Fertility & birth rates in Spain and United States

Fertility rate in Spain vs United States chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Spain was 1.12 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.62 in the United States in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Spain vs the United States population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Spain	United States
1960	2.86	3.65
1961	2.77	3.62
1962	2.8	3.46
1963	2.88	3.32
1964	3.01	3.19
1965	2.94	2.91
1966	2.91	2.72
1967	2.94	2.56
1968	2.87	2.46
1969	2.86	2.46
1970	2.84	2.48
1971	2.9	2.27
1972	2.87	2.01
1973	2.84	1.88
1974	2.88	1.84
1975	2.77	1.77
1976	2.77	1.74
1977	2.65	1.79
1978	2.54	1.76
1979	2.37	1.81
1980	2.22	1.84
1981	2.04	1.81
1982	1.94	1.83
1983	1.8	1.8
1984	1.73	1.81
1985	1.64	1.84
1986	1.56	1.84
1987	1.49	1.87
1988	1.45	1.93
1989	1.4	2.01
1990	1.36	2.08
1991	1.33	2.06
1992	1.31	2.05
1993	1.26	2.02
1994	1.19	2
1995	1.16	1.98
1996	1.14	1.98
1997	1.15	1.97
1998	1.13	2
1999	1.17	2.01
2000	1.22	2.06
2001	1.23	2.03
2002	1.25	2.02
2003	1.3	2.05
2004	1.31	2.05
2005	1.33	2.06
2006	1.36	2.11
2007	1.38	2.12
2008	1.45	2.07
2009	1.38	2
2010	1.37	1.93
2011	1.34	1.89
2012	1.32	1.88
2013	1.27	1.86
2014	1.32	1.86
2015	1.33	1.84
2016	1.33	1.82
2017	1.31	1.77
2018	1.26	1.73
2019	1.23	1.71
2020	1.18	1.64
2021	1.18	1.66
2022	1.16	1.66
2023	1.12	1.62
2024	1.13	1.62
2025	1.14	1.62
2026	1.14	1.62
2027	1.15	1.62
2028	1.16	1.62
2029	1.16	1.62
2030	1.17	1.62
2031	1.17	1.62
2032	1.18	1.62
2033	1.18	1.63
2034	1.19	1.62
2035	1.19	1.63
2036	1.2	1.63
2037	1.2	1.63
2038	1.2	1.63
2039	1.21	1.63
2040	1.21	1.63
2041	1.22	1.63
2042	1.23	1.63
2043	1.23	1.63
2044	1.24	1.63
2045	1.24	1.64
2046	1.24	1.64
2047	1.25	1.63
2048	1.25	1.64
2049	1.25	1.63
2050	1.26	1.64

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Spain	United States
1960	27.4%	31.3%
1961	27.4%	31.4%
1962	27.4%	31.3%
1963	27.4%	31.1%
1964	27.4%	30.9%
1965	27.5%	30.7%
1966	27.6%	30.4%
1967	27.7%	30%
1968	27.8%	29.5%
1969	27.8%	29%
1970	27.9%	28.6%
1971	27.8%	28%
1972	27.8%	27.4%
1973	27.7%	26.6%
1974	27.5%	25.9%
1975	27.3%	25.2%
1976	27.2%	24.4%
1977	27%	23.8%
1978	26.8%	23.2%
1979	26.4%	22.8%
1980	26%	22.4%
1981	25.5%	22.1%
1982	24.9%	22%
1983	24.4%	21.8%
1984	23.8%	21.7%
1985	23.2%	21.5%
1986	22.5%	21.3%
1987	21.9%	21.3%
1988	21.2%	21.3%
1989	20.5%	21.5%
1990	19.8%	21.6%
1991	19.1%	21.7%
1992	18.4%	21.8%
1993	17.8%	21.9%
1994	17.2%	21.9%
1995	16.6%	21.8%
1996	16.1%	21.7%
1997	15.7%	21.5%
1998	15.3%	21.4%
1999	15%	21.3%
2000	14.8%	21.2%
2001	14.7%	21%
2002	14.6%	20.9%
2003	14.5%	20.7%
2004	14.5%	20.5%
2005	14.5%	20.3%
2006	14.5%	20.2%
2007	14.6%	20%
2008	14.7%	19.9%
2009	14.8%	19.8%
2010	14.9%	19.7%
2011	15%	19.6%
2012	15.1%	19.5%
2013	15.1%	19.4%
2014	15.1%	19.3%
2015	15%	19.2%
2016	14.9%	19.1%
2017	14.8%	18.9%
2018	14.7%	18.8%
2019	14.4%	18.6%
2020	14.2%	18.4%
2021	13.9%	18.1%
2022	13.6%	17.9%
2023	13.3%	17.6%
2024	12.9%	17.3%
2025	12.6%	17.1%
2026	12.3%	16.9%
2027	12.1%	16.7%
2028	11.8%	16.6%
2029	11.6%	16.4%
2030	11.4%	16.3%
2031	11.2%	16.1%
2032	11%	16%
2033	10.9%	16%
2034	10.8%	15.9%
2035	10.7%	15.9%
2036	10.7%	15.9%
2037	10.7%	15.9%
2038	10.8%	15.9%
2039	10.8%	15.9%
2040	10.8%	15.9%
2041	10.9%	16%
2042	11%	16%
2043	11%	16%
2044	11.1%	16%
2045	11.2%	16%
2046	11.3%	16%
2047	11.3%	16%
2048	11.4%	16%
2049	11.5%	15.9%
2050	11.5%	15.9%

Children aged 0-14 make up 12.9% of the population in Spain and 17.3% in the United States in 2024, compared to 19.8% and 21.6% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Spain and the United States compared.

