2.88	1.84
1973	2.84	1.88
1972	2.87	2.01
1971	2.9	2.27
1970	2.84	2.48
1969	2.86	2.46
1968	2.87	2.46
1967	2.94	2.56
1966	2.91	2.72
1965	2.94	2.91
1964	3.01	3.19
1963	2.88	3.32
1962	2.8	3.46
1961	2.77	3.62
1960	2.86	3.65

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Spain was 1.12 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.62 in the United States in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Spain vs the United States population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Spain

United States

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Spain	United States
2023	-111,211	502,372
2022	-133,801	399,926
2021	-113,865	199,137
2020	-151,551	208,862
2019	-56,542	887,476
2018	-56,139	955,022
2017	-32,600	1,028,037
2016	0	1,197,627
2015	-4,642	1,270,126
2014	32,522	1,357,281
2013	37,284	1,322,711
2012	51,450	1,411,822
2011	84,137	1,441,697
2010	102,469	1,548,182
2009	106,635	1,717,920
2008	133,267	1,794,154
2007	108,545	1,897,757
2006	110,994	1,849,955
2005	78,576	1,684,445
2004	85,844	1,698,271
2003	54,844	1,653,615
2002	53,861	1,581,938
2001	44,936	1,595,826
2000	36,512	1,664,758
1999	8,077	1,564,050
1998	4,022	1,573,857
1997	20,028	1,501,014
1996	11,967	1,510,137
1995	15,889	1,546,031
1994	31,639	1,633,302
1993	47,234	1,717,685
1992	62,652	1,875,328
1991	58,450	1,926,543
1990	66,075	2,026,068
1989	81,538	1,875,826
1988	100,794	1,735,943
1987	116,054	1,720,252
1986	131,188	1,656,917
1985	146,184	1,689,258
1984	172,487	1,627,192
1983	183,223	1,636,544
1982	231,714	1,714,317
1981	237,879	1,652,153
1980	281,184	1,608,450
1979	312,407	1,597,894
1978	339,157	1,402,283
1977	361,465	1,431,556
1976	375,834	1,264,604
1975	371,882	1,252,644
1974	396,182	1,218,968
1973	374,381	1,165,499
1972	391,030	1,301,355
1971	369,625	1,640,519
1970	378,723	1,824,965
1969	367,851	1,702,487
1968	387,423	1,565,507
1967	402,001	1,669,181
1966	397,084	1,749,387
1965	405,819	1,943,030
1964	429,885	2,245,099
1963	394,338	2,289,826
1962	384,690	2,406,337
1961	396,537	2,571,681
1960	398,960	2,565,530

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.23% in Spain and +0.15% in the United States.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.13% in Spain and +0.25% in the United States.

Birth rate in Spain vs United States by year

Chart Table

Spain

United States

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Spain	United States
2023	6.7	10.7
2022	6.9	11
2021	7.1	11
2020	7.2	10.9
2019	7.6	11.4
2018	7.9	11.6
2017	8.4	11.8
2016	8.8	12.2
2015	9	12.4
2014	9.2	12.5
2013	9.1	12.4
2012	9.7	12.6
2011	10.1	12.7
2010	10.4	13
2009	10.6	13.5
2008	11.3	14
2007	10.9	14.3
2006	10.8	14.3
2005	10.6	14
2004	10.6	14
2003	10.4	14.1
2002	10.1	14
2001	9.9	14.1
2000	9.8	14.4
1999	9.4	14.2
1998	9.1	14.3
1997	9.2	14.2
1996	9.1	14.4
1995	9.1	14.6
1994	9.4	15
1993	9.8	15.4
1992	10.1	15.8
1991	10.2	16.2
1990	10.3	16.7
1989	10.5	16.4
1988	10.8	16
1987	11	15.7
1986	11.4	15.6
1985	11.9	15.8
1984	12.3	15.6
1983	12.7	15.6
1982	13.6	15.9
1981	14.1	15.8
1980	15.2	15.9
1979	16.2	15.6
1978	17.3	15
1977	18	15.1
1976	18.7	14.6
1975	18.7	14.6
1974	19.5	14.8
1973	19.2	14.8
1972	19.4	15.6
1971	19.6	17.2
1970	19.5	18.4
1969	19.9	17.9
1968	20.1	17.6
1967	20.7	17.8
1966	20.7	18.4
1965	21.1	19.4
1964	22	21.1
1963	21.4	21.7
1962	21.1	22.4
1961	21.2	23.3
1960	21.7	23.7

