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Fertility & birth rates in Germany and Spain

Updated on by Georank team

Germany has an annual birth rate of 8.3 births per 1,000 people, compared to 6.7 for Spain. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 1.39 in Germany and 1.12 in Spain — 19.4% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -41.4% in Germany and by -60.8% in Spain — in 1960, it was 2.37 and 2.86, respectively.

Birth rates facts compared:

  • Germany is ranked 172/196 by birth rate compared to 189/196 for Spain.
  • The mean age for first-time mothers is 29.8 years in Germany, compared to 31.5 years in Spain.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 31.6 in Germany — it's 32.5 in Spain.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 5.47 in Germany vs 4.81 in Spain.
  • In Germany, 19.7% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 21.3% in Spain.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.4% in Germany and -0.23% in Spain.

Birth rate data compared

Germany Spain
Fertility rate 1.39 1.12
Birth rate 8.3 6.7
Birth rate rank 172/196 189/196
Age at first childbirth 29.8 years 31.5 years
Average age at childbearing 31.6 years 32.5 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 5.05 4.92
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 52.9 34.4
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 15.4 13.5
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 19.7% 21.3%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 80.2% 59.9%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 96.2% 99.9%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.004% 0.003%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 0.23% 0.17%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 0.31% 0.26%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 0.37% 0.31%
Population change due to births and deaths -335,608 -111,201
Natural population change rank 193/196 189/196
Natural population change rate -0.4% -0.23%
Population growth -0.47% +0.95%
Population growth rank 184/197 108/197
Life expectancy 81.7 years 84 years

Fertility rate in Germany vs Spain chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Germany was 1.39 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.12 in Spain in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Germany vs Spain population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Germany
Factual

UN forecast
Spain
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
Germany Spain
1960 2.37 2.86
1961 2.45 2.77
1962 2.44 2.8
1963 2.51 2.88
1964 2.54 3.01
1965 2.5 2.94
1966 2.53 2.91
1967 2.48 2.94
1968 2.38 2.87
1969 2.21 2.86
1970 2.03 2.84
1971 1.92 2.9
1972 1.71 2.87
1973 1.54 2.84
1974 1.51 2.88
1975 1.45 2.77
1976 1.45 2.77
1977 1.4 2.65
1978 1.38 2.54
1979 1.38 2.37
1980 1.44 2.22
1981 1.43 2.04
1982 1.41 1.94
1983 1.33 1.8
1984 1.29 1.73
1985 1.37 1.64
1986 1.43 1.56
1987 1.43 1.49
1988 1.46 1.45
1989 1.42 1.4
1990 1.45 1.36
1991 1.33 1.33
1992 1.29 1.31
1993 1.28 1.26
1994 1.24 1.19
1995 1.25 1.16
1996 1.3 1.14
1997 1.35 1.15
1998 1.36 1.13
1999 1.36 1.17
2000 1.38 1.22
2001 1.35 1.23
2002 1.34 1.25
2003 1.34 1.3
2004 1.36 1.31
2005 1.34 1.33
2006 1.33 1.36
2007 1.37 1.38
2008 1.38 1.45
2009 1.36 1.38
2010 1.39 1.37
2011 1.39 1.34
2012 1.41 1.32
2013 1.42 1.27
2014 1.47 1.32
2015 1.5 1.33
2016 1.6 1.33
2017 1.57 1.31
2018 1.57 1.26
2019 1.54 1.23
2020 1.53 1.18
2021 1.58 1.18
2022 1.46 1.16
2023 1.39 1.12
2024 1.4 1.13
2025 1.4 1.14
2026 1.41 1.14
2027 1.41 1.15
2028 1.42 1.16
2029 1.42 1.16
2030 1.42 1.17
2031 1.43 1.17
2032 1.43 1.18
2033 1.44 1.18
2034 1.44 1.19
2035 1.44 1.19
2036 1.45 1.2
2037 1.45 1.2
2038 1.45 1.2
2039 1.46 1.21
2040 1.46 1.21
2041 1.46 1.22
2042 1.47 1.23
2043 1.47 1.23
2044 1.47 1.24
2045 1.47 1.24
2046 1.48 1.24
2047 1.48 1.25
2048 1.48 1.25
2049 1.48 1.25
2050 1.48 1.26

