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Fertility & birth rates in Somalia and Spain

Updated on by Georank team

Somalia has an annual birth rate of 43 births per 1,000 people, compared to 6.7 for Spain. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 6.13 in Somalia and 1.12 in Spain — 81.7% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -15.4% in Somalia and by -60.8% in Spain — in 1960, it was 7.25 and 2.86, respectively.

Birth rates facts compared:

  • Somalia is ranked 2/196 by birth rate compared to 189/196 for Spain.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 29.4 in Somalia — it's 32.5 in Spain.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 117.1 in Somalia vs 4.81 in Spain.
  • In Somalia, 22.4% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 21.3% in Spain.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +3.31% in Somalia and -0.23% in Spain.

Birth rate data compared

Somalia Spain
Fertility rate 6.13 1.12
Birth rate 43 6.7
Birth rate rank 2/196 189/196
Age at first childbirth n/a 31.5 years
Average age at childbearing 29.4 years 32.5 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 114.3 4.92
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 269 34.4
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 98.9 13.5
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 22.4% 21.3%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 0.9% 59.9%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 31.9% 99.9%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.56% 0.003%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 3.49% 0.17%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 6.78% 0.26%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 10.4% 0.31%
Population change due to births and deaths +608,203 -111,201
Natural population change rank 31/196 189/196
Natural population change rate +3.31% -0.23%
Population growth +3.54% +0.95%
Population growth rank 9/197 108/197
Life expectancy 59.1 years 84 years

Fertility rate in Somalia vs Spain chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Somalia was 6.13 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.12 in Spain in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Somalia vs Spain population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Somalia
Factual

UN forecast
Spain
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
Somalia Spain
1960 7.25 2.86
1961 7.25 2.77
1962 7.26 2.8
1963 7.26 2.88
1964 7.26 3.01
1965 7.26 2.94
1966 7.26 2.91
1967 7.25 2.94
1968 7.23 2.87
1969 7.21 2.86
1970 7.18 2.84
1971 7.15 2.9
1972 7.12 2.87
1973 7.09 2.84
1974 7.06 2.88
1975 7.03 2.77
1976 7.02 2.77
1977 7 2.65
1978 7.13 2.54
1979 7.16 2.37
1980 7.18 2.22
1981 7.23 2.04
1982 7.25 1.94
1983 7.28 1.8
1984 7.3 1.73
1985 7.33 1.64
1986 7.35 1.56
1987 7.37 1.49
1988 7.4 1.45
1989 7.42 1.4
1990 7.44 1.36
1991 7.47 1.33
1992 7.5 1.31
1993 7.53 1.26
1994 7.54 1.19
1995 7.58 1.16
1996 7.62 1.14
1997 7.66 1.15
1998 7.66 1.13
1999 7.66 1.17
2000 7.65 1.22
2001 7.64 1.23
2002 7.63 1.25
2003 7.6 1.3
2004 7.57 1.31
2005 7.53 1.33
2006 7.49 1.36
2007 7.46 1.38
2008 7.42 1.45
2009 7.38 1.38
2010 7.32 1.37
2011 7.27 1.34
2012 7.21 1.32
2013 7.14 1.27
2014 7.06 1.32
2015 6.98 1.33
2016 6.88 1.33
2017 6.77 1.31
2018 6.66 1.26
2019 6.56 1.23
2020 6.45 1.18
2021 6.35 1.18
2022 6.26 1.16
2023 6.13 1.12
2024 6.01 1.13
2025 5.91 1.14
2026 5.8 1.14
2027 5.68 1.15
2028 5.58 1.16
2029 5.47 1.16
2030 5.35 1.17
2031 5.25 1.17
2032 5.14 1.18
2033 5.04 1.18
2034 4.94 1.19
2035 4.84 1.19
2036 4.74 1.2
2037 4.63 1.2
2038 4.52 1.2
2039 4.44 1.21
2040 4.35 1.21
2041 4.26 1.22
2042 4.16 1.23
2043 4.07 1.23
2044 3.99 1.24
2045 3.91 1.24
2046 3.84 1.24
2047 3.78 1.25
2048 3.71 1.25
2049 3.65 1.25
2050 3.6 1.26