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.7 in Spain and 10.7 in the United States, compared with 21.7 and 23.7, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Spain

Factual

UN forecast

United States

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Spain	United States
2100	11.6%	14.4%
2099	11.6%	14.4%
2098	11.7%	14.4%
2097	11.7%	14.4%
2096	11.7%	14.4%
2095	11.8%	14.5%
2094	11.8%	14.5%
2093	11.9%	14.5%
2092	11.9%	14.5%
2091	11.9%	14.6%
2090	12%	14.6%
2089	12%	14.7%
2088	12%	14.7%
2087	12.1%	14.7%
2086	12.1%	14.8%
2085	12.1%	14.8%
2084	12%	14.8%
2083	12%	14.9%
2082	12%	14.9%
2081	11.9%	14.9%
2080	11.9%	14.9%
2079	11.8%	14.9%
2078	11.7%	14.9%
2077	11.6%	14.9%
2076	11.6%	14.9%
2075	11.5%	14.9%
2074	11.4%	14.9%
2073	11.3%	14.9%
2072	11.2%	14.9%
2071	11.2%	14.9%
2070	11.1%	14.9%
2069	11.1%	14.9%
2068	11%	14.9%
2067	11%	14.9%
2066	11%	14.9%
2065	11%	15%
2064	11%	15%
2063	11.1%	15%
2062	11.1%	15.1%
2061	11.2%	15.1%
2060	11.2%	15.2%
2059	11.3%	15.3%
2058	11.4%	15.4%
2057	11.4%	15.5%
2056	11.5%	15.5%
2055	11.5%	15.6%
2054	11.5%	15.7%
2053	11.5%	15.8%
2052	11.5%	15.8%
2051	11.5%	15.9%
2050	11.5%	15.9%
2049	11.4%	16%
2048	11.4%	16%
2047	11.3%	16%
2046	11.2%	16%
2045	11.1%	16%
2044	11.1%	16%
2043	11%	16%
2042	10.9%	16%
2041	10.9%	15.9%
2040	10.8%	15.9%
2039	10.8%	15.9%
2038	10.7%	15.9%
2037	10.7%	15.9%
2036	10.7%	15.9%
2035	10.7%	15.9%
2034	10.8%	15.9%
2033	10.9%	16%
2032	11.1%	16.1%
2031	11.3%	16.2%
2030	11.5%	16.3%
2029	11.7%	16.5%
2028	11.9%	16.6%
2027	12.2%	16.8%
2026	12.5%	17%
2025	12.8%	17.2%
2024	12.9%	17.3%
2023	13.3%	17.6%
2022	13.6%	17.9%
2021	13.9%	18.1%
2020	14.2%	18.4%
2019	14.4%	18.6%
2018	14.7%	18.8%
2017	14.8%	18.9%
2016	14.9%	19.1%
2015	15%	19.2%
2014	15.1%	19.3%
2013	15.1%	19.4%
2012	15.1%	19.5%
2011	15%	19.6%
2010	14.9%	19.7%
2009	14.8%	19.8%
2008	14.7%	19.9%
2007	14.6%	20%
2006	14.5%	20.2%
2005	14.5%	20.3%
2004	14.5%	20.5%
2003	14.5%	20.7%
2002	14.6%	20.9%
2001	14.7%	21%
2000	14.8%	21.2%
1999	15%	21.3%
1998	15.3%	21.4%
1997	15.7%	21.5%
1996	16.1%	21.7%
1995	16.6%	21.8%
1994	17.2%	21.9%
1993	17.8%	21.9%
1992	18.4%	21.8%
1991	19.1%	21.7%
1990	19.8%	21.6%
1989	20.5%	21.5%
1988	21.2%	21.3%
1987	21.9%	21.3%
1986	22.5%	21.3%
1985	23.2%	21.5%
1984	23.8%	21.7%
1983	24.4%	21.8%
1982	24.9%	22%
1981	25.5%	22.1%
1980	26%	22.4%
1979	26.4%	22.8%
1978	26.8%	23.2%
1977	27%	23.8%
1976	27.2%	24.4%
1975	27.3%	25.2%
1974	27.5%	25.9%
1973	27.7%	26.6%
1972	27.8%	27.4%
1971	27.8%	28%
1970	27.9%	28.6%
1969	27.8%	29%
1968	27.8%	29.5%
1967	27.7%	30%
1966	27.6%	30.4%
1965	27.5%	30.7%
1964	27.4%	30.9%
1963	27.4%	31.1%
1962	27.4%	31.3%
1961	27.4%	31.4%
1960	27.4%	31.3%