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Germany
Factual

UN forecast
Spain
Factual

UN forecast
Year Share of people 0-14 years old
Germany Spain
1960 21.3% 27.4%
1961 21.7% 27.4%
1962 22% 27.4%
1963 22.3% 27.4%
1964 22.6% 27.4%
1965 22.8% 27.5%
1966 23% 27.6%
1967 23.1% 27.7%
1968 23.3% 27.8%
1969 23.3% 27.8%
1970 23.2% 27.9%
1971 23% 27.8%
1972 22.8% 27.8%
1973 22.4% 27.7%
1974 22% 27.5%
1975 21.5% 27.3%
1976 20.9% 27.2%
1977 20.3% 27%
1978 19.7% 26.8%
1979 19.1% 26.4%
1980 18.5% 26%
1981 17.9% 25.5%
1982 17.4% 24.9%
1983 16.9% 24.4%
1984 16.4% 23.8%
1985 16% 23.2%
1986 15.8% 22.5%
1987 15.6% 21.9%
1988 15.7% 21.2%
1989 15.9% 20.5%
1990 16.1% 19.8%
1991 16.3% 19.1%
1992 16.3% 18.4%
1993 16.3% 17.8%
1994 16.3% 17.2%
1995 16.3% 16.6%
1996 16.2% 16.1%
1997 16.1% 15.7%
1998 15.9% 15.3%
1999 15.8% 15%
2000 15.7% 14.8%
2001 15.5% 14.7%
2002 15.3% 14.6%
2003 15% 14.5%
2004 14.8% 14.5%
2005 14.5% 14.5%
2006 14.2% 14.5%
2007 14% 14.6%
2008 13.8% 14.7%
2009 13.8% 14.8%
2010 13.7% 14.9%
2011 13.6% 15%
2012 13.4% 15.1%
2013 13.2% 15.1%
2014 13.2% 15.1%
2015 13.2% 15%
2016 13.3% 14.9%
2017 13.5% 14.8%
2018 13.6% 14.7%
2019 13.7% 14.4%
2020 13.8% 14.2%
2021 13.9% 13.9%
2022 13.9% 13.6%
2023 13.9% 13.3%
2024 13.9% 12.9%
2025 13.9% 12.6%
2026 13.9% 12.3%
2027 13.8% 12.1%
2028 13.8% 11.8%
2029 13.7% 11.6%
2030 13.6% 11.4%
2031 13.5% 11.2%
2032 13.4% 11%
2033 13.2% 10.9%
2034 13.1% 10.8%
2035 12.9% 10.7%
2036 12.8% 10.7%
2037 12.7% 10.7%
2038 12.6% 10.8%
2039 12.6% 10.8%
2040 12.6% 10.8%
2041 12.5% 10.9%
2042 12.5% 11%
2043 12.6% 11%
2044 12.6% 11.1%
2045 12.7% 11.2%
2046 12.7% 11.3%
2047 12.8% 11.3%
2048 12.9% 11.4%
2049 13% 11.5%
2050 13.1% 11.5%

Children aged 0-14 make up 13.9% of the population in Germany and 12.9% in Spain in 2024, compared to 16.1% and 19.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Germany and Spain compared.

Natural population change in Germany vs Spain by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been -0.25% in Germany and -0.13% in Spain. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Germany
Spain