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Somalia
Factual

UN forecast
Spain
Factual

UN forecast
Year Share of people 0-14 years old
Somalia Spain
1960 44.4% 27.4%
1961 44.7% 27.4%
1962 44.8% 27.4%
1963 45% 27.4%
1964 45.1% 27.4%
1965 45.1% 27.5%
1966 44.9% 27.6%
1967 44.8% 27.7%
1968 44.7% 27.8%
1969 44.6% 27.8%
1970 44.5% 27.9%
1971 44.5% 27.8%
1972 44.4% 27.8%
1973 44.4% 27.7%
1974 44.4% 27.5%
1975 44.3% 27.3%
1976 44.3% 27.2%
1977 44.3% 27%
1978 44.4% 26.8%
1979 44.5% 26.4%
1980 44.6% 26%
1981 44.8% 25.5%
1982 45% 24.9%
1983 45.2% 24.4%
1984 45.4% 23.8%
1985 45.6% 23.2%
1986 45.8% 22.5%
1987 46% 21.9%
1988 46.3% 21.2%
1989 46.7% 20.5%
1990 47% 19.8%
1991 47% 19.1%
1992 46.5% 18.4%
1993 46.4% 17.8%
1994 46.5% 17.2%
1995 46.7% 16.6%
1996 46.9% 16.1%
1997 47% 15.7%
1998 47.1% 15.3%
1999 47.2% 15%
2000 47.4% 14.8%
2001 47.5% 14.7%
2002 47.6% 14.6%
2003 47.7% 14.5%
2004 47.9% 14.5%
2005 48.2% 14.5%
2006 48.6% 14.5%
2007 48.9% 14.6%
2008 48.9% 14.7%
2009 48.8% 14.8%
2010 48.7% 14.9%
2011 48.3% 15%
2012 47.9% 15.1%
2013 47.8% 15.1%
2014 47.7% 15.1%
2015 47.6% 15%
2016 47.5% 14.9%
2017 47.4% 14.8%
2018 47.3% 14.7%
2019 47.1% 14.4%
2020 47% 14.2%
2021 47% 13.9%
2022 46.8% 13.6%
2023 46.7% 13.3%
2024 46.6% 12.9%
2025 46.6% 12.6%
2026 46.5% 12.3%
2027 46.4% 12.1%
2028 46.1% 11.8%
2029 45.8% 11.6%
2030 45.4% 11.4%
2031 45.1% 11.2%
2032 44.7% 11%
2033 44.3% 10.9%
2034 43.9% 10.8%
2035 43.5% 10.7%
2036 43.1% 10.7%
2037 42.6% 10.7%
2038 42.1% 10.8%
2039 41.7% 10.8%
2040 41.2% 10.8%
2041 40.8% 10.9%
2042 40.3% 11%
2043 39.9% 11%
2044 39.4% 11.1%
2045 39% 11.2%
2046 38.6% 11.3%
2047 38.2% 11.3%
2048 37.8% 11.4%
2049 37.4% 11.5%
2050 37% 11.5%

Children aged 0-14 make up 46.6% of the population in Somalia and 12.9% in Spain in 2024, compared to 47% and 19.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Somalia and Spain compared.

Natural population change in Somalia vs Spain by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +3.34% in Somalia and -0.13% in Spain. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Somalia
Spain