Children aged 0-14 make up 12.9% of the population in Spain and 17.3% in the United States in 2024, compared to 19.8% and 21.6% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Spain and the United States compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Spain vs United States

Chart Table

Spain

United States

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Spain	United States
2023	3	17
2022	4	20
2021	4	31
2020	4	22
2019	3	18
2018	3	18
2017	3	18
2016	3	18
2015	4	17
2014	4	17
2013	4	16
2012	4	16
2011	4	15
2010	4	15
2009	4	15
2008	4	14
2007	4	13
2006	4	13
2005	5	13
2004	5	13
2003	4	13
2002	5	13
2001	5	13
2000	5	12
1999	5	12
1998	5	11
1997	5	11
1996	6	11
1995	6	12
1994	6	11
1993	6	12
1992	6	11
1991	6	12
1990	6	12
1989	7	12
1988	7	12
1987	7	11
1986	7	11
1985	6	11

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 3 deaths per 100,000 live births in Spain, compared to 17 deaths in the United States.

U.S. figures are less comparable to other countries, because reporting changes between 2003 and 2018 doubled the number of maternal deaths captured in official records without an actual doubling in mortality, and coding was revised again in 2018.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Spain

United States

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Spain	United States
2023	0.31%	0.65%
2022	0.31%	0.65%
2021	0.31%	0.65%
2020	0.32%	0.65%
2019	0.32%	0.65%
2018	0.32%	0.65%
2017	0.32%	0.66%
2016	0.33%	0.67%
2015	0.33%	0.68%
2014	0.34%	0.68%
2013	0.35%	0.69%
2012	0.36%	0.7%
2011	0.37%	0.72%
2010	0.38%	0.73%
2009	0.4%	0.75%
2008	0.42%	0.76%
2007	0.44%	0.77%
2006	0.45%	0.79%
2005	0.47%	0.8%
2004	0.49%	0.81%
2003	0.5%	0.81%
2002	0.51%	0.82%
2001	0.53%	0.83%
2000	0.54%	0.84%
1999	0.56%	0.86%
1998	0.58%	0.87%
1997	0.61%	0.89%
1996	0.65%	0.92%
1995	0.69%	0.95%
1994	0.74%	0.98%
1993	0.79%	1.01%
1992	0.83%	1.05%
1991	0.88%	1.09%
1990	0.92%	1.12%
1989	0.95%	1.16%
1988	0.99%	1.19%
1987	1.03%	1.21%
1986	1.07%	1.24%
1985	1.11%	1.27%
1984	1.17%	1.3%
1983	1.23%	1.34%
1982	1.3%	1.39%
1981	1.38%	1.44%
1980	1.49%	1.5%
1979	1.61%	1.56%
1978	1.74%	1.63%
1977	1.87%	1.71%
1976	2.02%	1.79%
1975	2.17%	1.88%
1974	2.33%	1.97%
1973	2.52%	2.06%
1972	2.72%	2.15%
1971	2.94%	2.24%
1970	3.16%	2.32%
1969	3.39%	2.41%
1968	3.61%	2.49%
1967	3.83%	2.57%
1966	4.03%	2.64%
1965	4.23%	2.71%
1964	4.45%	2.77%
1963	4.68%	2.83%
1962	4.94%	2.89%
1961	5.2%	2.95%
1960	5.47%	3.01%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.31% in Spain and 0.65% in the United States. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.