Natural population change in Spain vs United States by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been -0.13% in Spain and +0.25% in the United States. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Spain	United States
1960	398,960	2,565,530
1961	396,537	2,571,681
1962	384,690	2,406,337
1963	394,338	2,289,826
1964	429,885	2,245,099
1965	405,819	1,943,030
1966	397,084	1,749,387
1967	402,001	1,669,181
1968	387,423	1,565,507
1969	367,851	1,702,487
1970	378,723	1,824,965
1971	369,625	1,640,519
1972	391,030	1,301,355
1973	374,381	1,165,499
1974	396,182	1,218,968
1975	371,882	1,252,644
1976	375,834	1,264,604
1977	361,465	1,431,556
1978	339,157	1,402,283
1979	312,407	1,597,894
1980	281,184	1,608,450
1981	237,879	1,652,153
1982	231,714	1,714,317
1983	183,223	1,636,544
1984	172,487	1,627,192
1985	146,184	1,689,258
1986	131,188	1,656,917
1987	116,054	1,720,252
1988	100,794	1,735,943
1989	81,538	1,875,826
1990	66,075	2,026,068
1991	58,450	1,926,543
1992	62,652	1,875,328
1993	47,234	1,717,685
1994	31,639	1,633,302
1995	15,889	1,546,031
1996	11,967	1,510,137
1997	20,028	1,501,014
1998	4,022	1,573,857
1999	8,077	1,564,050
2000	36,512	1,664,758
2001	44,936	1,595,826
2002	53,861	1,581,938
2003	54,844	1,653,615
2004	85,844	1,698,271
2005	78,576	1,684,445
2006	110,994	1,849,955
2007	108,545	1,897,757
2008	133,267	1,794,154
2009	106,635	1,717,920
2010	102,469	1,548,182
2011	84,137	1,441,697
2012	51,450	1,411,822
2013	37,284	1,322,711
2014	32,522	1,357,281
2015	-4,642	1,270,126
2016	0	1,197,627
2017	-32,600	1,028,037
2018	-56,139	955,022
2019	-56,542	887,476
2020	-151,551	208,862
2021	-113,865	199,137
2022	-133,801	399,926
2023	-111,201	502,372

Maternal mortality chart: Spain vs United States

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 3 deaths per 100,000 live births in Spain, compared to 17 deaths in the United States.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Spain	United States
1985	6	11
1986	7	11
1987	7	11
1988	7	12
1989	7	12
1990	6	12
1991	6	12
1992	6	11
1993	6	12
1994	6	11
1995	6	12
1996	6	11
1997	5	11
1998	5	11
1999	5	12
2000	5	12
2001	5	13
2002	5	13
2003	4	13
2004	5	13
2005	5	13
2006	4	13
2007	4	13
2008	4	14
2009	4	15
2010	4	15
2011	4	15
2012	4	16
2013	4	16
2014	4	17
2015	4	17
2016	3	18
2017	3	18
2018	3	18
2019	3	18
2020	4	22
2021	4	31
2022	4	20
2023	3	17

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.31% in Spain and 0.65% in the United States. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Spain	United States
1960	5.47%	3.01%
1961	5.2%	2.95%
1962	4.94%	2.89%
1963	4.68%	2.83%
1964	4.45%	2.77%
1965	4.23%	2.71%
1966	4.03%	2.64%
1967	3.83%	2.57%
1968	3.61%	2.49%
1969	3.39%	2.41%
1970	3.16%	2.32%
1971	2.94%	2.24%
1972	2.72%	2.15%
1973	2.52%	2.06%
1974	2.33%	1.97%
1975	2.17%	1.88%
1976	2.02%	1.79%
1977	1.87%	1.71%
1978	1.74%	1.63%
1979	1.61%	1.56%
1980	1.49%	1.5%
1981	1.38%	1.44%
1982	1.3%	1.39%
1983	1.23%	1.34%
1984	1.17%	1.3%
1985	1.11%	1.27%
1986	1.07%	1.24%
1987	1.03%	1.21%
1988	0.99%	1.19%
1989	0.95%	1.16%
1990	0.92%	1.12%
1991	0.88%	1.09%
1992	0.83%	1.05%
1993	0.79%	1.01%
1994	0.74%	0.98%
1995	0.69%	0.95%
1996	0.65%	0.92%
1997	0.61%	0.89%
1998	0.58%	0.87%
1999	0.56%	0.86%
2000	0.54%	0.84%
2001	0.53%	0.83%
2002	0.51%	0.82%
2003	0.5%	0.81%
2004	0.49%	0.81%
2005	0.47%	0.8%
2006	0.45%	0.79%
2007	0.44%	0.77%
2008	0.42%	0.76%
2009	0.4%	0.75%
2010	0.38%	0.73%
2011	0.37%	0.72%
2012	0.36%	0.7%
2013	0.35%	0.69%
2014	0.34%	0.68%
2015	0.33%	0.68%
2016	0.33%	0.67%
2017	0.32%	0.66%
2018	0.32%	0.65%
2019	0.32%	0.65%
2020	0.32%	0.65%
2021	0.31%	0.65%
2022	0.31%	0.65%
2023	0.31%	0.65%