Natural population change

Year Population change due to births and deaths
Somalia Spain
1960 73,850 398,960
1961 75,513 396,537
1962 77,737 384,690
1963 79,859 394,338
1964 82,042 429,885
1965 84,448 405,819
1966 86,930 397,084
1967 89,497 402,001
1968 92,208 387,423
1969 95,045 367,851
1970 98,025 378,723
1971 101,196 369,625
1972 104,493 391,030
1973 108,038 374,381
1974 104,813 396,182
1975 108,998 371,882
1976 113,319 375,834
1977 124,818 361,465
1978 132,689 339,157
1979 151,016 312,407
1980 174,790 281,184
1981 185,211 237,879
1982 182,793 231,714
1983 190,775 183,223
1984 199,017 172,487
1985 207,960 146,184
1986 218,416 131,188
1987 231,580 116,054
1988 215,599 100,794
1989 225,255 81,538
1990 225,162 66,075
1991 53,052 58,450
1992 57,495 62,652
1993 232,960 47,234
1994 246,950 31,639
1995 254,509 15,889
1996 264,807 11,967
1997 271,894 20,028
1998 284,779 4,022
1999 295,523 8,077
2000 306,651 36,512
2001 319,059 44,936
2002 331,215 53,861
2003 341,192 54,844
2004 351,959 85,844
2005 363,117 78,576
2006 372,597 110,994
2007 380,303 108,545
2008 394,258 133,267
2009 405,784 106,635
2010 385,571 102,469
2011 203,213 84,137
2012 399,468 51,450
2013 448,518 37,284
2014 464,481 32,522
2015 481,573 -4,642
2016 495,132 0
2017 478,556 -32,600
2018 514,244 -56,139
2019 548,756 -56,542
2020 561,311 -151,551
2021 566,399 -113,865
2022 551,450 -133,801
2023 608,203 -111,201

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart: Somalia vs Spain

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 563 deaths per 100,000 live births in Somalia, compared to 3 deaths in Spain.

Somalia
Spain
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
Somalia Spain
1985 1,465 6
1986 1,452 7
1987 1,393 7
1988 1,423 7
1989 1,395 7
1990 1,358 6
1991 1,431 6
1992 1,339 6
1993 1,195 6
1994 1,254 6
1995 1,210 6
1996 1,225 6
1997 1,206 5
1998 1,177 5
1999 1,170 5
2000 1,150 5
2001 1,129 5
2002 1,121 5
2003 1,111 4
2004 1,104 5
2005 1,086 5
2006 1,085 4
2007 1,074 4
2008 1,035 4
2009 995 4
2010 1,062 4
2011 972 4
2012 894 4
2013 855 4
2014 816 4
2015 784 4
2016 754 3
2017 716 3
2018 727 3
2019 656 3
2020 655 4
2021 726 4
2022 622 4
2023 563 3

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 10.4% in Somalia and 0.31% in Spain. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Somalia
Spain

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
Somalia Spain
1960 - 5.47%
1961 - 5.2%
1962 - 4.94%
1963 - 4.68%
1964 - 4.45%
1965 - 4.23%
1966 - 4.03%
1967 - 3.83%
1968 - 3.61%
1969 - 3.39%
1970 - 3.16%
1971 - 2.94%
1972 - 2.72%
1973 - 2.52%
1974 - 2.33%
1975 - 2.17%
1976 - 2.02%
1977 - 1.87%
1978 - 1.74%
1979 - 1.61%
1980 - 1.49%
1981 - 1.38%
1982 20.1% 1.3%
1983 19.8% 1.23%
1984 19.5% 1.17%
1985 19.3% 1.11%
1986 19% 1.07%
1987 18.8% 1.03%
1988 18.6% 0.99%
1989 18.3% 0.95%
1990 18% 0.92%
1991 44.3% 0.88%
1992 45.6% 0.83%
1993 17.3% 0.79%
1994 17.2% 0.74%
1995 17.2% 0.69%
1996 17.2% 0.65%
1997 17.2% 0.61%
1998 17.2% 0.58%
1999 17.2% 0.56%
2000 17.2% 0.54%
2001 17.2% 0.53%
2002 17.2% 0.51%
2003 17.2% 0.5%
2004 17.2% 0.49%
2005 17.2% 0.47%
2006 17.2% 0.45%
2007 17% 0.44%
2008 16.6% 0.42%
2009 16.2% 0.4%
2010 18.6% 0.38%
2011 35.9% 0.37%
2012 18.4% 0.36%
2013 14.3% 0.35%
2014 13.8% 0.34%
2015 13.4% 0.33%
2016 13% 0.33%
2017 15.5% 0.32%
2018 13.6% 0.32%
2019 11.8% 0.32%
2020 11.4% 0.32%
2021 11.1% 0.31%
2022 14.3% 0.31%
2023 10.4% 0.31%

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Birth rate comparisons

Birth rate vs Somalia vs Spain
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