Natural population change

Year Population change due to births and deaths
Germany Spain
1960 385,919 398,960
1961 462,279 396,537
1962 436,752 384,690
1963 455,757 394,338
1964 482,038 429,885
1965 410,204 405,819
1966 405,982 397,084
1967 353,977 402,001
1968 239,612 387,423
1969 155,820 367,851
1970 70,352 378,723
1971 46,988 369,625
1972 -62,950 391,030
1973 -149,980 374,381
1974 -150,038 396,182
1975 -212,418 371,882
1976 -164,508 375,834
1977 -125,055 361,465
1978 -140,566 339,157
1979 -125,002 312,407
1980 -86,117 281,184
1981 -94,090 237,879
1982 -78,333 231,714
1983 -109,380 183,223
1984 -109,002 172,487
1985 -116,527 146,184
1986 -77,721 131,188
1987 -31,136 116,054
1988 -7,815 100,794
1989 -23,625 81,538
1990 -15,887 66,075
1991 -80,014 58,450
1992 -80,625 62,652
1993 -105,503 47,234
1994 -114,013 31,639
1995 -114,349 15,889
1996 -90,107 11,967
1997 -49,221 20,028
1998 -65,637 4,022
1999 -73,890 8,077
2000 -73,990 36,512
2001 -98,820 44,936
2002 -123,733 53,861
2003 -140,309 54,844
2004 -107,271 85,844
2005 -148,445 78,576
2006 -148,278 110,994
2007 -148,080 108,545
2008 -164,220 133,267
2009 -188,375 106,635
2010 -179,909 102,469
2011 -184,632 84,137
2012 -193,022 51,450
2013 -209,679 37,284
2014 -153,866 32,522
2015 -187,879 -4,642
2016 -123,523 0
2017 -148,783 -32,600
2018 -165,812 -56,139
2019 -157,877 -56,542
2020 -216,218 -151,551
2021 -224,629 -113,865
2022 -326,812 -133,801
2023 -335,608 -111,201

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart: Germany vs Spain

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 4 deaths per 100,000 live births in Germany, compared to 3 deaths in Spain.

Germany
Spain
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
Germany Spain
1985 14 6
1986 14 7
1987 13 7
1988 13 7
1989 12 7
1990 12 6
1991 11 6
1992 10 6
1993 9 6
1994 9 6
1995 8 6
1996 8 6
1997 8 5
1998 7 5
1999 7 5
2000 7 5
2001 6 5
2002 6 5
2003 6 4
2004 6 5
2005 6 5
2006 6 4
2007 5 4
2008 6 4
2009 6 4
2010 5 4
2011 5 4
2012 5 4
2013 5 4
2014 5 4
2015 5 4
2016 4 3
2017 4 3
2018 4 3
2019 4 3
2020 4 4
2021 4 4
2022 4 4
2023 4 3

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.37% in Germany and 0.31% in Spain. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Germany
Spain

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
Germany Spain
1960 - 5.47%
1961 - 5.2%
1962 - 4.94%
1963 - 4.68%
1964 - 4.45%
1965 - 4.23%
1966 - 4.03%
1967 - 3.83%
1968 2.71% 3.61%
1969 2.64% 3.39%
1970 2.57% 3.16%
1971 2.49% 2.94%
1972 2.4% 2.72%
1973 2.31% 2.52%
1974 2.2% 2.33%
1975 2.08% 2.17%
1976 1.95% 2.02%
1977 1.83% 1.87%
1978 1.71% 1.74%
1979 1.6% 1.61%
1980 1.5% 1.49%
1981 1.41% 1.38%
1982 1.32% 1.3%
1983 1.25% 1.23%
1984 1.18% 1.17%
1985 1.11% 1.11%
1986 1.06% 1.07%
1987 1.01% 1.03%
1988 0.95% 0.99%
1989 0.9% 0.95%
1990 0.85% 0.92%
1991 0.8% 0.88%
1992 0.76% 0.83%
1993 0.72% 0.79%
1994 0.68% 0.74%
1995 0.65% 0.69%
1996 0.62% 0.65%
1997 0.59% 0.61%
1998 0.57% 0.58%
1999 0.55% 0.56%
2000 0.54% 0.54%
2001 0.52% 0.53%
2002 0.51% 0.51%
2003 0.5% 0.5%
2004 0.48% 0.49%
2005 0.47% 0.47%
2006 0.46% 0.45%
2007 0.45% 0.44%
2008 0.44% 0.42%
2009 0.43% 0.4%
2010 0.42% 0.38%
2011 0.41% 0.37%
2012 0.4% 0.36%
2013 0.4% 0.35%
2014 0.4% 0.34%
2015 0.39% 0.33%
2016 0.39% 0.33%
2017 0.38% 0.32%
2018 0.38% 0.32%
2019 0.37% 0.32%
2020 0.37% 0.32%
2021 0.37% 0.31%
2022 0.37% 0.31%
2023 0.37% 0.31%

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Birth rate comparisons

Birth rate vs Germany vs Spain
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